The aim of this paper is to present a new methodology to find the private key of RSA. A new initial value which is generated from a new equation is selected to speed up the process. In fact, after this value is found, brute force attack is chosen to discover the private key. In addition, for a proposed equation, the multiplier of Euler totient function to find both of the public key and the private key is assigned as 1. Then, it implies that an equation that estimates a new initial value is suitable for the small multiplier. The experimental results show that if all prime factors of the modulus are assigned larger than 3 and the multiplier is 1, the distance between an initial value and the private key is decreased about 66%. On the other hand, the distance is decreased less than 1% when the multiplier is larger than 66. Therefore, to avoid attacking by using the proposed method, the multiplier which is larger than 66 should be chosen. Furthermore, it is shown that if the public key equals 3, the multiplier always equals 2.
It is shown that if a subset of a topological space (χ, τ) is δ-semi.closed, then it is semi.closed. By use this fact, we introduce the concept regularity of a topological space (χ, τ) via δ-semi.open sets. Many properties and results were investigated and studied. In addition we study some maps that preserve the δ-semi.regularity of spaces.
In this paper, a new type of supra closed sets is introduced which we called supra β*-closed sets in a supra topological space. A new set of separation axioms is defined, and its many properties are examined. The relationships between supra β*-Ti –spaces (i = 0, 1, 2) are studied and shown with instances. Additionally, new varieties of supra β*-continuous maps have been taken into consideration based on the supra β*-open sets theory.
Weosay thatotheosubmodules A, B ofoan R-module Moare µ-equivalent , AµB ifoand onlyoif <<µand <<µ. Weoshow thatoµ relationois anoequivalent relationoand hasegood behaviorywith respectyto additionmof submodules, homorphismsr, andydirectusums, weaapplyothese resultsotoointroduced theoclassoof H-µ-supplementedomodules. Weosay thatoa module Mmis H-µ-supplementedomodule ifofor everyosubmodule A of M, thereois a directosummand D ofoM suchothat AµD. Variousoproperties ofothese modulesoarepgiven.
In the present paper, we have introduced some new definitions On D- compact topological group and D-L. compact topological group for the compactification in topological spaces and groups, we obtain some results related to D- compact topological group and D-L. compact topological group.
Gangyong Lee, S. Tariq Rizvi, and Cosmin S. Roman studied Dual Rickart modules. The main purpose of this paper is to define strong dual Rickart module. Let M and N be R- modules , M is called N- strong dual Rickart module (or relatively sd-Rickart to N)which is denoted by M it is N-sd- Rickart if for every submodule A of M and every homomorphism fHom (M , N) , f (A) is a direct summand of N. We prove that for an R- module M , if R is M-sd- Rickart , then every cyclic submodule of M is a direct summand . In particular, if M<
... Show MoreLet R be a commutative ring with identity 1 and M be a unitary left R-module. A submodule N of an R-module M is said to be approximately pure submodule of an R-module, if for each ideal I of R. The main purpose of this paper is to study the properties of the following concepts: approximately pure essentialsubmodules, approximately pure closedsubmodules and relative approximately pure complement submodules. We prove that: when an R-module M is an approximately purely extending modules and N be Ap-puresubmodulein M, if M has the Ap-pure intersection property then N is Ap purely extending.
In this paper, we define the concept of soft -connected sets and soft -connected spaces by using the notion of soft -open sets in soft topological spaces. Several properties of these concepts are investigated.
Let be a commutative ring with unity and let be a non-zero unitary module. In
this work we present a -small projective module concept as a generalization of small
projective. Also we generalize some properties of small epimorphism to δ-small
epimorphism. We also introduce the notation of δ-small hereditary modules and δ-small
projective covers.
Let be a commutative ring with identity , and be a unitary (left) R-module. A proper submodule of is said to be quasi- small prime submodule , if whenever with and , then either or . In this paper ,we give a comprehensive study of quasi- small prime submodules.