The finding of novel pollutants in a multitude of surface water bodies worldwide has recently caused environmentalists to face challenges. Therefore, the development of low-cost, efficient technologies is required to provide a safe, pollution-free water environment. The attapulgite surface was used in this study because it has a good absorbent surface for removing bromocresol purple dye from its aqueous solutions. Because attapulgite has a high absorption capacity, it can be used to remove pollutants in both its normal and modified states. Factors affecting adsorption were studied, such as the weight of the adsorbent surface, the initial concentration of the adsorbent, contact time, and the effect of temperature. Clay was ground, cleaned multiple times with ionic distilled water to remove any potentially dissolving materials, and then dried at 160°C. After that, each vial was filled with attapulgite clay, which was then placed in contact with the adsorbent at varying temperatures in a water bath with a vibrator. Adsorption data were also applied to isothermal models such as the isotherms of the Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir. Their constants showed that the Freundlich model is the most appropriate for the system under study. Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G°, ∆S° ∆, and H° were also studied, and it was found that the adsorption is of the exothermic type and is non-spontaneous. According to the study, the bromocresol purple dye can be effectively removed using activated attapulgite clay, a cheap and easily accessible adsorbent material that was transported from Iraq.
Background: The use of Miswak, chewing sticks (salvadorapersica) can be traced back to Babylonians some 7000 years ago. It is commonly used throughout the world especially for the purpose of oral hygiene. Muslims are using as the religious view. Current study aimed to test the ability of aqueous siwak extract to increase the resistance of enamel surface against acid dissolution compared to sodium fluoride. Materials and Method: Twenty maxillary first premolars were treated with the selected solutions included two aqueous siwak extract concentration(5%,10%) and sodium fluoride(0.05%)as control positive for 2 minutes once daily for 20days interval, de ionized water was used as control negative. The concentration of the dissolved phosphorus i
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The surface finish of the machining part is the mostly important characteristics of products quality and its indispensable customers’ requirement. Taguchi robust parameters designs for optimizing for surface finish in turning of 7025 AL-Alloy using carbide cutting tool has been utilized in this paper. Three machining variables namely; the machining speeds (1600, 1900, and 2200) rpm, depth of cut (0.25, 0.50, 0.75) mm and the feed rates (0.12, 0.18, 0.24) mm/min utilized in the experiments. The other variables were considered as constants. The mean surface finish was utilized as a measuring of surface quality. The results clarified that increasing the speeds reduce the surface roughness, while it rises with increasing the depths and fee
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Water level and distribution is very essential in almost all life aspects. Natural and artificial lakes represent a large percentage of these water bodies in Iraq. In this research the changes in water levels are observed by calculating the areas of five different lakes in five different regions and two different marshes in two different regions of the country, in a period of 12 years (2001 - 2012), archived remotely sensed images were used to determine surface areas around lakes and marshes in Iraq for the chosen years . Level of the lakes corresponding to satellite determined surface areas were retrieved from remotely sensed data .These data were collected to give explanations on lake level and surface area fluctuations. It is imp
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