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Finite Element Based Solution of Laplace's Equation Applied to Electrical Activity of the Human Body
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Computer models are used in the study of electrocardiography to provide insight into physiological phenomena that are difficult to measure in the lab or in a clinical environment.

The electrocardiogram is an important tool for the clinician in that it changes characteristically in a number of pathological conditions. Many illnesses can be detected by this measurement. By simulating the electrical activity of the heart one obtains a quantitative relationship between the electrocardiogram and different anomalies.

Because of the inhomogeneous fibrous structure of the heart and the irregular geometries of the body, finite element method is used for studying the electrical properties of the heart.

This work describes the implementation of the Conjugate Gradient iterative method for the solution of large linear equation systems resulting from the finite element method. A diagonal Jacobi preconditioner is used in order to accelerate the convergence. Gaussian elimination is also implemented and compared with the Precondition Conjugate Gradient (PCG) method and with the iterative method. Different types of matrix storage schemes are implemented such as the Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) to achieve better performance. In order to demonstrate the validity of the finite element analysis, the technique is adopted to solve Laplace's equation that describes the electrical activity of the human body with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. An automatic mesh generator is built using C++ programming language.  Initially a complete finite element program is built to solve Laplace's equation. The same accuracy is obtained using these methods. The results show that the CSR format reduces computation time compared to the order format. The PCG method is better for the solution of large linear system (sparse matrices) than the Gaussian Elimination and back substitution method, while Gaussian elimination is better than iterative method.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Civil Engineering Journal
Calibration of a New Concrete Damage Plasticity Theoretical Model Based on Experimental Parameters
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The introduction of concrete damage plasticity material models has significantly improved the accuracy with which the concrete structural elements can be predicted in terms of their structural response. Research into this method's accuracy in analyzing complex concrete forms has been limited. A damage model combined with a plasticity model, based on continuum damage mechanics, is recommended for effectively predicting and simulating concrete behaviour. The damage parameters, such as compressive and tensile damages, can be defined to simulate concrete behavior in a damaged-plasticity model accurately. This research aims to propose an analytical model for assessing concrete compressive damage based on stiffness deterioration. The prop

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 24 2015
Journal Name
Robotica
Multi-level control of zero-moment point-based humanoid biped robots: a review
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SUMMARY<p>Researchers dream of developing autonomous humanoid robots which behave/walk like a human being. Biped robots, although complex, have the greatest potential for use in human-centred environments such as the home or office. Studying biped robots is also important for understanding human locomotion and improving control strategies for prosthetic and orthotic limbs. Control systems of humans walking in cluttered environments are complex, however, and may involve multiple local controllers and commands from the cerebellum. Although biped robots have been of interest over the last four decades, no unified stability/balance criterion adopted for stabilization of miscellaneous walking/running modes of biped </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Development of Iraqi License Plate Recognition System based on Canny Edge Detection Method
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In recent years, there has been expanding development in the vehicular part and the number of vehicles moving on the road in all the sections of the country. Vehicle number plate identification based on image processing is a dynamic area of this work; this technique is used for security purposes such as tracking of stolen cars and access control to restricted areas. The License Plate Recognition System (LPRS) exploits a digital camera to capture vehicle plate numbers is used as input to the proposed recognition system. Basically, the developing system is consist of three phases, vehicle license plate localization, character segmentation, and character recognition, the License Plate (LP) detection is presented using canny

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2011
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Performance Improvement of Neural Network Based RLS Channel Estimators in MIMO-OFDM Systems
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The objective of this study was tointroduce a recursive least squares (RLS) parameter estimatorenhanced by using a neural network (NN) to facilitate the computing of a bit error rate (BER) (error reduction) during channels estimation of a multiple input-multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system over a Rayleigh multipath fading channel.Recursive least square is an efficient approach to neural network training:first, the neural network estimator learns to adapt to the channel variations then it estimates the channel frequency response. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance compared to the conventional methods least square (LS) and the original RLS and it is more robust a

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 19 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-qadisiyah For Computer Science And Mathematics
Image Compression based on Fixed Predictor Multiresolution Thresholding of Linear Polynomial Nearlossless Techniques
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Image compression is a serious issue in computer storage and transmission,  that simply makes efficient use of redundancy embedded within an image itself; in addition, it may exploit human vision or perception limitations to reduce the imperceivable information Polynomial coding is a modern image compression technique based on modelling concept to remove the spatial redundancy embedded within the image effectively that composed of two parts, the  mathematical model and the residual. In this paper, two stages proposed technqies adopted, that starts by utilizing the lossy predictor model along with multiresolution base and thresholding techniques corresponding to first stage. Latter by incorporating the near lossless com

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 16 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base Folic Acid Based Ligand and Its Complexes
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D-mannose sugar was used to prepare [benzoic acid 6-formyl-2, 2-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuro [3, 4-d][1, 3] dioxol-4-yl ester](compound A). The condensation reaction of folic acid with (compound A) resulted in the formation of new ligand [L]. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis CHN, atomic absorption AA,(FT-IR),(UV-Vis), TLC, ES mass (for electrospray), molar conductance, and melting point. The new tetradentate ligand [L], reacted with two moles of some selected metal ions and two moles of (2-aminophenol),(metal: ligand: 2-aminophenol) at reflux in water medium to give a series of new complexes of the general formula K2 [M2 (L)(HA) 2] where M= Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II). These complexes were characterized by eleme

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2023
Journal Name
Ingénierie Des Systèmes D Information
Performance Evaluation of Multi-Organization E-Government Based on Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Platform
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 16 2022
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance of a Mobile Robot based on GWO Algorithm
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planning is among the most significant in the field of robotics research.  As it is linked to finding a safe and efficient route in a cluttered environment for wheeled mobile robots and is considered a significant prerequisite for any such mobile robot project to be a success. This paper proposes the optimal path planning of the wheeled mobile robot with collision avoidance by using an algorithm called grey wolf optimization (GWO) as a method for finding the shortest and safe. The research goals in this study for identify the best path while taking into account the effect of the number of obstacles and design parameters on performance for the algorithm to find the best path. The simulations are run in the MATLAB environment to test the

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 14 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Emergency Medicine, Trauma And Acute Care
Novel isolation and optimization of anti-MRSA bacteriophages using plaque-based biokinetic methods
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Background: MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a global health problem. Many people are looking for new ways to combat MRSA, for example by using bacteriophages (phages). It has been extremely challenging to isolate a sufficient quantity of lytic anti-MRSA phages. Therefore, new techniques for separating, refining, and reworking anti-MRSA phages were sought in this study.

Methods: Of 437 S. aureus isolates, nine clinical MRSA isolates were obtained from three hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq and two ATCC MRSA strains were used to separate wild anti-MRS

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
A Digital-Based Optimal AVR Design of Synchronous Generator Exciter Using LQR Technique
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In this paper a new structure for the AVR of the power system exciter is proposed and designed using digital-based LQR. With two weighting matrices R and Q,  this method produces an optimal regulator that is used to generate the feedback control law. These matrices are called state and control weighting matrices and are used to balance between the relative importance of the input and the states in the cost function that is being optimized. A sample power system composed of single machine connected to an infinite- bus bar (SMIB) with both a conventional and a proposed Digital AVR (DAVR) is simulated. Evaluation results show that the DAVR damps well the oscillations of the terminal voltage and presents a faster respo

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