المقدمة شهدت المجتمعات المعاصرة، منذ النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين وحتى مطلع القرن الحادي والعشرين، تحولات جوهرية وعميقة في طبيعة الأدوار الاجتماعية والسياسية الموكلة للمرأة. فلم يعد حضور النساء مقتصراً على الفضاءين الأسري أو الاجتماعي الضيق، بل امتد ليشمل مختلف ميادين الحياة العامة، وفي مقدمتها المجال السياسي وصولاً إلى قمة الهرم المتمثل في "السياسة الدولية". ويعكس هذا التحول البنيوي تطوراً ملحوظاً في الوعي المجتمعي والحقوقي، مدفوعاً بتعاظم دور الحركات النسوية عالمياً، وتكريس مبادئ المساواة وتكافؤ الفرص في الأنظمة الديمقراطية الحديثة. وتعد السياسة الدولية من أكثر الحقول تعقيداً وتشابكاً، نظراً لارتباطها المباشر بتحديد مكانة الدول في النظام الدولي وصياغة استراتيجياتها الكبرى في مجالات الأمن القومي، والاقتصاد السياسي، والدبلوماسية رفيعة المستوى. وفي هذا الإطار، أصبح انخراط المرأة في هذا المجال الحرج والحيوي معياراً حقيقياً لقياس مستوى التقدم السياسي والديمقراطي للدول، ومدى قدرتها على كسر السقف الزجاجي" الذي حجب النساء تاريخياً عن مواقع القيادة العليا. وتبرز جمهورية ألمانيا الاتحادية بوصفها نموذجاً غربياً متقدماً في تمكين المرأة سياسياً؛ حيث شهدت صعوداً ملحوظاً ومطرداً للنساء إلى مواقع صنع القرار الحساسة. وكان الحدث الأبرز الذي لفت أنظار باحثي العلاقات الدولية هو تولي أنجيلا ميركل منصب المستشارية لأربع دورات متتالية (2005-2021)، وهو ما منح التجربة الألمانية بعداً استثنائياً في السياسة الدولية. وعلى الرغم من هذا التقدم الظاهري، فإن مسألة التأثير الحقيقي والنوعي للمرأة في توجيه دفة السياسة الخارجية لا تزال محل نقاش واسع بين الأكاديميين. فهل يغير وصول المرأة إلى السلطة من جوهر السياسة الدولية، أم أنها تضطر للتكيف مع القواعد الذكورية الصارمة للنظام الدولي؟ هذا ما يجعل من دراسة الحالة الألمانية مدخلاً غنياً لفهم حدود تمكين المرأة وآفاقه المستقبلية.
This study aims to identify the anxiety pregnant women have of dying, in the light of some Demographic variables in Bethlehem (age, residence, and the mother's job). The descriptive method was used in this study. To achieve the study purposes, the researchers developed a questionnaire as a tool of study, which consisted of (19) paragraphs ,after been verified of its validity & stability.
The researchers distributed questionnaires, and then analyzed them. Results illustrated that the levels of anxiety pregnant women in Bethlehem had of dying was average, with a mean total score of (3.11), and with a standard deviation that had the total score of (0.476). Results also illustrated statistical differences in the pregn
... Show MoreThe problem of research is the need to find out the obstacles and difficulties facing women in accessing leadership positions at the University of Baghdad from their point of view. The importance of research comes from the importance of women in the university and their vital role in the development of society. The research objectives summarized the most important obstacles facing women Access to the leadership positions in the university and the relative weight of these obstacles as well as trying to identify differences in their view of these obstacles according to the variables of specialization (scientific, human) and the scientific title (Professor, Assistant Professor, Teacher, Assistant Lecturer). They were (144) university female
... Show MoreThe status of women in any society is one of the basic criteria for measuring the degree of progress that society and follow renaissance march side by sidewith men , and is no doubt that women are now of interest to the state , even if limited , which promotes public ideologies on the need for womens participation in economic infrastructure operations and social and the right to gain information and knowledge, entertainment and exercise its role in development through its president and actor in the family and raising the next generation configuration.
And affect the basic tributaries that draws them women information and ideas have a direct impact on the composition of cultural and cognitive entity woman comes satellite channels
... Show MoreThe international humanitarian law found the special rules to protect women meanwhile the armed conflicts whether international or non-international. These rules are adopted for woman because of two reasons : that she is from civilians and on the other hand that her special constitution demands a special protection. The international community's attention of women is increased as a result of the tragic situation that faced women around the world especially in the Middle East and particularly in Iraq during the American-British war and ISIS period, these two periods sort many negative effects that reach women such as captivity, slavery, sexual enslavement and rape women especially Yazidis and Christians....
Women issues occupy an important place in international and development projects and programs. This is one of the goals of 21 Century announced during universal summit conference in 2000. The goals are : teaching children, reducing the average of the dead, in addition to the main goal which is reducing the poor level in 2015.
The increasing number of countries that adopt democratic policies, economic freedom and openness lead to heighten and develop the role of women in different ways. As a result, many feminism journals have appeared. Since journals help people to make decisions about public issues as well as acquiring new knowledge, it stimulates women to make decisions.
Feminism journalism takes a new trend. It has become specia
وقائع واوراق ندوة (السياسة الخارجية الامريكية في عهد اوباما) التي عقدها فرع الدراسات الدولية في 25 تشرين الثاني 2009
The thesis discusses the concept of the new international regionalism that emerged after the growing effects and repercussions of globalization with its economic, political and security dimensions after the end of the Cold War and the crystallization of a different international system dominated by the United States of America, so that the major countries and actors in the international system realize the danger of globalization and move towards adopting regional arrangements to contain the negative effects of globalization. The Asia-Pacific model was chosen as a model for the study.
The international reporting auditor witness rapidly developed over the past years, where profession began give attention to the development of auditor reporting and improve its informational report through the issuance and amendment of some relevant international auditing standards. The reality of the situation refers to the failure to inform the auditor in Iraq in many areas, including: Clearly defined management responsibility for the preparation of financial and auditor's responsibility to express an opinion on these statements and Amendment of opinion when the financial statements as a whole is free from material misstatement based on the evidence is sufficient and appropriate audit, or not to build the auditor's ability to obt
... Show MoreThe research aims to delve into the nature of international financial reporting standards and the unified accounting system adopted in the Iraqi environment and financial ratios in the theoretical side. In the practical aspect, the results of some financial ratios of Basrah Gas Company were compared with the adoption of the financial statements prepared on the basis of the consolidated accounting system with the prepared financial statements Based on the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The research has reached a number of conclusions, including a difference in the accounting rules and practices between IFRS and the consolidated accounting system in force in Iraq. The adoption of IFRS has led to a decrease in profitabi
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