The Tigris River is one of the longest rivers in Western Asia and runs through heavily populated areas, especially in Kut and Amara Cities, with nearly 8 million inhabitants. Due to the climatic change and altering the upstream hydrological conditions along the Tigris River, its discharge has severely declined in the last decade, combined with the climate change impact. Hence, studying the impact of climate change on the river and decreasing the annual flow is vital to understand their effect on the river water quality between Kut and Amara sites. The data of this study covers annual flow conditions of the Tigris River, the total dissolved solids (TDS), and the main ions on monthly bases for the period 2005-2010 for the two sites: Kut and Amara. These data were used to establish the relationships between water discharge (m3/sec) with total dissolved solids (mg/l) and main cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+) and anions (Cl‾, SO42, HCO3‾). The Climatological data for 1980-2020 show that the annual rainfall values for Kut and Amara sites range between 301-577 mm and 69-200 mm respectively. The annual mean minimum temperature of the Kut ranges between15.7-18.8Co. For Amara, it ranges between 16.6-20.7 Co. It is noticed that the rainfall values of both sites decreased over time, and the temperature is constantly increasing due to the climate change effects over the years. The average annual flow of the Tigris River at Kut site ranged from 13 to 367 m3/sec with an average of 233.2 m3/sec, and for Amara ranged between 22 and 101 m3/sec with an average of 50.2 m3/sec. The mean annual TDS ranged from 466 to 1150 mg/l, with an average mean annual 758.30 mg/l for Kut station. For Amara, it is ranged between 634 and 2075 mg/l with an average of 1168.61 mg/l. The decrease in the Tigris River discharge affects the chemistry. Calcium, magnesium, and sulfate ions in Kut station are dominated. While at Amara, sodium and sulfate ions are dominant. Such variation is related to the decrease in the Tigris River discharge and the effect of the dissolution of ions from the geological outcrops by the action of natural waters. Moreover, the entry of the transported dissolved load, the city’s sewage, and the agricultural lands’ water that flows into the river increase as the transportation distance increase from Kut to Amara.
Different concentrations prepared 2,4,8,16,32 ppt from flow water to Shatt-Alarab
by adding Chlorella vulgares and Navicual busiedtii as alone for each
concentration. The results showed that the concentrations of salinity reduced to 0,
1.78, 9.45, 15 ppt after 10 days, with removed percentage 100, 100, 77.75, 40.93,
37.12 % respectively for Chlorella vulgares the cell numbers of Chlorella vulgares
reached to 58.123, 60.123, 69.712, 37.234, 30.546 ×104/ml comparing with the
control 55.652 ×104/ml while the absorbability of salinity reached to 0.378, 0.391,
0.489, 0.231, and 0.192 nm comparing with 0.342 as control. The external cell wall
of Chlorella vulgares was swelling at 32 ppt. the removal percentage of sali
Five subsurface sections covering the entire length of the Jeribe Limestone Formation (Early Middle Miocene) were studied from four oilfields in northern Iraq. It is hoped to unravel this formation microfacies ; depositional environment; diagenetic attributes and their parental processes; and the relationship between these processes and the observed porosity patterns. The microfacies were found to include mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone, which have been deposited respectively in open platform, restricted platform, and edge platform which represent the lagoonal environment, while the deposits of the lower parts of the Jeribe formation especially in well Hamrin- 2 reflect a deeper fore slope environment. By using the lithofac
... Show Morethe financial resources represent a basic factor of production ;It is obvious that the housing sector needs the resources to finance the building operation to produce all the housing units. Finance is the cornerstone of any housing strategy , as its successes dependent on the success of the financing methods and the creation of charnels and effective methods for the provision of the required finances for both individuals and instantly concerned with the production of housing units. The kinds of financial institutions vary from one country to another according to the nature of the economic and financial system. The lending conditions also vary as well as the capital cost of the housing units needed The housing operations is concer
... Show MoreRepresenting banking supervision An important function performed by the Iraqi Central Bank, in order to achieve stability in the financial and banking system, and safeguard the rights of depositors, investors and other targets, and to realize the Iraqi Central Bank banking supervision actors on banks, there must be an awareness of regulatory bank's existing control and subject them, as well as the role of banking oversight interested in spreading this awareness.
So sought search to find out the role played by the Iraqi Central Bank in raising awareness of the regulatory banking between the parties to the regulatory process, through the presentation and analysis of the legal framework for banking supervision and awareness supervisory
The current study aimed to isolate and diagnose Candida spp yeasts that cause candidiasis with a PCR device from patients reviewed for some hospitals in Baghdad city and by 190 samples, the study recorded 123 isolates and the total percentage of infection was 64.7% .Samples were taken from different clinical cases of the vagina, blood and mouth and the Candida spp were (70.37%, 41.26%, 86.95%) respectively. Five types of yeasts were isolated and diagnosed, namely C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C.glabarta. They were confirmed by PCR device and the most notable were yeast C. albicans, where 91 isolates were found, 73.98%, while the lowest infection was recorded. C.glabartawith 3 isolates, at 2.43%, significant diff
... Show MoreBackground: Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) occurs in the presence of chronic infection, inflammatory conditions or neoplastic conditions despite of adequate iron and vitamins storage. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingiva, periodontitis is the inflammation in the periodontium that extend deeper with loss of connective tissue attachment and supporting bone. The main pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and ACD is immune activation. Aims of study: Determine and compare the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)). Evaluate the hematocrit (Hct) level, red blood cells (RBCs) count and white blood cells (WBCs) c
... Show MoreWater samples were collected from output of water for Al-Wahda plant where located in al-karrada area in Baghdad city to study water contamination with bacteria, fungi and Algae. The study lasted one year started on August, 2016 to July,2017.Results were acquired according to two tests performed, the first is biological test included total coliform,E.coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, total fungi, Diatom and non Diatom Algae and the second is physiochemical test included temperature, turbidity and residual chlorine. The results of bacteria were within the permitted specification in the Iraqi standards no. 14/2270 for the year 2015 except August was exceeded the permitted standard for total coliform, it was 1.1< cell/100 ml.Total Fungi, Dia
... Show MoreSovereign wealth funds have attracted the attention of the governments of the oil and non-oil countries alike, with a variation of the size of those funds to those states, based on the size of the financial surpluses resulting from Alriadat oil or foreign reserves, or state revenues for other sovereign assets. Raj use these funds remarkably during the financial crises the world has seen, including the crisis of 2008-2007., And Iraq is a oil-producing countries, which has the third largest reserves of crude oil (Crude Oil) at the level of the Arab world and of 140 300)) million barrels after Saudi Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the fourth reserves of crude oil in the world after issued Venezuela to the reserve
... Show MoreThe widespread house sparrow Passer domesticus biblicus has a close association with humans and inhabits almost all ecosystems near human settlements in Iraq. It is exposed to different kinds of parasites in its habitats. Examining of house sparrow for the cestode parasites revealed that 25 specimens of 56 were infected with Raillietina echinobothrida. Intensity among infected male and female hosts with this cestode and its description is provided and discussed. The present finding constitutes the first record for this parasite in house sparrow in Iraq.