This work deals with preparation of zeolite 5A from Dewekhala kaolin clay in Al-Anbar region for drying and desulphurization of liquefied petroleum gas. The preparation of zeolite 5A includes treating kaolin clay with dilute hydrochloric acid 1N, treating metakaolin with NaOH solution to prepare 4A zeolite, ion exchange, and formation. For preparation of zeolite 4A, metakaolin treated at different temperatures (40, 60, 80, 90, and 100 °C) with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution (1, 2, 3, and 4 N) for 2 hours. The zeolite samples give the best relative crystallinity of zeolite prepared at 80 °C with NaOH concentration 3N (199%), and at 90 and 100°C with NaOH concentration solution 2N (184% and 189%, respectively). Zeolite 5A was prepared by ion exchange of zeolite 4A prepared at 90°C and 2N NaOH concentration with 1.5 N calcium chloride solution at 90 °C and 5 hours, the ion exchange percentage was 66.6%. The formation experiments included mixing the prepared powder of 5A zeolite with different percentages of kaolin clay, citric acid and tartaric acid to form an irregular shape of zeolite granules. Tartaric acid binder gives higher bulk crushing strength than that obtained by using citric acid binder with no significant difference in the surface area. 7.5 weight% tartaric acid binder has the higher bulk crushing strength 206 newton with surface area 267.4 m2/g. Kaolin clay binder with 15 weight% gives the highest surface area 356 m2/g with bulk crushing strength 123 newton, it was chose as the best binder for zeolite 5A. The prepared granules of 5A zeolite were used for the adsorption experiments of H2O, and H2S contaminants from LPG. Different flow rates of LPG (3, 4, and 5 liter/minute) were studied. It was found that H2O is the strongly adsorbed component and H2S is the weakly adsorbed component. The best flow rate in this work for H2O, and H2S adsorption is 5 liter/minute of LPG. The adsorption capacity for H2O was 7.547 g/g and for H2S was 1.734 g/g.
The aim of this paper is to introduce and study new class of fuzzy function called fuzzy semi pre homeomorphism in a fuzzy topological space by utilizing fuzzy semi pre-open sets. Therefore, some of their characterization has been proved; In addition to that we define, study and develop corresponding to new class of fuzzy semi pre homeomorphism in fuzzy topological spaces using this new class of functions.
Abstract Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module, the purpose of this paper is to study a new concept, (up to our knowledge), named St-closed submodules. It is stronger than the concept of closed submodules, where a submodule N of an R-module M is called St-closed (briefly N ≤Stc M) in M, if it has no proper semi-essential extensions in M, i.e if there exists a submodule K of M such that N is a semi-essential submodule of K then N = K. An ideal I of R is called St-closed if I is an St-closed R-submodule. Various properties of St-closed submodules are considered.
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Using the Neural network as a type of associative memory will be introduced in this paper through the problem of mobile position estimation where mobile estimate its location depending on the signal strength reach to it from several around base stations where the neural network can be implemented inside the mobile. Traditional methods of time of arrival (TOA) and received signal strength (RSS) are used and compared with two analytical methods, optimal positioning method and average positioning method. The data that are used for training are ideal since they can be obtained based on geometry of CDMA cell topology. The test of the two methods TOA and RSS take many cases through a nonlinear path that MS can move through tha
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Sotileza , localismo santandrino de sutileza , es la parte más fina del aparejo de pescar donde va el anzuelo. Es la obra maestro de José María de Pereda.Su ambiente , el Santander viejo, anterior al año 50,evocado emocionadamente - emociόn romántica contenida en los trazos sobrios y firmes de un naturalism psicolόgico y paisajista,el Santander que el autor confiesa poseer en el fondo de su corazόn,«y tenerlo esculpido en la memoria de tal suerte que ,a ojos cerrados,me atrevería a trazarle con todo su perímetro y sus calles, y el color de sus piedras, y el número, y los nombres, y hasta las caras de sus habitantes».Dentro de la grandeza primaria de las criaturas de Pere
... Show MoreIn this review paper, several studies and researches were surveyed for assisting future researchers to identify available techniques in the field of classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. SAR images are becoming increasingly important in a variety of remote sensing applications due to the ability of SAR sensors to operate in all types of weather conditions, including day and night remote sensing for long ranges and coverage areas. Its properties of vast planning, search, rescue, mine detection, and target identification make it very attractive for surveillance and observation missions of Earth resources. With the increasing popularity and availability of these images, the need for machines has emerged to enhance t
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Many of the key stream generators which are used in practice are LFSR-based in the sense that they produce the key stream according to a rule y = C(L(x)), where L(x) denotes an internal linear bit stream, produced by small number of parallel linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs), and C denotes some nonlinear compression function. In this paper we combine between the output sequences from the linear feedback shift registers with the sequences out from non linear key generator to get the final very strong key sequence
Glaucoma is one of the most dangerous eye diseases. It occurs as a result of an imbalance in the drainage and flow of the retinal fluid. Consequently, intraocular pressure is generated, which is a significant risk factor for glaucoma. Intraocular pressure causes progressive damage to the optic nerve head, thus leading to vision loss in the advanced stages. Glaucoma does not give any signs of disease in the early stages, so it is called "the Silent Thief of Sight". Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of retinal eye disease is extremely important to prevent vision loss. Many articles aim to analyze fundus retinal images and diagnose glaucoma. This review can be used as a guideline to help diagnose glaucoma. It presents 63 artic
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A novel robust finite time disturbance observer (RFTDO) based on an independent output-finite time composite control (FTCC) scheme is proposed for an air conditioning-system temperature and humidity regulation. The variable air volume (VAV) of the system is represented by two first-order mathematical models for the temperature and humidity dynamics. In the temperature loop dynamics, a RFTDO temperature (RFTDO-T) and an FTCC temperature (FTCC-T) are designed to estimate and reject the lumped disturbances of the temperature subsystem. In the humidity loop, a robust output of the FTCC humidity (FTCC-H) and RFTDO humidity (RFTDO-H) are also designed to estimate and reject the lumped disturbances of the humidity subsystem. Based on Lyapunov theo
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This paper is concerned with introducing and studying the first new approximation operators using mixed degree system and second new approximation operators using mixed degree system which are the core concept in this paper. In addition, the approximations of graphs using the operators first lower and first upper are accurate then the approximations obtained by using the operators second lower and second upper sincefirst accuracy less then second accuracy. For this reason, we study in detail the properties of second lower and second upper in this paper. Furthermore, we summarize the results for the properties of approximation operators second lower and second upper when the graph G is arbitrary, serial 1, serial 2, reflexive, symmetric, tra
... Show MoreWe introduce and discus recent type of fibrewise topological spaces, namely fibrewise bitopological spaces, Also, we introduce the concepts of fibrewise closed bitopological spaces, fibrewise open bitopological spaces, fibrewise locally sliceable bitopological spaces and fibrewise locally sectionable bitopological spaces. Furthermore, we state and prove several propositions concerning with these concepts.