In this work, silver (Ag) self-metallization on a polyimide (PI) film was prepared through autocatalytic plating. PI films were prepared through the solution casting method, followed by etching with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, sensitization with tin chloride (SnCl2), and the use of palladium chloride (PdCl2) to activate the surface of PI. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed the highest peak in the (Ag) region and confirmed the presence of AgNPs. The diffraction peaks at 2θ = 38.2°, 44.5°, 64.6°, and 78.2° represented the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of Ag, respectively. The FT–IR analysis for Ag-metalized PI showed that the =C-O-C= stretching absorption bands at 1735 cm−1 had no changes in position, only a significant difference in peak size at the deposition time increase. The formation of new bands (N–H stretching absorption band and N–C stretching band) assigned at 2325 and 955 cm−1 indicated strong coordination between N atoms and silver nanoparticles. The C–C stretching and = C–H plane vibration band at 1488 and 1117 cm−1 are shifted to 1413 and 1112 cm−1, indicating the silver nanoparticles' interaction with the polymer backbone. The thermal stability of PI- and Ag-metalized PI films at various deposition times (5, 10, and 15 min) was examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For PI, T0, T5, T10, and Tmax were observed to be 388°C, 402°C, 414°C, and 515°C, respectively. When the deposition time increased, the thermal stability increased. As a function of the deposition, the thickness and surface morphology of the copper layer on the PI films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Financial institutions, including banks, remain a major target for money launderers in order to transfer illegal funds to legitimate funds through limited internal audit procedures and external auditing.
The study is a study of the operations of money laundering and what can be done by the verification efforts when integrated in the fight against them, by analyzing the level of cooperative relationship and communication between them. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire prepared for this purpose was distributed to an appropriate sample of (60) auditors of the internal audit staff of the Central Bank of Iraq and the external auditors working in the Federal control foundation Accordingly , appropriate methods wer
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to employ the roundhouse strategy to study its impact on the students achievement of the 10th grade in physics and their core thinking. After the application of the research experience and gaining data, which was processed statistically using the statistical packages program (SPSS). The results of the researcher revealed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied using the roundhouse strategy on the students of the control group who studied the usual method in the achievement test. As results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group and the average scores of the control group students in the core thinking test and
... Show MoreIlliteracy has spread in the last years, although it was eliminated in the 1980s. The return of illiteracy brings ignorance, illness, backwardness and regression among nations. It has taken many types, mainly alphabetical, scientific and computer illiteracy. Hence, the increasing nature of illiteracy has attracted the attention of governments and societies alike. This may touch the reality of societies starting with their youth unless those, who are in charge, will find workable solutions for the existing problems. The results of the study revealed that there is a real disaster awaiting the next generation after years of stray, and ignorance of the people in charge who are too engaged in getting their privileges to care about this proble
... Show MoreThis Study was conducted out at the Ministry of Agriculture's Poultry Research Station/Animal Resources Department/Agricultural Research Center. To see how body weight (BW) and leptin hormone (LEP) levels in breeder blood affect fertility and hatchability. 140 Iraqi local laying chickens (120 females + 20 males) aged 28 weeks were used in the study. Following the numbering of females, the birds were grown in individual cages and dispersed sequentially on cages. The experiment was divided into three periods, each lasting 28 days, during which the breeder's live body weight was recorded and divided into two categories (greater than 1.5 kg and less than 1.5 kg), and blood samples were collected at the end of each period to determine th
... Show MoreGiven an exterior algebra over a finite dimension vector space v, and let , where is a graded ideal in . The relation between the algebra and regarding to -quadratic and - quadratic will be investigated. We show that the algebra is - quadratic if and only if is - quadratic. Furthermore, it has been shown that the algebra is - quadratic if and only if is - quadratic.
Essential oils of eucalyptus leaves and clove buds were isolated and tested for their bioherbicidal potential on different annual weed species. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry analysis (GC-MS) identified thirteen compounds representing around 87.11% of the total isolated eucalyptus oil. The main constituent was 1,8-cineole, which accounted for 68.15% of the total identified compounds. As for clove oil, eleven compounds were identified, representing 90.03% of the total compounds. Eugenol was the dominant compound and accounted for 73.89%. The bioherbicidal efficacy of the two oils and their combinations by three concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10%) were tested on four weedy species, namely Chenopodium album, Raph
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