يختلف دور العلاقات العامة (PR) وأهميتها من مجتمع إلى آخر، تبعاً لاختلاف ثقافات هذه المجتمعات عموماً, ولاختلاف القيم الأخلاقية المعمول بها من ممارسيها في منظمات هذه المجتمعات, فالعلاقات العامة في المجتمعات المتقدمة وبعض الدول النامية قد خطت خطوات جبارة ووصلت إلى مرحلة المساهمة في التخطيط الاستراتيجي وعملية اتخاذ القرار, في إطار التزام إداراتها بقيم ومعايير أخلاقية محددة لممارسيها, وبالمقابل نجد أن تطبيقها في العراق ما زال لم يتخطى مرحلة التنسيق مع وسائل الاتصال المختلفة بهدف الدعاية والإعلان وتحقيق العلانية للمنظمة. نتيجة محدودية إدراك المنظمات للدور الاستراتيجي والحيوي الذي يمكن أن تلعبه العلاقات العامة في الحفاظ على سمعة ومكانة المنظمة من جانب, أيضا عدم التزام أو جهل ممارسيها بالمبادئ الأخلاقية للمهنة, يضعف مصداقيتها ودورها الحيوي في صناعة القرارات الإستراتيجية الناجحة من جانب آخر, ويهدف هذا البحث إلى بحث دور أخلاقيات العلاقات العامة(PR) في صياغة القرارات الإستراتيجية الناجحة في عينة البحث التي شملت (64) شخصاً من شاغلي المناصب الإدارية داخل وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي, وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات أبرزها متوسط إدراك إدارة المنظمة المبحوثة لأهمية العلاقات العامة والتزامها الأخلاقي في صياغة القرارات الإستراتيجية الناجحة أيضا قبول مخطط الدراسة وفرضياته بدرجات تباينت في قوتها على مستوى متغيرات الدراسة ومقاييسها و تم الاستناد عليها لوضع عدد من التوصيات, بضمنها تحديد سُبل الوصول إلى صانعي القرارات العليا بالمنظمة, وتعزيز الدور الاستشاري الأخلاقي لممارسيها .
The present study aims to detect CTX-M-type ESBL from Escherichia coli clinical isolates and to analyze their antibotic susceptibility patterns. One hundred of E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical samples from a tertiary hospital. ESBL positivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. PCR used for amplification of CTX-M-type ESBL produced by E. coli. Out of 100 E. coli isolates, twenty-four isolates (24%) were ESBL-producers. E. coli isolated from pus was the most frequent clinical specimen that produced ESBL (41.66%) followed by urine (34.21%), respiratory (22.23%), and blood (19.05%). After PCR amplification of these 24 isolates, 10 (41.66%) isolates were found to possess CTX-M genes. The CTX-M type ESBL
... Show MoreThe aim of study was making comparison in some kinematics variables in (100) meter butterfly swimming to first and second ranking in championship 2003 Espana, so noticed there is no such like this study in our country in comparison study for international champions therefore not specific and scientific discovering to these advanced levels, also the researchers depend on group of kinematics variables when the comparison making and it was included (50 meter the first, 50 meter the second, the differences between the first (50) meter and the second , more over basic variables in (100) meter butterfly , after having the results and treat it statistically the researchers reaches to two conclusions which was: • Success the first rank in startin
... Show MoreThe phenomenon of financial failure is one of the phenomena that requires special attention and in-depth study due to its significant impact on various parties, whether they are internal or external and those who benefit from financial performance reports. With the increase in cases of bankruptcy and default facing companies and banks, interest has increased in understanding the reasons that led to this financial failure. This growing interest should be a reason to develop models and analytical methods that help in the early detection of this increasing phenomenon in recent year . The research examines the use of Sherrod's model in predicting financial failure in Iraqi private banks. The researchers relied on this mathematical model to anal
... Show MoreSMNs like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, WhatsApp,..etc. are among the most popular sites on the Internet. These sites can provide a powerful means of sharing, organizing, finding information and knowledge. The popularity of these sites provides an opportunity to measure the use them in knowledge sharing, which needs a special scale, but unfortunately, there is no special scale for that. Thus, this study supposes to use SCT as a scale to measure the use of SMNs in electronic knowledge sharing due to it has been used to measure knowledge sharing with its traditional form. This study can help the decision-makers to use these SMNs to share the academics’ knowledge in educational institutes to the communi
... Show MoreAbstract:
The phenomenon of financial failure is one of the phenomena that requires special attention and in-depth study due to its significant impact on various parties, whether they are internal or external and those who benefit from financial performance reports. With the increase in cases of bankruptcy and default facing companies and banks, interest has increased in understanding the reasons that led to this financial failure. This growing interest should be a reason to develop models and analytical methods that help in the early detection of this increasing phenomenon in recent year . The research examines the use of
... Show Moreملخص البحث: تعتبر مشكلة تعاطي المخدرات من المشكلات التي تؤثر في بناء المجتمع وأفراده لما يترتب عليها من آثار اجتماعية واقتصادية ونفسية سيئة تنسحب على الفرد و على المجتمع، كما أنها ظاهرة اجتماعية مرضية تدفع إليها عوامل عديدة؛ بعضها يتعلق بالفرد والبعض الآخر بالأسرة والثالث بالبناء الاجتماعي ككل. وتعد ظاهرة انتشار المخدرات من الظواهر الأكثر تعقيدا وبارزة هذه الظاهر ة وإحدى مشكلات العصر، الشاملة في المجتمع، و
... Show MoreDevelopment and progress of the fleet and the navy in Oman during
the reign of Sultan Said bin sultan from 1804 to 1856.
It had second level in Arab Gulf and Indian Ocean during the first half
of nineteenth century. The fleet of Oman in this time became after British
fleet.
Several reasons were behind the development of Omani fleet
- First : The aim of Sultan Said was to built a large navy yard in Arab Gulf
and Indian Ocean to encourage him -to made many ships factories.
- Second: Arab Gulf and Indian Ocean within the reign of Sultan Said
wittinsed the confilicts and wars between different forces it drived Sultan Said
to built agood and strong navy.
- Third The main aim of Oman during the reign of Sultan
In this study, the electron coefficients; Mean energy , Mobility and Drift velocity of different gases Ar, He, N2 and O2 in the ionosphere have been calculated using BOLSIG+ program to check the solution results of Boltzmann equation results, and effect of reduced electric field (E/N) on electronic coefficients. The electric field has been specified in the limited range 1-100 Td. The gases were in the ionosphere layer at an altitude frame 50-2000 km. Furthermore, the mean energy and drift velocity steadily increased with increases in the electric field, while mobility was reduced. It turns out that there is a significant and obvious decrease in mobility as a result of inelastic collisions and in addition lit
... Show MoreThe research(the internal and external factors affecting the political system in
PAKISTAN) involves a series of effects interact both internally and external to affect the
stsbility of the political system.
Intrernally there are a lot of powers affecting the political map of PAKISTAN such as
military institution, political parties, judgement, religious schools……etc.of internal
factors, which represent one of the most important pressure points on the system.
Externally one of the most important external factors which affect internal stability is
Pakistani allision to USA in antiterrorism war. The Pakistani military institution was
involved in the war against Pakistani tribes leading to unstable security in Paki
Specialized banks provide their banking activities to their customers at interest rates that are determined according to the approved bank policy, which is almost similar to most or most banks. To satisfy the financial desires of customers and at the same time it is a source of the bank's profits, However, these banks have been introduced to new services that they provide with the funds of the Central Bank initiative launched at the beginning of (2016) to address the economic stagnation that befell the country due to the (financial security) crisis that the country faced in 2014. To put forward initiatives amounting to nearly (15) trillion dinars, which were put forward through private commercial and Islamic banks and specialized
... Show More