The dyes Azo have a lengthy history and are a vital part of our daily lives. There are numerous potentials uses for these substances and their derivatives in various industries and environmental and biological research. In this study conversion of various azo compounds into other derivatives, complexes, and polymers was accomplished. This review included examining the chemistry reactions, synthesis, and applications of azo dye ligands and their complexes, mentioned spectral, analytical, thermal, and morphology methods of investigation, and confirmed by mass fragment mechanisms for some azo dyes and metal complexes. One of the aims of this review is to explain the role of these azo dye derivatives and the effect of metal complexes on leather which exhibits high light fastness, wash fastness, and rubbing fastness. The interaction of DNA has also been achieved. New metal complexes (Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) azo ligands derived from 4-amino antipyrine and 4-aminoacetophenone are reported. The nature of the compounds has been studied followed by methods of continuous contrast, Beer's law, and molar ratio. Analytical methods and spectra revealed the octahedral geometry of the complexes. The azo dye ligand and its metal (II) complexes possess appreciable microbial activities. Novel heterocyclic compounds and its complexes have been investigated. The relationship between the HOMO-LUMO gap and antibacterial activity was investigated computationally. Improved understanding of binding mechanisms was shown by the comparative molecular docking investigations. This review demonstrated the utilization of the polycrystalline Zn (II) metal complex as a sensitizer in organic dye-sensitized solar cells. Quinolinyl-azo-naphthol (HL) is a selective turn-on chemosensor for Al3+ in the presence of other ions, exhibiting a 750-fold rise in emission at 612 nm following activation at visible light (537 nm). The reported limit of detection (LOD) for the 3σ technique is 0.69 nM. During this review it was proven that the effective production of palladium nanoparticles with guar gum as a stabilizer and their use as a catalyst in reduction processes and azo dye degradation. The investigation describing and assessing thiazolyl azo ligand complexes with specific metal ions has been presented.( Zn (II), Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) ) complexes with azo ligands generated from metoclopramide hydrochloride were examined for their industrial and biological applications in cotton fabric dyeing, as well as for light and cleaner firmness. Additionally, the evaluation of the ligand and their complexes' antimicrobial and antifungal capabilities revealed that the ZnL molecule had the strongest antibacterial activity. The application characteristics of thiophene-derived dispersion dyes complexed with Zn, Cu, and Co metal on (polyester and Nylon 6.6), showed good to excellent light fastness, good to excellent wash fastness, excellent fastness to perspiration and sublimation, and good levelness on both materials with varying shades of brown and violet. The azo benzoic acid ligand derived from 2,4-dimethylphenol and 4-aminobenzoic acid has been identified by several spectroscopic methods and has been used as dispersion dyes on cotton textiles to test the antibacterial properties of the chemicals generated against a range of bacteria and fungus. Each primed complex has been proposed to have a tetrahedral geometrical structure for the obtained datum. There have been reports on the use of azo dyes in combination with nickel and its uses in dye-sensitized solar cells. Ten complexes of metals including Zn (II), Cu (II), Cd (II), Ni (II), and Co (II) as well as Phloroglucinol and antipyrine were used to create two unique azo-colorants, which were isolated and examined using a variety of techniques, wool, polyamide, and poly acetate fibers exhibit coloristic activity toward H3L1 and H3L2 as well as their metal complexes, demonstrating their strong resistance to UV radiation. Both in static and dynamic settings, the H3L2 compound exhibited a good sorption activity towards heavy metal cations from aqueous solutions of trace concentrations. A particular combination of selected transition metal ions is complexed with the azo compound, which is obtained from the (2-hydroxy quinoline: synthesis, characterization, thermal analysis, and antioxidant activity). These compounds' reactive oxygen entity degradation was evaluated with the DPPH radical and subsequently compared to gallic acid, a standard naturally occurring antioxidant. Finally, this review explains the metal chelates of the azo dye derivative sulfafurazole through synthesis, structure confirmation, molecular docking simulation, antibacterial, anticancer, and application in bioinorganic chemistry.
<p><span>Medium access control (MAC) protocol design plays a crucial role to increase the performance of wireless communications and networks. The channel access mechanism is provided by MAC layer to share the medium by multiple stations. Different types of wireless networks have different design requirements such as throughput, delay, power consumption, fairness, reliability, and network density, therefore, MAC protocol for these networks must satisfy their requirements. In this work, we proposed two multiplexing methods for modern wireless networks: Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA). The first research method namely Massive MIMO uses a massive numbe
... Show MoreThe emergence of such widespread pharmaceuticals as a pollutant has become one of the world's critical environmental problems that may lead to both the public's health and biodiversity deterioration. This article provides an exhaustive account of the current understanding of the environmental persistence of pharmaceutical contaminants following in-depth analysis of the additive effects of existing natural biodegradation pathways on the human health impact of these drugs. Paying special attention to biodegradation decomposing agents such as bacteria, fungi, and algae the paper estimates their ability to convert drug ingredients to compound that is eventually less toxic. Although these biologic systems contain an enormous potential fo
... Show MoreIn this paper, we will focus to one of the recent applications of PU-algebras in the coding theory, namely the construction of codes by soft sets PU-valued functions. First, we shall introduce the notion of soft sets PU-valued functions on PU-algebra and investigate some of its related properties.Moreover, the codes generated by a soft sets PU-valued function are constructed and several examples are given. Furthermore, example with graphs of binary block code constructed from a soft sets PU-valued function is constructed.
In this study, chemical oxidation was employed for the synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) nanofiber. Furthermore, PPy has been subjected to treatment using nanoparticles of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), which were produced and added in a certain ratio. The inquiry centered on the structural characteristics of the blend of polypyrrole and neodymium oxide after their combination. The investigation utilises X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) for PPy, 10%, 30%, and 50% by volume of Nd2O3. According to the electrochemical tests, it has been noted that the nanocomposites exhibit a substantial amount of pseudocapacitive activity.
With the rapid development of smart devices, people's lives have become easier, especially for visually disabled or special-needs people. The new achievements in the fields of machine learning and deep learning let people identify and recognise the surrounding environment. In this study, the efficiency and high performance of deep learning architecture are used to build an image classification system in both indoor and outdoor environments. The proposed methodology starts with collecting two datasets (indoor and outdoor) from different separate datasets. In the second step, the collected dataset is split into training, validation, and test sets. The pre-trained GoogleNet and MobileNet-V2 models are trained using the indoor and outdoor se
... Show MoreThe deployment of UAVs is one of the key challenges in UAV-based communications while using UAVs for IoT applications. In this article, a new scheme for energy efficient data collection with a deadline time for the Internet of things (IoT) using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is presented. We provided a new data collection method, which was set to collect IoT node data by providing an efficient deployment and mobility of multiple UAV, used to collect data from ground internet of things devices in a given deadline time. In the proposed method, data collection was done with minimum energy consumption of IoTs as well as UAVs. In order to find an optimal solution to this problem, we will first provide a mixed integer linear programming m
... Show MoreAZ Khalaf, M kassim Haidir, LK Jasim, Iraqi Journal of Science, 2012