After the democratic transformation in 2003 in Iraq, young people waited a lot to take their real opportunity to participate in politics, but most of the laws regulating political and electoral work have been unfair to young people, despite developments in laws and legislation, but opportunities did not allow young people to participate in politics, which was reflected It negatively affected their participation in voting and nomination, and even their assumption of public office and positions, which is why they complained about the ruling class and the political system through protests, or when they refused to vote, and this is reflected in the recent parliamentary elections and low participation rates

This research aims at investigating pupils’ ability in using discourse markers which are identified in the English textbooks of secondary schools. Four texts are chosen from third intermediate class. The four texts are short stories of different topics.                                                  

        This research hypothesizes that there are no statistical significant differences among Iraqi intermediate pupils’ ability in using textual

Abstract:

     The use of economic resources enjoyed Iraq by especially oil resources, which constitute the main source of financial revenue, would the economic surplus outside the oil sector increases by mobilizing and rallying the labor power and turn it into an access capitalism, , was the cause of "the inaction of the productive sectors of the economy, made the investment planning process and even investment in human capital was not rationality with the increasing number of unemployed, particularly certificates and specializations high campaign, direction of the government towards market liberalism after 2003 through the, was focused not follow a clear economic policies, and the absence of planning

The cities are not yet a temporal status in the process of the human and civilization development. The cities consider as a life pattern, this mean that people cannot live without cities, which surround us. Several phenomena like globalization, revolution of information, technical development, increased of consumption, do not confirmed without the living in cities. The urbanization – in its simple meaning – means transferring from rural community to city community. In other word, it means that socioeconomic changes happened subject to the patterns and conditions of the urban life. Each government depend a certain policy, this policy contains set of plans and programs, that targeting to affect the population factors and the st

Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms . They are a large family of compounds synthesized by plants in addition to the bacteria, fungi, and animals,  they often have pharmacological effects. The aim of this study is to isolate and identified alkaloids in a newly studied, wild Iraqi plant named

Over the last two decades, several sustainability assessment methods have developed as key accelerators for the development and improvement of sustainable industrial buildings. Some of these systems, like as LEED or BREEAM, are considered international, whereas others, such as Pearl Rating Systems (PRS), are local. Although they all share similar goals, they can lead to the construction of green buildings or the improvement of the efficiency of existing conventional buildings. Each technique has its structure, certification process, and weighting norms. The inequalities have prompted various questions about whether global assessment systems appropriately consider the country’s national settings. This study aims to compare the Pear

Time-domain spectral matching commonly used to define seismic inputs to dynamic analysis in terms of acceleration time history compatible with a specific target response spectrum is used in this study to investigate the second-order geometric effect of P-delta on the seismic response of base-isolated high-rise buildings. A synthetic time series is generated by adjusting reference time series that consist of available readings from a past earthquake of the 1940 El Centro earthquake adopted as an initial time series. The superstructure of a 20-story base isolated building is represented by a 3-D finite element model using ETABS software. The results of the base isolated building show that base isolation technique significantly reduces inter-s