The hiding of information has become of great importance in recent times. With dissemination through the internet, and communication through satellites, information needs to be secure. Therefore, a new algorithm is proposed that enables secret messages to be embedded inside satellite images, wherein images of any size or format can be hidden, using a system’s image compression techniques. This operation is executed in three main steps: first phase – the original image is converted into a raster image; second phase– steganography, in which a binary secret message is hidden inside a raster image, using a 4×4 array as the secret key; and third phase– compression of the stego-image raster in L2 and L3 using a 2-D wavelet packet. The outcome is a highly efficient algorithm, which can rapidly conceal information inside transmitted satellite images, thus guarding against revealing information to potential cyber-attackers.
The multiplicity of connotations in any paper does not mean that there is no main objective for that paper and certainly one of these papers is our research the main objective is to introduce a new connotation which is type-2 fuzzy somewhere dense set in general type-2 fuzzy topological space and its relationship with open sets of the connotation type-2 fuzzy set in the same space topology and theories of this connotation.
The conjugate coefficient optimal is the very establishment of a variety of conjugate gradient methods. This paper proposes a new class coefficient of conjugate gradient (CG) methods for impulse noise removal, which is based on the quadratic model. Our proposed method ensures descent independent of the accuracy of the line search and it is globally convergent under some conditions, Numerical experiments are also presented for the impulse noise removal in images.
The absorption spectrum for three types of metal ions in different concentrations has been studying experimentally and theoretically. The examination model is by Gaius model in order to find the best fitting curve and the equation controlled with this behavior. The three metal ions are (Copper chloride Cu+2, Iron chloride Fe+3, and Cobalt chloride Co+2) with different concentrations (10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7) gm/m3. The spectroscopic study included UV-visible and fluorescence spectrum for all different concentrations sample. The results refer to several peaks that appear from the absorption spectrum in the high concentration of all metal ions solution.
... Show MoreIn modern hydraulic control systems, the trend in hydraulic power applications is to improve efficiency and performance. “Proportional valve” is generally applied to pressure, flow and directional-control valves which continuously convert a variable input signal into a smooth and proportional hydraulic output signal. It creates a variable resistance (orifice) upstream and downstream of a hydraulic actuator, and is meter in/meter out circuit and hence pressure drop, and power losses are inevitable. If velocity (position) feedback is used, flow pattern control is possible. Without aforementioned flow pattern, control is very “loose” and relies on “visual” feed back by the operator. At this point, we should examine how this valv
... Show MoreAlpha shape theory for 3D visualization and volumetric measurement of brain tumor progression using magnetic resonance images
The use of remote sensing technologies was gained more attention due to an increasing need to collect data for the environmental changes. Satellite image classification is a relatively recent type of remote sensing uses satellite imagery to indicate many key environment characteristics. This study aims at classifying and extracting vacant lands from high resolution satellite images of Baghdad city by supervised Classification tool in ENVI 5.3 program. The classification accuracy was 15%, which can be regarded as fairly acceptable given the difficulty of differentiating vacant land surfaces from other surfaces such as roof tops of buildings.
This paper presents a study of a syndrome coding scheme for different binary linear error correcting codes that refer to the code families such as BCH, BKLC, Golay, and Hamming. The study is implemented on Wyner’s wiretap channel model when the main channel is error-free and the eavesdropper channel is a binary symmetric channel with crossover error probability (0 < Pe ≤ 0.5) to show the security performance of error correcting codes while used in the single-staged syndrome coding scheme in terms of equivocation rate. Generally, these codes are not designed for secure information transmission, and they have low equivocation rates when they are used in the syndrome coding scheme. Therefore, to improve the transmiss
... Show More