Background:
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumorigensis; several reports have described a significant increase in microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal carcinogenesis There are
several methods to measure the angiogenesis in neoplasms, but immunohitochemistry seems to be the mainstay of all. This method enable us to measure the tumor microvessel densities highlighted by using antibodies directed against endothelial cell markers like CD31,CD34 or others; then assessment of MVD by manual count of the number of microvessels in what appears to be the most vascular area of the tumor(called the hot spot) using a protocol described by Weidner et al.Automated cellular imaging system is used to analyze
immunohistochemically stained slides .studies have shown that the device offers accurate precision and reproducibility of immunostained slide analysis exceeding that possible with
manual evaluation which was the prevalent method.
Aims of the study:
To assess the angiogenesis in normal, adenomatous (benign) and malignant colorectal tissues using CD34 and the microvessels will be measured both manually by hot spot
method as the MVD and by the use of computerized image analysis system as fraction area ,we correlate between microvessels density and fraction area with various
clinicopathological parameters in colorectal cancer (CRC), and to a compare between the results which obtained from both methods.
Methods:
Paraffin embedded archival materials from 50 cases including three normal resection (non tumoruos) margins, 12 benign colonic lesions and 35 colonic adenocarcinoma were
used . 5mm section were cut and they were stained by anti CD34 antibody Angiogenesis was measured as MVD by two methods : manually by light microscope and by a computer
image analysis system (as fraction area). Then the MVD and fraction area were correlated with different clinicopathological parameters.
Results :
This study demonstrate that there is a statistical difference in MVD and fraction area in both hot spot method and CIAS respectively between benign and malignant tumors . P value
< 0.05 in hot spot method and less than 0.001 in CIAS and there was highly significant correlation between MVD and fraction area with the grade . There was significant increase
in MVD and fraction area from well differentiated to moderately differentiated and to poorly differentiated .There was no significant correlation between MVD and lymph node
involvement by hot spot method but CIAS proved a significant correlation between fraction area and lymph node involvement.Both methods (hot spot and CIAS) proved no
significant correlation with age , sex , size of the tumor , site of the tumor , stage of the tumor and the number of lymph node involverment.
Noor oil field is one of smallest fields in Missan province. Twelve well penetrates the Mishrif Formation in Noor field and eight of them were selected for this study. Mishrif formation is one of the most important reservoirs in Noor field and it consists of one anticline dome and bounded by the Khasib formation at the top and the Rumaila formation at the bottom. The reservoir was divided into eight units separated by isolated units according to partition taken by a rounding fields.
In this paper histograms frequency distribution of the porosity, permeability, and water saturation were plotted for MA unit of Mishrif formation in Noor field, and then transformed to the normal distribution by applying the Box-Cox transformation alg
... Show More197 vaginal swabs were collected from women of different ages. (60) Isolates of Candida albicans (30.4%) were obtained, and the other species of Candida represent (18.27%). Bacterial infections showed (41.11%), and infection with Trichomonas vaginalis was (2.03%). Ten isolates of C. albicans were chosen randomly for farther study which include two virulence factors tendency of adhesion wich showed a percentage of (52%) to(32%) , and the ability to produce phospholipaze enzyme and it’s activity which showed (50%) of the isolates have the ability to produce the enzyme in different degrees .
The deterioration of buried sewers during their lifetime can be affected by several factors leading to bad performance and can damage the infrastructure similar to other engineering structures. The Hydraulic deterioration of the buried sewers caused by sewer blockages while the structural deterioration caused by sewer collapses due to sewer specifications and the surrounding soil characteristics and the groundwater level. The main objective of this research is to develop deterioration models, which are used to predict changes in sewer condition that can provide assessment tools for determining the serviceability of sewer networks in Baghdad city. Two deterioration models were developed and tested using statistical software SPSS, the
... Show MoreThe background subtraction is a leading technique adopted for detecting the moving objects in video surveillance systems. Various background subtraction models have been applied to tackle different challenges in many surveillance environments. In this paper, we propose a model of pixel-based color-histogram and Fuzzy C-means (FCM) to obtain the background model using cosine similarity (CS) to measure the closeness between the current pixel and the background model and eventually determine the background and foreground pixel according to a tuned threshold. The performance of this model is benchmarked on CDnet2014 dynamic scenes dataset using statistical metrics. The results show a better performance against the state-of the art
... Show MoreThe transfer function model the basic concepts in the time series. This model is used in the case of multivariate time series. As for the design of this model, it depends on the available data in the time series and other information in the series so when the representation of the transfer function model depends on the representation of the data In this research, the transfer function has been estimated using the style nonparametric represented in two method local linear regression and cubic smoothing spline method The method of semi-parametric represented use semiparametric single index model, With four proposals, , That the goal of this research is comparing the capabilities of the above mentioned m
... Show More(Use of models of game theory in determining the policies to maximize profits for the Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola in the province of Baghdad)
Due to the importance of the theory of games especially theories of oligopoly in the study of the reality of competition among companies or governments and others the researcher linked theories of oligopoly to Econometrics to include all the policies used by companies after these theories were based on price and quantity only the researcher applied these theories to data taken from Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola In Baghdad Steps of the solution where stated for the models proposed and solutions where found to be balance points is for the two companies according to the princi
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