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Stimulation of Macrophage Cells Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Silver Nanoparticles
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania tropica parasite. Current treatments for this parasite are undesirable because of their toxicity, resistance, and high cost. Macrophages are key players against pathogens. Nitric oxide (NO), a molecule produce by immune cells, controls intracellular killing of pathogens during infection. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against various types of infectious diseases. It has the ability to stimulate oxygen species production.  This study aims to analyze the macrophages activation through NO production and estimate the cytotoxicity based on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release upon exposure to L. tropica and Ag NPs. Serially concentrations of Ag NPs were used under two conditions during and following macrophages exposure to L. tropica. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs on L. tropica amastigotes during infection of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that by increasing the Ag NPs concentrations, the viability percentage of L. tropica amastigotes decreased and reached to 21.7 ± 0.64 % during infection compared with the control. The 50% inhibitory concentration of Ag NPs on amastigotes was 2.048µg/ml during infection. Moreover, post-phagocytosis study involved the assessment of NO and LDH release by macrophages upon exposure to L. tropica. It have shown that untreated macrophages released low levels of NO while in the presence of Ag NPs, macrophages were activated to produce higher levels of NO under all experimental conditions. On the other hand, macrophages were capable of controlling cytotoxicity and decreasing LDH levels during phagocytosis of L. tropica amastiogotes. Taking together, these findings suggest that Ag NPs can enhance macrophages NO production which provides a method for the identification of Ag NPs ligands with microbicidal and anti-cytotoxic properties against L. tropica pathogens.

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Ecological Engineering
Explore the Impact of Surfactant Type on the Stability and Separation Efficiency of Oil–Water Emulsions of Real Wastewater from Al-Basrah Crude Oil Using Microbubble Air Flotation
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Among several separation processes, the air flotation distinguish as remarkably high potential separation process related to its high separation efficiency and throughput, energy-efficient, simple process, cost-effective, applicable to a wide range of oily wastewater and no by-products. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of surfactant on the stability of oil-water emulsion and efficiency of the separation process. For this purpose, three types of surfactant where used (anionic SDS, mixed nonionic Span 85/Tween 80, and cationic CTAB). The results demonstrated that the Span 85/Tween 80 surfactant has the best stability, and it increases with the surfactant concentration augmentation. The removal ef

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
DAMAGE DETECTION AND LOCATION FOR IN AND OUT-OFPLANE CURVED BEAMS USING FUZZY LOGIC BASED ON FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE
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In this study, structures damage identification method based on changes in the dynamic characteristics
(frequencies) of the structure are examined, stiffness as well as mass matrices of the curved
(in and out-of-plane vibration) beam elements is formulated using Hamilton's principle. Each node
of both of them possesses seven degrees of freedom including the warping degree of freedom. The
curved beam element had been derived based on the Kang and Yoo’s thin-walled curved beam theory
in 1994. A computer program was developing to carry out free vibration analyses of the curved
beam as well as straight beam. Comparing with the frequencies for other researchers using the general
purpose program MATLAB. Fuzzy logic syste

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 02 2023
Journal Name
Contemporary Trends And Issues In Science Education
Using Multi-faceted Rasch Models to Understand Middle School Students’ Argumentation Around Scenarios Grounded in Socio-scientific Issues
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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
How geometric reverse engineering techniques can conserve our heritage; a case study in Iraq using 3D laser scanning
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Abstract<p>Laser scanning has become a popular technique for the acquisition of digital models in the field of cultural heritage conservation and restoration nowadays. Many archaeological sites were lost, damaged, or faded, rather than being passed on to future generations due to many natural or human risks. It is still a challenge to accurately produce the digital and physical model of the missing regions or parts of our cultural heritage objects and restore damaged artefacts. The typical manual restoration can become a tedious and error-prone process; also can cause secondary damage to the relics. Therefore, in this paper, the automatic digital application process of 3D laser modelling of arte</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Nonlinear Analysis And Applications
A proposed method for cleaning data from outlier values using the robust rfch method in structural equation modeling
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Securing Physical Layer for FHSS Communication System Using Code andPhase Hopping Techniques in CDMA, System Design and Implementation
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The Frequency-hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) systems and techniques are using in military and civilianradar recently and in the communication system for securing the information on wireless communications link channels, for example in the Wi-Fi 8.02.X IEEE using multiple number bandwidth and frequencies in the wireless channel in order to hopping on them for increasing the security level during the broadcast, but nowadays FHSS problem, which is, any Smart Software Defined Radio (S-SDR) can easily detect a wireless signal at the transmitter and the receiver for the hopping sequence in both of these, then duplicate this sequence in order to hack the signal on both transmitter and receiver messages using the order of the se

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2025
Journal Name
Iv. International Rimar Congress Of Pure, Applied Sciences
A New Intrusion Detection Approach Based on RNA Encoding and K-Means Clustering Algorithm Using KDD-Cup99 Dataset
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Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are useful tools that help security administrators in the developing task to secure the network and alert in any possible harmful event. IDS can be classified either as misuse or anomaly, depending on the detection methodology. Where Misuse IDS can recognize the known attack based on their signatures, the main disadvantage of these systems is that they cannot detect new attacks. At the same time, the anomaly IDS depends on normal behaviour, where the main advantage of this system is its ability to discover new attacks. On the other hand, the main drawback of anomaly IDS is high false alarm rate results. Therefore, a hybrid IDS is a combination of misuse and anomaly and acts as a solution to overcome the dis

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 01 2021
Journal Name
Indonesian Journal Of Electrical Engineering And Computer Science
Blood donors appointment booking and managing system using PC and mobile web browsers in current pandemic (COVID-19)
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<span>Blood donation is the main source of blood resources in the blood banks which is required in the hospitals for everyday operations and blood compensation for the patients. In special cases, the patients require fresh blood for compensation such as in the case of major operations and similar situations. Moreover, plasma transfusions are vital in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this paper, we have proposed a donation system that manages the appointments between the donors and the patient in the case of fresh blood donation is required. The website is designed using the Bootstrap technology to provide suitable access using the PC or the smart phones web browser. The website contains large database

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Cybersecurity And Information Management
A New Automated System Approach to Detect Digital Forensics using Natural Language Processing to Recommend Jobs and Courses
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A resume is the first impression between you and a potential employer. Therefore, the importance of a resume can never be underestimated. Selecting the right candidates for a job within a company can be a daunting task for recruiters when they have to review hundreds of resumes. To reduce time and effort, we can use NLTK and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to extract essential data from a resume. NLTK is a free, open source, community-driven project and the leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data. To select the best resume according to the company’s requirements, an algorithm such as KNN is used. To be selected from hundreds of resumes, your resume must be one of the best. Theref

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The Iraqi University
Exclusion optimal portfolio from outlier by using fuzzy c-means clustering - analytical research at the Iraqi Stock Exchange
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This research aims to solve the problem of selection using clustering algorithm, in this research optimal portfolio is formation using the single index model, and the real data are consisting from the stocks Iraqi Stock Exchange in the period 1/1/2007 to 31/12/2019. because the data series have missing values ,we used the two-stage missing value compensation method, the knowledge gap was inability the portfolio models to reduce The estimation error , inaccuracy of the cut-off rate and the Treynor ratio combine stocks into the portfolio that caused to decline in their performance, all these problems required employing clustering technic to data mining and regrouping it within clusters with similar characteristics to outperform the portfolio

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