The house flies Musca domestica )Diptera:musidae) are the primary carrier of many pathogens such as cholera, typhoid, anthrax, and others. The use of chemical pesticides as a basic method of control leads to many problems at the environmental and health level. The use of safe alternatives to chemical pesticides has become an urgent necessity. The research aims to find biological alternatives that are environment-friendly and non-pathogenic to humans in controlling house flies through the possibility of extracting and diagnosing some secondary metabolites produced by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and testing their effects on the second larval stage of house flies using different treatment methods that include direct spraying of the larvae, treating the food environment, and the dipping method. Secondary metabolites and toxins of Metarhizium anisopliae were extracted in liquid media PDB using a mixture of organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and methanol. The secondary metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the identification of 10 chemical compounds, including phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl (C14H22O)., Diethyl Phthalate (C12H14O4), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (C17H34O2 ), Phthalic acid, butyl undecyl ester (C23H36O4) , 9,12-Octadecanoic (Z,Z )-, methyl ester ( C19H34O2), 9-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, (C19H36O2), 9,12,15-Octadecanoic acid,methyl ester,(Z,Z,Z) (C19H32O2), Octadecanoic acid,methyl ester(C19H38O2), Oleic Acid (C24H38O4), 9-Octadecanoic acid (Z)-,2-hydroxyl (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester(C21H40O4) ,and Di-n-octyl phthalate (C24H38O4 ). The results showed that the crude extract of the fungus cause the best mortality rate in the second instar larvae at concentrations of 3 and 5% after 72 hours of treatment when the mortality rates ranged between 60-100%. The mortality rates were directly proportional to the increase in concentration and time with a significant difference. The results also showed that the treatment of the food media was the most effective in affecting the larvae of flies, recording mortality rates that reached 100%, with a significant difference with direct spraying and dipping methods. These results reveal the significant efficacy of the tested secondary metabolite crude of m.anesopalae against Musca domestica which could be used as an ecofriendly alternative for insect control.
The Islamic conquest for Persian country had the program of the civil and intelegical movement for the human
There is no doubt that the narrative form is a mixture of many elements that it
becomes so hard to differentiate between them. Thus, to differentiate between those
elements we must understand the job of every element; and that is the structure of narrative
form in the artistic frame of the old Arabic poem.
Poetry, as the readers confirm, is strongly related to a lot of arts. The rhetorical
form is related to the art of drawing and photography, the rhythm- the core of poetry- is
related to music, its structure to the art of architecture, its tension to drama as it consist of
internal conflict between its elements and ingredients, and the poetry has a narrative
element which relates it to the art of narration and it
Abstract:
The research aims to diagnose the relationship between the environmental tax and the development of the sustainable social dimension, where the environmental tax is considered a tool in promoting sustainable development according to its economic, social and environmental dimensions through the application of legislation and instructions for environmental protection, and that imposing an environmental tax will have a clear impact in achieving the dimensions of sustainable development and compliance With regard to the social dimension, the research relied on the financial data for the years (2019-2022) in obtaining information. The research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was
... Show Moreإن أهميـة بحثنـا تتضـح مـن خـلال التطـرق إلى دراسـة المـذهب العسـكري في حقبـة الاتحـاد السـوفيتي السـابق وإبـراز الجوانـب الرئيسـة المتعلقـة بفلسـفة المـذهب العسـكري السـوفيتي ومضـامينه الاستراتيجية مــن جانــب، وفلســفة المــذهب العســكري الروســي لمرحلــة مــا بعــد الحــرب البــاردة والتغـيرات المهمـة الـتي طـرأت عليـه، ممـا أفـرز لنـا بطبيعـة الحـال مضـامين مـذهب عسـكري روسـي جديــد قــد يتقــا
... Show Moreكشفت دراسات ما بعد البنيوية والتطور الحاصل في الدراسات النقدية عن مقدار التداخل بين النصوص في انتاج الظواهر الادبية ، وخير ما يكشف هذا التداخل هو المنهج الذي يركز على دراسة التناص ولاسيما في النصوص التي تتشكل على وفق التناص الواعي الذي الذي يتألف من مجموعة نصوص ادبية يتفاعل فيها نص الكاتب مع نصوص اخرى.
This research deals with the idea of how the poetic reading can be a
rich field for producing the potential meanings in each text, through observing
the connection of the words and their link with other, thus composes, from the
collection of these interlaced meanings, what is called the poetic significant
(Symbolic) elaboration which deals with the reader of the text by regarding
him as a producer not as a consumer who can read a conscious reading, and
be diligent to solve the problem of the links of the relations among the
inspiring words because the language of poetry is an inspired language which
is capable of diversity and multiplicity of readings which is called the Symbolic
elaboration.
The Andoluosian literatures has been captured my mind, and had a very
pure and great place in my spirit, which is remembering me the roots of
genuine Arabic civilization spread during eight century in endoluos region.
also the Arabic creation which is moved from east to far way land in that
ages. And very clearly appearance tremendous men interested in science and
all kind of literature and arts especially in poetry, no one who has taste and
minimum knowledge can denied the effect of indoluosan prosperity among
readers. So for that reason I work very hard to choose a very famous poet his
nick name (Al-Ramadee) he is Youseif Bin Haroon born in the first decade
of the 4TH hijri (Islamic Calendar), died in (403H).