This study is based on samples taken from one of the main branches of Tigris River; Gharaf River, at Kut Barrage in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. It aimes to study the quantity and quality of the mollusca Invertebrates; furthermore. The study evaluates the molluscan biodiversity of the rivers by using appropriate biodiversity indexes. Thus, the first of its kind study in the evaluation of the diversity of mollusc in Gharaf River assemblage. Monthly samples were collected randomly from the river mud, for 12 months, from January till December 2016. During the collection process; 5 stations on the river were chosen for sampling with 10(±1) Km distance between each of the stations, including Wasit Governorate. The study showed the presence of 20 Molluscs species were recorded for the first time in Gharaf River. In terms of population density, the annual average for Molluscs was 686.34 Ind./m2 . Relative Abundance Index (Ra) showed that Melanoid tuberculate, Physa acuta and Lymnaea auricularia was less abundant species in Gharaf River. According to the Constancy Index (S) Corbicula fluminalis, M. tuberculata, M. nodosa, Theodoxus jordani, L. auricularia and Physa acuta considered as constancy species in Gharaf’s environment. The highest recorded values of the Species Richness index were 0.0303, while the lowest values were a complete absence (zero). Regarding Jaccard Presence-Community, the results demonstrated that the highest similarity percentage between mollusca communities in Gharraf River was between stations 3 and 5, recorded at 66.66%. In the case of the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H), the diversity values in Gharaf peaked at 7.819 bit/Ind. and a complete absence (zero) at its lowest point. However, the Species Uniformity Index (E) results revealed the highest uniformity values was 1, while, the lowest values were complete absence (zero).
This Paper aims to plan the production of the electrical distribution converter (400 KV/11) for one month at Diyala Public Company and with more than one goal for the decision-maker in a fuzzy environment. The fuzzy demand was forecasting using the fuzzy time series model. The fuzzy lead time for raw materials involved in the production of the electrical distribution converter (400 KV/11) was addressed using the fuzzy inference matrix through the application of the matrix in Matlab, and since the decision-maker has more than one goal, so a mathematical model of goal programming was create, which aims to achieve two goals, the first is to reduce the total production costs of the electrical distribution converter (400 KV/11) and th
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The design of components subjected to contact stress as local compressive stress is important in engineering application especially in ball and socket Joining. Two kinds of contact stress are introduced in the ball and socket joint, the first is from normal contact while the other is from sliding contact. Although joining two long links (drive shaft in steering cars) will cause the effect of flexural and tensional buckling stress in hollow columns through the ball and socket ends on the failure condition of the joining mechanism. In this paper the consideration of the combined effect of buckling Load and contact stress on the ball and socket joints have been taken, epically on the stress distribution in the contact area. Different
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This study deals with the influence of the industrial buyer behavior in Channels of distribution. It concentrates on one section of management levels in the company. Which is that of administrative managers The research problem is attempt to study and analysis the influence of industrial buyer behavior in channels of distribution.. The aiming at achieving a number of applicable goals depending on one major hypotheses I set a questionnaire in collecting the data and information relating to the study، which was distributed to sample of ( 30) department manager heads of section states company . In order to process the data resorted to many statistical methods such as arithmetic means the sta
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A number of aqueous samples were collected from river Tigris in Baghdad city, enriched ~1000 times using solid phase extraction (SPE), then extracted the trace concentrations of some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of 1Methylpyridinium chloride [MePy]Cl and KH2PO4 salt. High performance liquid chromatography technique coupled with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) is used for the quantification. Extraction under the optimized conditions of pH, solvent composition, duration and temperature has given with a yield of PCB about 91%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for analyses are 0.11-0.62 µg.L−1 and 2.67–3.43 µg.L−1 respectively with relative stan
... Show MoreTench is a cyprinid fish that has undergone human-induced translocations. The natural populations of the species are on the decline due to habitat loss and spawning grounds degradation. The genetic diversity of seven natural populations was investigated to establish the genetic knowledge base for successful conservation efforts and for selective breeding. Twelve microsatellite markers, the sequencing of a 615 bp section of mtDNA (Cytb) and PCR-RFLP analysis of two nuclear markers (Act) and (RpS7) were used to analyze the genetic variation and structure among 175 individuals. All microsatellite loci were found to have moderate levels of polymorphism. The pairwise Fst values between population pairings were moderate; the populations w
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The research aims at the relationship between Servant leadership dimensions test as an independent variable and an organizational trust as a variable dependent. Thus it was necessary to answer the following question: Is there a correlation relationship and impact between Servant leadership dimensions and organizational trust? To investigate the contents of the answer, the researcher selected a group of employees in Oil Products Distribution Company / Baghdad. The researcher adopted the analytical descriptive approach in completing his research which dealt with a random sample of (190) individuals representing the research society out of the total number of (376) person from the middle and high Leaders. Depending
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In this paper, we investigate the behavior of the bayes estimators, for the scale parameter of the Gompertz distribution under two different loss functions such as, the squared error loss function, the exponential loss function (proposed), based different double prior distributions represented as erlang with inverse levy prior, erlang with non-informative prior, inverse levy with non-informative prior and erlang with chi-square prior.
The simulation method was fulfilled to obtain the results, including the estimated values and the mean square error (MSE) for the scale parameter of the Gompertz distribution, for different cases for the scale parameter of the Gompertz distr
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Suitability of groundwater for irrigation depends upon many constrains factors, these factors depend upon the dissolved salts during the flow of the recharge of the groundwater beside the aquifer constituents itself, from these factors (EC, SO4-2, Cl-, Na%, and SAR) .The spatial distribution of each constrain factor may show discrepancy from the another, so it is not possible to depend upon one factor. The aim of this work is to present a classification of the groundwater quality for agriculture including all the mentioned five factors, by using Arc GIS which provides tools to serve a purpose to create conceptual model for solving spatial problems. A set of conceptual steps used to build a model for suitability map of groundwater for irr
... Show MoreDifferences in transversal sections and activities of geomorphological operations led to forming geomorphological shapes as river turns and river isles in watercourse in the area of study. The study showed three river turns that are Sindia turn with length 4723m, turn wave 3599 average width 267.6, Zanbour turn length 11374m, turn wave 7110 average width 307.5m,and Dojama turn with length 5876m, turn wave 4982m average width 313.4m. This difference is caused by the activity of erosion and sedimentation that led to the appearance of the length rivers turn.
The study showed that the turn of Dojama is the only corresponding turn, whereas the phenomena of corresponding never appeared in other turns in the area of study. The study also sho