Internet of Vehicle (IoV) is one of the most basic branches of the Internet of Things (IoT), which provides many advantages for drivers and passengers to ensure safety and traffic efficiency. Most IoV applications are delay-sensitive and require resources for data storage and computation that cannot be afforded by vehicles. Thus, such tasks are always offloaded to more powerful nodes, like cloud or fog. Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC), which extends cloud computing and brings resources closer to the edge of the network, has the potential to reduce both traffic congestion and load on the cloud. Resources management and allocation process is very critical for satisfying both user and provider needs. However, the strategy of task offloading to fog node in constraints of energy and latency is still an open issue. Several research works have tackled the resource scheduling problem in the field of VFC; however, the recent studies have not carefully addressed the transmission path to the destination node, nor has it considered the energy consumption of vehicles. This paper aims to optimize the task offloading process in the VFC system in terms of latency and energy objectives while taking the deadline constraint into considerations by adopting a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA). Four different execution/transmission models are proposed where vehicle resources are utilized for tasks execution and transmission, and the well-known Dijkstra's algorithm is adopted to find the minimum path between each two nodes. The simulation results show that the models which involve the vehicles in the transmission process have reduced the latency and the total energy for the VFC system significantly in comparison with other models and the current state of the art methods.
