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The Relationship between Family History and C-peptide Level in Type2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Family history of type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by progressive β-cell dysfunction; many investigators have used C peptide levels as a biomarker of β-cell function.

Objective: the current study was design to investigate the impact of family history on biochemical characteristics (c-peptide, HbA1c, lipid profile, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance.

J Fac Med Baghdad

2013; Vol.55, No .3

Received Feb .2013

Accepted July.2013

Subjects and methods: three hundreds patients (152 males 148 females) with type 2 DM were enrolled in this study; and two hundreds individual serves as a control groups (103 male 97 female). The following clinical characteristics were reported: age, sex, waist circumference WC, systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure DBP, family history, body mass index BMI, laboratory analyses included serum c-peptide, blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assay, lipid profile which included serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride(TG), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL). Insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance were calculated from fasting serum glucose (FSG) (mg/dl) and C-peptide (ng/ml) values by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).The statistical analysis was done by SPSS (statistical packagefor social sciences- version 17).

Result: Statistically was observed that highly significant increase in serum C-peptide in patients compared to control group (3.85±1.02 vs 1.53±0.24 p<0.01).The patients with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus had longer diabetes duration, heavier weight, higher levels of TG, LDL-cholesterol, and lowered age, HDL-cholesterol than those without a family history . Also, the presence of a family history of diabetes was associated with lower levels of fasting plasma C-peptide (3.01± 1.78 vs 4.95±1.82, p<0.05). Serum C-peptide had a significant negative correlation with family history and duration of diabetes. Furthermore, C-peptide was inversely correlated with HbA1c, and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S). On the other hand, C-peptide correlated positively with BMI, DBP, LDL-cholesterol, TG, insulin resistance HOMA-IR, and insulin secretion HOMA-B. As well as, C-peptide did not show significant correlation with age, FSG, and TC. When the multiple linear analysis was executed with C-peptide as dependent variable with other independent variable (BMI, duration, family history, HOMA-IR, HOMA-S, and HOMA-B) there were significant result with this variables. The person correlation analyses to identify the parameters that most closely related with diabetic duration according to family history of diabetes; which showed that diabetic duration had a significant negative correlation with C-peptide, and HOMA-B only in patients with family history of Type2 DM (-0.126, and -0.229) respectively.

Conclusion: the current study suggested that subjects with a family history of diabetes mellitus are predisposed to develop this disease earlier. Although, serum C-peptide increased significantly in diabetics group compared with controls, and C-peptide decreased in patients with family history of diabetes. In addition, the results showed that family history of type2 diabetic patients is thought to have a deep impact on duration of the disease, lipid profile, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, and this may lead to higher prevalence of diabetic complication compared to patients without family history. These results support the necessity of earlier screening for diabetes in family members of T2DM patients and prevention the complications of the disease.

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Create sustainable value to the customer through the integration of the relationship between total quality management and relationship marketing

Purpose: This research seeks to provide a point of view based on the creation of sustainable value to the customer of the banks in the context of total quality management and relationship marketing. It aims to develop a model to measure the value of sustainable customer peduncular under total quality management PAL (administrative leadership, involvement of employees, continuous improvement, process improvement, staff training), through the mediation of relationship marketing and objective dimensions (administrative leadership, involvement of employees, continuous improvement, improving processes , staff training), and to explore any of the variables and dimensions more influential in the creation of sustainable value to the cust

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Relationship Between Hyperglycemia and the Rheumatoid Factor in the Serum of Diabetic Patients

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between two most common diseases in Iraqis patients , which are Diabetic mellitus (DM) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA); seeking rheumatoid factor in hyperglycemic sera. The results revealed that ; 62.5% of hyperglycemic (HG) patients had positive rheumatoid factor (RF) . No difference in number between both gender of HG patients (20 males and 20 females ) , RF reaction was nearly similar in males and females of HG patients ( 12 &13 respectively ) . Only 40% out of patient controls had positive RF . None of the apparently healthy subjects had positive RF .

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis the Causal Relationship between Oil Exports and Economic Growth in Iraq

The oil exports play a vital role in supporting economic development and raise the economic growth. The oil exports can increase the economic growth via three main channels which are supporting the productive, distributive and service sectors; increasing the investment and capital formation; and increasing the employment rate.

However, the oil exports did not have an important role in increasing the economic growth in Iraq. Therefore, it also did not provide the required support to other economic sectors, neither participated in increase the employees’ skills nor increase the investment rate. It may slightly contribute in enhancement the infrastructure that can attract the public and private investments

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The relationship between the gap of knowledge and the strategic performance gap

Address the intellectual controversy nature of the gap of knowledge and the strategic performance gap. The researcher start off from this intellectual controversy to seek to test the nature of the relationship and impact between them across a sample of (61) academics in the colleges of business and economics at the universities in Baghdad ,as the more specialized in the fields of knowledge and the strategic performance, The researcher is attain to the existence of relationship and impact of knowledge gap in strategic performance gap, the research included four axes first went to the methodology and second to theoretical frame and the third to view and analyze the results and test hypotheses while the fourth was devoted to the con

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The nature of the relationship between the states and the union in the United States of America

Knowing the nature of the relationship in federal systems lies in studying the political, social, economic and cultural forces, for their role in laying the foundations and the federal system. No matter how important the pillars of that system are, and through this research, we will learn how the political elites were able to crystallize this unique system, until it became one of the political systems that some countries seek to copy and apply its experience.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
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Publication Date
Sun Apr 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
The relationship between obesity and plasma level of factor V and fibrinogen

Background:  Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it has an adverse effect on health. . It measured by BMI (body mass index), obesity is considered when the BMI is ≥ 30 kg/m2. It increases the risk of coronary heart disease, Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer. Chronic inflammation and impaired fibrinolysis in obesity may induce thrombosis.

Aim of study: assess the effect of BMI (body mass index) on plasma level of Factor V and fibrinogen in obese and normal weight subjects.

Methods: This study was started on December 2015 and completed on June 2016, and included 51 obese attended alyarmouk Teaching Hospital. As well 2

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Prevalence of BRCA1 Oncogen Expression in Breast Cancer Specimens of Patients with Positive Family History

Background: Breast cancer is the leading female cancer worldwide and in Iraq .Some mutations, particularly in BRCA1, significantly increase the risk of the disease.
Objectives: To demonstrate the frequency of BRCA1 in a group of high risk women with “positive family history’’ of breast cancer; correlating the immune expression of BRCA1 with some parameters of known prognostic significance.
Patients and Methods: Eighty-two female patients diagnosed with breast cancer (50 familial and 32 non familial) were included in the study .The mean age of the patients was 48.07. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the BRCA1 oncogene expression, Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Her 2 neu contents of the tumors.<

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 10 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Instructional Intervention on Medical and Health Information of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional intervention
about medical and health knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus type II.
Methodology: A Quasi- experimental study was carried out in National Center for Diabetes Mellitus/ Almustansria
University, started from 4th January 2012, to 1st April 2012. Non-probability (purposive sample) of (50) diabetes
mellitus type II, who visit National Center for Diabetes Mellitus/ Almustansria University. The study sample is
divided equally into (25) study and (25) control groups. The study group received the instructional intervention.
While the control not exposed to the instructional intervention. The data are coll

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Assessment of Preventive Foot Care Practices among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Background: Diabetic foot problems are one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus
which causing a worldwide high cost morbidity which could be due to poor self-practices.
Objectives: To assess the preventive food care practices among diabetic patients and to find out any
significant association of these practices with selected socio-demographical and diabetic related
characteristics.
Patients and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Baquba city from the
period of 20th Septembers, 2016 up to 20th March, 2017, by selecting a sample of (120) patients by
using a structured questionnaire, the questionnaire composed of three parts, the first part contains
information related to

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