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HER-2/neu overexpression in breast cancer
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Background: In breast carcinoma, amplification &/or over-expression of HER-2/neu has been associated with a group of unfavorable prognostic factors. The Food & Drug Administration Agency approved Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for the therapy of metastatic breast cancer but only in patients with amplification &/or over-expression of this gene. Because of these advances, evaluation of HER-2/neu status in breast cancer specimens is of vital importance.
Patients and methods: thirty eight females with breast carcinoma were included in this study. All histologic sections were stained routinely with the hematoxylin and eosin stains and
immunohistochemically for HER2/neu. All cancers were graded and subcategorized into ductal and lobular carcinomas, with or without an insitu component, and with or without Paget disease. The assessment of HER-2/neu over-expression was quantitated.
Results: Of the twenty four cases of infiltrative duct carcinoma (IDC), HER-2/neu staining was positive in ten (41.7%) cases. None of the fourteen cases of infiltrative lobular carcinoma (ILC)
showed a positive reaction. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in respect to HER2/neu expression between IDC with and without ductal carcinoma in situ (DCI). All cases of IDC with overlying Paget disease (5 cases; 13.2%) were positive for the stain. All grade I cancers were negative for HER-2/neu over-expression, in contradistinction to a positive staining in 41.7% grade II tumors and 62.5% grade III tumors.
Conclusion: there is significant correlation between HER2/neu overexpression and cancer histopathological type. The presence or absence of an in situ component had no effect on the marker overexpression. Significant correlation was observed between HER-2/neu overexpression and higher histological grades of IDC. No correlation was found between the positivity of the marker and axillary lymph node status. Similarly, no association was found with the other variables except the size of tumor. It is recommended that HER-2/neu assessment to be included as a routine test in the screening program of all breast cancer Iraqi patients.

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Low Latency UHD Adaptive Video Bitrate Streaming Based on HEVC Encoder Configurations and Http2 Protocol
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      Applying 4K, (Ultra HD) Real-time video streaming via the internet network, with low bitrate and low latency, is the challenge this paper addresses. Compression technology and transfer links are the important elements that influence video quality. So, to deliver video over the internet or another fixed capacity medium, it is essential to compress the video to more controllable bitrates (customarily in the 1-20 Mbps range). In this study, the video quality is examined using the H.265/HEVC compression standard, and the relationship between quality of video and bitrate flow is investigated using various constant rate factors, GOP patterns, quantization parameters, RC-lookahead, and other types of video motion sequences. The ultra

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Pharmacia
Synthesis, docking study, and structureactivity relationship of novel niflumic acid derivatives acting as anticancer agents by inhibiting VEGFR or EGFR tyrosine kinase activities
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity of Imines derived from Vanillic Acid Conjugated to Heterocyclic
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The purpose of this research is to prepare new vanillic acid derivatives with 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol heterocyclic ring and evaluate their antimicrobial activity in a preliminary assessment. A multistep synthesis was established for the preparation of new vanillic acid-triazole conjugates. The intermediate of 4-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (4) reacts with different heterocyclic aldehydes (thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, thiophene-3-carboxaldehyde, and furfural ) in ethanol containing few drops of acetic acid yielded the corresponding 4-(4-(substituted amino)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-1triazol-3-yl)-2-methoxy phenol derivatives (5-8). These compounds were characterized spectroscopically by

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 09 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
An Overview of Some Plant Based Products With Hepatoprotective Activity
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In folk medicine there are various medicinal amalgamation possessing hepatoprotective activity. This activity is of significance because several toxins cause liver injury. Hence, many pharmaceutical companies are targeting herbal medicines for the treatment of liver abnormalities and towards evolving a safe and effective formulation with desired route of administration. In current review we have focused on the studies showing hepatoprotective effect using marine compounds and plant derived compounds. Liver disorder, a global health problem, usually include acute or chronic hepatitis, heptoses, and cirrhosis. It may be due to toxic chemicals and certain antibiotics. Uncontrolled consumption of alcohol also affects liver in an unhealthy wa

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Unification of Generalized pre-regular closed Sets on Topological Spaces
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      This paper intends to initiate a new type of generalized closed set in topological space with the theoretical application of generalized topological space. This newly defined set is a weaker form than the -closed set as well as -closed set. Some phenomenal characterizations and results of newly defined sets are inculcated in a proper manner. The characteristics of normal spaces and regular spaces are achieved in the light of the generalized pre-regular closed set.

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Publication Date
Sun May 26 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Delineation the effect of saline groundwater on the resistivity of middle part of Dammam Formation southwest of Samawah city, Southern Iraq
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The study area intendes for agricultural investment and establishment stations of water pumping for human use to the nearby areas, southwest of Samawah city. Twelve Two-Dimension (2-D) survey points were performed by using Wenner-Schlumberger array configuration to take the measurements. The inverse models of two survey point appear the effect of the saline groundwater that raises from Rus Formation, which caused a significant reduction in resistivity of the groundwater-bearing zone within middle Dammam Formation along the fault plane.  

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Synthesis of a Series of α, β-Unsaturated Ketoximes and their Corresponding Acetate Esters
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      A series of 1,3-diarylprop-2-en-1-one oximes (7-12) were synthesized via reaction of 1,3-diarylprop-2-en-1-one (1-6) with NH2OH. HCl in dry pyridine. In order to produce the required products (13-18) as anti-isomers, these products (7–12) were then treated with acetic anhydride in dry pyridine. Different substitutes are maintained, resulting in the separation of different products in different yields The recently produced esters are thought to be useful as building blocks for the synthesis of substituted pyridines and many other nitrogen-holding complexes, which are elaborate structures in medicinal chemistry and present in a variety of pharmaceutical medications. The synthesized products were characteriz

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
International Journal For Sciences And Technology
Synthesis and anti-bacterial study of novel compounds with bis (four-, five-, and seven-membered) heterocyclic rings
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New twin compounds having four-, five-, and seven- membered heterocyclic rings were synthesized via Schiff bases (1a,b) which were obtained by the condensation of o-tolidine with two moles of 4- N,N-dimethyl benzaldehyde or 4- chloro benzaldehyde. The reaction of these Schiff bases with two moles of phenyl isothiocyanate, phenyl isocyanate or naphthyl isocyanate as in scheme(1) led to the formation of bis -1,3- diazetidin- 2- thion and bis -1,3- diazetidin -2-one derivatives (2-4 a,b). While in scheme (2) bis imidazolidin-4-one (5a,b) ,bistetrazole (6a,b) and bis thiazolidin-4-one (7a,b) derivatives were produced by reacting the mentioned Schiff bases(1a,b)with two moles of glycine, sodium azide or thioglycolic acid, respectively. The new b

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Publication Date
Sun May 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
A correlation study between hyperthyroidism and some apoptosis markers among Iraqi patients
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This study was carried out in the Center of Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad during the period between October 2019 to February 2020. The aim was to measure the level of some apoptosis markers and some autoimmune antibodies related to the thyroid gland in Iraqi patients with hyperthyroidism and evaluate the correlation between all the measured parameters. The study included 88 patients who were divided into three groups; group 1 included 30 newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism patients (24 females, 6 males); group 2 included  30 patients of hyperthyroidism who were under treatment (28, 2 males); group 3 included 28 healthy individuals as control group (22 females, 6 males).

     Most of the patient's ages

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Spe Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference And Exhibition
Effect of nanoparticles on the interfacial tension of CO2-oil system at high pressure and temperature: An experimental approach
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In the recent decade, injection of nanoparticles (NPs) into underground formation as liquid nanodispersions has been suggested as a smart alternative for conventional methods in tertiary oil recovery projects from mature oil reservoirs. Such reservoirs, however, are strong candidates for carbon geo-sequestration (CGS) projects, and the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) after nanofluid-flooding can add more complexity to carbon geo-storage projects. Despite studies investigating CO2 injection and nanofluid-flooding for EOR projects, no information was reported about the potential synergistic effects of CO2 and NPs on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CGS concerning the interfacial tension (γ) of CO2-oil system. This study thus extensively inves

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