Background: Many types of instruments and techniques are used in the instrumentation of the root canal system. These instruments and techniques may extrude debris beyond the apical foramen and may cause post-instrumentation complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris resulted by using 4 types of nickel-titanium instruments (WaveOne, TRUShape 3D conforming files, Hyflex CM, and One Shape files) during endodontic instrumentation. Materials and methods: Forty freshly extracted human mandibular second premolar with straight canals and a single apex were collected for this study. All teeth were cut to similar lengths. Pre-weighted glass vials were used as collecting containers. Samples were randomly divided into four groups with 10 samples in each group: Group A instrumentation by WaveOne reciprocating file, Group B instrumentation by TRUShape 3D rotating files, Group C instrumentation by Hyflex CM rotating files and Group D instrumentation by One Shape rotating file. A total volume of 7 ml of sodium hypochlorite was used for irrigation in each sample. Apical patency confirmed and maintained by a size #15 K-File. All canals were instrumented up to a size #25. After completion of endodontic instrumentation, vials were then stored in an incubator for 5 days at 68o C for dryness. Then vials are weighted again, and the pre-weight subtracted from the post-weight, the weight difference resembled the amount of apically extruded debris from the apical foramen during root canal instrumentation. Data obtained were statistically analysed by using ANOVA and LSD tests. Results: The results showed that the Hyflex CM Group (C) has statistical significant lowest apically extruded debris as compared to other groups of this study (P ≤0.05), while the TRUShape Group (B) has statistical significant lowest apically extruded debris as compared to One Shape Group (D) and WaveOne Group (A), while the WaveOne Group (A) showed the highest value of apically extruded debris (p ≤0.01). The result showed that all groups resulted in apical extrusion of debris. Significance: Although all systems caused apical extrusion of debris and irrigant, continuous rotary instrumentation was associated with less extrusion as compared with the use of reciprocating file system.
The accumulation of toxic elements in vegetables and melons grown in agriculture, Brassica rapa - turnip, Solanum lycopersicum - tomato, Citrullus lanatus - watermelon, Capsicum annuum - bell pepper, Daucus carota - carrots, Cucurbita pepo - pumpkin, Cucumis melo - melon, and also Prunus armeniaca - apricot from fruit trees were analyzed. The excess of maximum allowable concentrations in agricultural crops of the element As by 1.65-1.75, Cd - 1.6-2.3, Cr -1.2-2.35, Cu -1.6-3.3, Ni - 1.16-3.53, Pb - 1.54-3.08, Al - 1.36-3.5, Sb - 2.0-33, Se - 1.1-3.3 times was established. The maximum allowable concentration of mercury in vegetables and melons was equal to 0.02 mg/kg,
... Show MoreBackground Over the past decade there has been a growing awareness of, and interest in, the trace element concentration differences between normal and diseased tissues. Significant changes in tissue concentrations of Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) have been previously reported in inflammation and cancer of certain human tissues.
Aim:(1)To correlate between Zn and Cu concentrations and the histological picture of normal and certain inflamed human tissues, namely the gall bladder (GB) the vermiform appendix (VA), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). (2) to detect whether there is a difference in the above-mentioned parameters between VAT and SAT. (3) to obtain recordings for trace element levels in human tissu
This paper examines the use of one of the most common linguistic devices which is hyperbole. It shows how hyperbolic devices are used as an aspect of exaggeration or overstatement for an extra effect in which the speaker can use hyperbole to add something extra to a situation in order to exaggerate his idea or speech. It is, like other figures of speech, used to express a negative or positive attitude of a specific unit of language. Thus, this paper is set against a background of using hyperbole concerning two main fields (advertisements and propaganda). So, the use of hyperbole will be implied by analyzing them concerning their meaning) literal and non-literal). Methodology of this
... Show MorePraise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of Messengers, Muhammad and his family
The good and pure and after his companions
God Almighty said: ( ) Do they not contemplate the Qur’an? If it had been from other than God, they would have found in it much discrepancy. God Almighty has made the well-being of people and their lives linked to faith in it. So what is the need of people today to return to the Book of their Lord so that they may return to the right path that God intended for His servants so that they may attain sustenance? Security and the good life. How could it not be, when many of the nations of the world no longer see security or stability because their leaders and politic
... Show MoreBackground: Tumors of the oral cavity are under
estimated in general dental and medical practice,
some authors describe it as the forgetting disease,
others wondering if the attention paid to this disease
compared to its fatality (The 5-year survival rate is
about 50%) is enough for disease control? However;
this disease deserves a comprehensive assessment by
all dental and medical fields assumed to examine the
oral cavity regularly, especially otolaryngologist.
Objectives: To find out the sensitivity and specificity
of clinical examination in diagnosing oral tumors and
premalignant conditions by otolaryngologist.
Methods: Across sectional retrospective study was
conducted in the:
-study design:
The ancient Iraqis in the Mesopotamian civilization practiced various sports activities and physical exercises to develop their physical fitness until these practices became a part of their lives and accompanied their religious, social, and military celebrations. Music had a presence in many sports scenes, and the presence of musicians and musical instruments with the armies indicated its great role. In the military scene, the research aims to shed light on the archaeological evidence and evidence of the integration of music with the sports and military scene in Mesopotamian civilization and to explore the impact of music in the sports and military scene of Mesopotamian civilization. The historical approach was adopted in collecting and des
... Show MoreArabic prose poem and the antithesis of contrast: poetry _ prose and West _ East
Hall effect measurements have been made on a-As2Te3 thin films different thickness film in the range (200-350) nm. The Hall mobility in a-As2Te3 thin films decreases with increasing annealing temperature but the carrier concentration increases. When increasing the film thickness increases the Hall mobility decreases, while the carrier concentration increases.
The theater has live foundations that interact with all symbols and signs. It has never been far from these innovations and developments in the manner of dealing with those symbols and how and the extent of their effects on society through the world of technology because the theatrical performance contributes to its structure, a technique that is employed by designers in various technologies such as ( Music, lighting and sound effects engineer, as well as fashion designer, architecture, and modeling designer). The theater today also relied on various interactive techniques represented in the use of body language and a sign in order to communicate the meaning by forming movements, singing and dancing in order for the recipient to interact
... Show MoreThe service system has become a necessity of life in modern cities to be the most basic necessities of modern humans, they constitute a major base, which is based on the sustainability of life in the city and a standard measured through the degree of well-being and progress of civilized peoples and their interaction with the surrounding environment, making the services sector as a need not be an option, whenever the cities widened in population and space whenever provision of services and upgrading the quality and quantity more pressing, which made the subject of the services takes the biggest area of the trends and thinking of urban planners and those who in charge of drawing the cities policies. Consideri
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