Today the NOMA has exponential growth in the use of Optical Visible Light Communication (OVLC) due to good features such as high spectral efficiency, low BER, and flexibility. Moreover, it creates a huge demand for electronic devices with high-speed processing and data rates, which leads to more FPGA power consumption. Therefore; it is a big challenge for scientists and researchers today to recover this problem by reducing the FPGA power and size of the devices. The subject matter of this article is producing an algorithm model to reduce the power consumption of (Field Programmable Gate Array) FPGA used in the design of the Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques applied in (OVLC) systems combined with a blue laser. However, The po

Objective: The present study investigates whether the exposure to low-power diode laser induces denaturation in red blood cell (RBC) membrane protein composition, and determines the irradiation time for when denaturation of membrane protein process begins. Background: A low-energy laser has been used extensively in medical applications. Several studies indicated significant positive effects of laser therapy on biological systems. In contrast, other studies reported that laser induced unwanted changes in cell structure and biological systems. The present work studied the effect of irradiation time of low-power diode laser on the structure of membrane proteins of human RBCs. Materials and methods: The RBC suspension was divided into five equa

The current research is a spectroscopic study of Coumarin 334 dissolved in methanol. The range of concentrations of the prepared stock solution was (3.39x10^-9 to 2.03x10^-8) M. Some optical characteristics of this dye were investigated such as absorbance and transmission spectra, absorption coefficient, refractive and extinction coefficients, oscillation and dispersion energies, and energy band gap. The absorbance spectra were recorded at 452 nm using Broad Band Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS) which depends on increasing the path length of the traveling light from the source to the detector. The minimum absorbance amount was 0.07 with a low concentration of 3.39x10^-9 M. As a result, the ot

That any industrial company that must think about marketing mechanisms and who are the beneficiaries and the pursuit of gain customer satisfaction with access to competitive advantages. Most industrialized our companies from a variety of problems experienced both in the field of production, marketing, or keep up with new developments or commitment to quality standards, which caused the reluctance of customers to buy local products for various reasons, and especially in light of unplanned economic policy and exposure to market to imported products flooding the market with various goods and services that do not can the domestic industry rival, which has competitive advantages and meet business requirements, but others arrived to stop or as

The textile industries play a prominent role in reviving the national economy, but they are currently suffering from several problems, including the high costs of their activities, the low quality of their production processes, and accordingly, the hexagonal diffraction approach came to help analyze production activities to determine which of them are the most expensive and do not have a benefit or cost greater than Its benefit as a result of waste and losses that accompany its implementation. And by applying to the Iraqi mechanical carpet factory, the research reached several conclusions, the most important of which is the presence of several sources of waste and loss, such as activities and operations that do not add value, whi

The research aims to examine the integration effect among resource consumption accounting (RCA) system and the enterprise resource planning (ERP) on both costs reduction and quality improvement. The study questioner form distributed to two different respondents as the unit of analysis. The research reached various conclusions most important of which is the integration relationship can help solve the special difficulties in managing the economic unit data. Moreover, the integration provides a clear picture of the causal relationships between resources, resource quantities, and associated costs

As material flow cost accounting technology focuses on the most efficient use of resources like energy and materials while minimizing negative environmental effects, the research aims to show how this technology can be applied to promote green productivity and its reflection in attaining sustainable development. In addition to studying sustainability, which helps to reduce environmental impacts and increase green productivity, the research aims to demonstrate the knowledge bases for accounting for the costs of material flow and green productivity. It also studies the technology of accounting for the costs of material flow in achieving sustainable development and the role of green productivity in achieving sustainable development. According

Abstract

The basic orientation of the research is an attempting to apply the cost determining method according in the contract sector projects for Al- Iraq ceneral company, that this subject has a big value according to its modernity and  its influence on the future  and the eaning of the company.

The research aims to find out the effect of the method for determining cost based on the activity in determining the cost of the construction sector projects.The research was conducted in Iraq General Company for the implementation of irrigation projects. Bani search on three assumptions, the first is (that the application of the method for determining the cost on the basis of