In this work, the technique of attenuation of gamma ray to calculate the density of comet nucleus materials (C/2009 P1 (GARRADD) at different range of energy (0.2- 0.9 MeV). also, the single scattering model for gamma rays has been assumed that photons reaching the detector with scattered only once in the material. The program has been designed and written in FORTRAN language (77 – 90) to calculate the density for molecules using Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the scattering and absorption of photons in semi- infinite material. Gamma ray interacts with the matter by three mainly interactions: Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and Pair production (electron and positron). On the 137Cs source energy (662 keV), Compton scattering is the dominant interaction. at energies below about 150 keV the Photoelectric effect is significant , While Pair production occurs at energies above twice the electron rest mass energy (1.022 MeV). Both these processes have mass attenuation coefficients that are heavily dependent on elemental composition, which is why only those source energies within the "Compton window" are useful for densitometry. The calculation of our results of the density were compared with the real density and the comparison is very good.
Inelastic longitudinal electron scattering C2 form factor in 48Ca has been utilized
to study the effects of fitting parameters on the sigma meson exchange type
potentials as a residual interaction. By coupling the core particles with model space
particle, where the latter used as an active part of residual interaction in the so called
core polarization process, it is included as a correction with first order perturbation
theory to the main calculation of model space, and the excitation energy has been
carried out with ( ). A model space wave vectors are generated in full fp shell
model with FPD6 as effective interaction with mixing configuration technique and
harmonic oscillator as a single particle wave function.
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The quadrupole moment of 14B exotic nucleus has been calculated using configuration mixing shell model with limiting number of orbital's in the model space. The core- polarization effects, are included through a microscopic theory which considers a particle-hole excitations from the core and the model space orbits into the higher orbits with 6ħω excitations using M3Y interaction. The simple harmonic oscillator potential is used to generate the single particle wave functions. Large basis no-core shell model with (0+2)ћω truncation is used for 14B nucleus. The effective charges for the protons and neutrons were calculated su |
The elastic transverse electron scattering form factors have been studied for the 11Li nucleus using the Two- Frequency Shell Model (TFSM) approach. The single-particle wave functions of harmonic-oscillator (HO) potential are used with two different oscillator parameters bcore and bhalo. According to this model, the core nucleons of 9Li nucleus are assumed to move in the model space of spsdpf. The outer halo (2-neutron) in 11Li is assumed to move in the pure 1p1/2, 1d5/2, 2s1/2 orbit. The shell model calculations are carried ou
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Quality control is an effective statistical tool in the field of controlling the productivity to monitor and confirm the manufactured products to the standard qualities and the certified criteria for some products and services and its main purpose is to cope with the production and industrial development in the business and competitive market. Quality control charts are used to monitor the qualitative properties of the production procedures in addition to detecting the abnormal deviations in the production procedure. The multivariate Kernel Density Estimator control charts method was used which is one of the nonparametric methods that doesn’t require any assumptions regarding the distribution o
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The largest use of x-ray in medical by dentists, employers or persons that needed by patients with specific conditions, lead to higher exposure of x-ray that may cause many diseases. In the present work radiography films have been used in evaluating the efficiency of using unsaturated polyester polymer reinforced with lead oxide (PbO) as shield material for medical x-ray devices, many parameters studied like concentration and thickness that they are increasing the attenuation of x-ray in them. The results show that the attenuation of X-ray increasing with concentration of reinforced material and with thickness, and the optical density decreases with increasing concentration from 0% to 50%, we chose 30% as suitable concentration to increase
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The aim of this work is to evaluate concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclide in nine different samples of condiments from local markets. The concentrations of 238 U , 232 Th ,40k and 137Cs were measured by using gamma spectroscopy with a high- purity germanium detector. The concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th ,40k and 137Cs were found to be in a range of (21.4 - 91.13), (15.7 - 88.11) , (285.56 – 1100) and (5.1 - 27.5) Bq.kg-1 respectively. These concentrations are not hazardous to public health and the activities are within the allowed levels
Inelastic longitudinal electron scattering form factors to 2+ and 4+ states in 65Cu nucleus has been calculated in the (2p3/2 1f 5/2 2p1/2) shell model space with the F5PVH effective interaction. The harmonic oscillator potential has been applied to calculate the wave functions of radial single-particle matrix elements. Two shell model codes, CP and NUSHELL are used to obtain results. The form factor of inelastic electron scattering to 1/21−, 1/22−, 3/22−, 3/23−, 5/21−, 5/22− and 7/2- states and finding the transition probabilities B (C2) (in units of e2 fm4) for these transitions and B (C4) (in units of e2 fm8) for the transition 7/2-, and comparing them with experimental data. Both the form factors and reduced transition pr
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In this study used three methods such as Williamson-hall, size-strain Plot, and Halder-Wagner to analysis x-ray diffraction lines to determine the crystallite size and the lattice strain of the nickel oxide nanoparticles and then compare the results of these methods with two other methods. The results were calculated for each of these methods to the crystallite size are (0.42554) nm, (1.04462) nm, and (3.60880) nm, and lattice strain are (0.56603), (1.11978), and (0.64606) respectively were compared with the result of Scherrer method (0.29598) nm,(0.34245),and the Modified Scherrer (0.97497). The difference in calculated results Observed for each of these methods in this study.
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Inelastic longitudinal electron scattering form factors for second
excited state C42 in 42Ti nucleus have been calculated using shell
model theory. Fp shell model space with configuration (1f7/2 2p3/2
1f5/2 2p1/2) has been adopted in order to distribute the valence
particles (protons and neutrons) outside an inert core 40Ca. Modern
model space effective interactions like FPD6 and GXPF1 have been
used to generate model space vectors and harmonic oscillator wave
function as a single particle wave function. Discarder space (core
orbits + higher orbits) has been included in (core polarization effect)
as a first order correction in microscopic theory to measure the
interested multipole form factors via the model
n this study, data or X-ray images Fixable Image Transport System (FITS) of objects were analyzed, where energy was collected from the body by several sensors; each sensor receives energy within a specific range, and when energy was collected from all sensors, the image was formed carrying information about that body. The images can be transferred and stored easily. The images were analyzed using the DS9 program to obtain a spectrum for each object,an energy corresponding to the photons collected per second. This study analyzed images for two types of objects (globular and open clusters). The results showed that the five open star clusters contain roughly t
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