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Evaluation of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 Polymorphism and Soluble Immune Checkpoint Level Among A Sample of Sars-Cov-2 Iraqi Patients
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Objective: To Evaluate the Roley of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytek antigen 4 Polymorphism and soluble immune checkpoint level (PD-1,PDL-1 and CTLA-4 ) in SARS-Cov-2 patients. Methods: Fromt October 2020 to April 2021, the currentk study was conducted in Baghdad-Iraq. Ninety patients with Confirmatory SARS-Cov-2 by PCR were inclusion in the study, and they were seeking treatment at Medical City in Baghdad's Teaching Hospital (BTH). Patients with SARS-Cov-2 were divided into two groups: those with Sever SARS-Cov-2 symptom and those with mild - moderate SARS-Cov-2 symptoms (cross sectional study. Patients with another form of autoimmune illness, malignant, diabetes, under the age of 18 and pregnant women were excluded. Results: Data regarding serum level of CTLA-4f, PD-1j and PD-L1 in mild-moderate and severe covid19 patients were found to be non-normally distributed. The median serum level of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 mild-moderate groups were much lower than that of severe cases with highly significant differences. Age demonstrated a positive significant correlation with each of CTLA-4 (r= 0.281, p= 0.007), PD-1 (r= 0.282, p= 0.007) and PD-L1 (r= 0.219, p= 0.039). Soluble CTLA-4 had a positive significant correlation with each of PD-1 (r=0.714, p<0.001) and PD-L1 (r= 0.602, p<0.001). Allele specific of CTLA-4(+49G/A) PCR was used for gene amplification and genotyping under Gel electrophoresis of PCR products revealed that this SNP had three genotypes in mild/moderate and severe cases of COVID-19. These were GG, GA and AA. The wild homozygous genotype (AA) was more frequent among severe group than mild-moderate group with a significant difference. Conclusion: Soluble Immune checkpoint markers are significantly increased in patients with covoid-19 in severe cases and soluble immune checkpoint markers are positively significant correlation with age and The genotyping CTLA-4(+49G/A) gene SNP (AG and GG by allele specific PCR) was significantly higher in mild-moderate covid-19 cases in which may indicate that this SNP mostly protective with good prognosis. Keywords: Immune checkpoint, CTLA-4, PD1, PDL-1 and COVID-19.

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 24 2024
Journal Name
An International Journal Of Optimization And Control: Theories &amp; Applications (ijocta)
The effect of a psychological scare on the dynamics of the tumor-immune interaction with optimal control strategy
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Contracting cancer typically induces a state of terror among the individuals who are affected. Exploring how chemotherapy and anxiety work together to affect the speed at which cancer cells multiply and the immune system’s response model is necessary to come up with ways to stop the spread of cancer. This paper proposes a mathematical model to investigate the impact of psychological scare and chemotherapy on the interaction of cancer and immunity. The proposed model is accurately described. The focus of the model’s dynamic analysis is to identify the potential equilibrium locations. According to the analysis, it is possible to establish three equilibrium positions. The stability analysis reveals that all equilibrium points consi

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
The role of angiotensin converting enzyme (insertion)/(deletion) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (A1166C) gene polymorphisms in antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibitors in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients
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The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I\D gene polymorphism influences the blood ACE enzyme activity. Renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) varies among patients due to genetic variation, particularly in Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System genes. This study investigates the genetic variations of ACE I\D and AGT1RA1166C gene polymorphisms in the antiproteinuric effect of ACEI therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This is a cross-sectional study that included 76 T2DM patients who are ACEI users, divided into two groups: T2DM without diabetic kidney disease (DKD) included 31 patients, and T2DM with DKD included 45 patients. Urine samples were taken for measurement of urine albumin and creatinine, then calcul

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal
Perniosis: clinical and epidemiological study in Iraqi patients
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AN Adil A, F Basman M, 2009

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Advances In Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, And High Performance Computing
T-Way Testing Strategies
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In line with the advancement of hardware technology and increasing consumer demands for new functionalities and innovations, software applications grew tremendously in term of size over the last decade. This sudden increase in size has a profound impact as far as testing is concerned. Here, more and more unwanted interactions among software systems components, hardware, and operating system are to be expected, rendering increased possibility of faults. To address this issue, many useful interaction-based testing techniques (termed t-way strategies) have been developed in the literature. As an effort to promote awareness and encourage its usage, this chapter surveys the current state-of-the-art and reviews the state-of-practices in t

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Computer Systems And Software Engineering
T-Way Testing Strategies
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In line with the advancement of hardware technology and increasing consumer demands for new functionalities and innovations, software applications grew tremendously in term of size over the last decade. This sudden increase in size has a profound impact as far as testing is concerned. Here, more and more unwanted interactions among software systems components, hardware, and operating system are to be expected, rendering increased possibility of faults. To address this issue, many useful interaction-based testing techniques (termed t-way strategies) have been developed in the literature. As an effort to promote awareness and encourage its usage, this chapter surveys the current state-of-the-art and reviews the state-of-practices in t

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
European J Ournal Of Molecular & Clinical Medicine
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation of Mixed Ligand Complexes of 2-phenyl-2-(o-tolylamino) Acetonitrile and Histidine ligand with Co, Cu, Zn divalent Metal Ion Complexes
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Anew mixed compound complexes derived from 2-phenyl-2-(o-tolylamino) Acetonitrile as primary ligand (L1) and histidine (L2) as secondary ligand have been prepared and characterized by conventional techniques, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), Fourier transform infrared, ultra violet-visible spectra, , flame atomic absorption, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurement and 1H-NMR spectra. From IR data which appear chelating behavior of the amino acid ligand (L2) toward transition metal ions is via carboxylate oxygen, amino nitrogen and imidazol nitrogen as tridentate ligand while second ligand (L1) chelating through N-nitrile and N-aniline, according to all above technics the octahedral shapes were expected for these complexes as

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 15 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Assessment of Serum Omentin-1 Level in Iraqi women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Abstract                The condition known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) describes as an intolerance to glucoseThat first occur or progresses during pregnancy is the most common metabolic illness, and impacts up to25% of pregnant women.  It has been demonstrated that omentin-1, which originates from both human placental and adipose tissue can serve as an insulin resistance mediator. It was initially identified as a secretory factor specific to visceral fat and showed that recombinant omentin-1 administration increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in vitro which may increase insulin sensitivity, both glucose and insulin can down regulate omentin-1 which reduces levels in overweight women with polycys

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2016
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Indicators of Mental image among Students of the University of Baghdad about Iraqi Political Parties-(a research based on a master thesis)
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Media studies have focused mostly on the issue of the mental image because the image that is formed in the mind has become not only a photo of a human being and having kept for himself. This image has an outside influence which may sometimes up to the formation of the fate of others and it sometimes includes individuals and groups together.
This study comes in the context of identifying the image of Iraqi political parties among Iraqi university students and the nature of the view that students have in their minds about these parties.
Chapter one includes the problem of the research, the importance of the study, the goals and method used. Chapter two is divided into two sections: section one deals with the concept of the mental i

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of banking technology in enhancing the strategic capacity: an applied research on a sample of Iraqi private commercial banks
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Abstract :                                                                                               

                 This research demonstrates the importance of

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Business Process Reengineering In The Light Of Strategic Direction In Field Study Of Sample Of High Level In The Ministry Of Oil
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The current research aims to determine the extent of the impact of the strategic direction to the  business process reengineering, in the Office of the Ministry of Oil To reach that goal was a sample of community research study consisted (50) members of the senior leadership represent the problem in organization researched in the ambiguity of the strategic direction of knowledge of the compatibility of the strategic direction with Business Process Reengineering and   used questionnaire, interview and  observation to obtain the information needed to search was addressing data by the statistical system spss percentage  and the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation .

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