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Estimation of fatty acids methyl esters FAME of castor oil in biodiesel samples using refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity measurements
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The content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is a crucial property of biodiesel and serves as an indicator of the transesterification reaction that converts vegetable oil into biodiesel. To facilitate the rapid estimation of FAME quickly in the biodiesel industries, simple methods such as measuring refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity measurements were employed to monitor the progress of transesterification of castor oil to biodiesel. Blends of castor oil and biodiesel were mixed at different weights to find correlations between FAME content and refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity measurements. The transesterification of castor oil with methanol was carried out to examine how the refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity properties change in relation to the conversion ratio. The results show that the optimal conditions for the transesterification of castor oil with methanol involve using amethanolic solution of KOH at 45 °C and 150 min with 18:1 mole ratio. This study demonstrated that these measurements were simple, fast, and suitable for monitoring the conversion of castor oil to its methyl and determining the % FAME content in  castor biodiesel prepared. 

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2026
Journal Name
Univesity Of Thi-qar Journal
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Water Samples of Euphrates River in Nasiriya City, Iraq
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Publication Date
Tue Sep 30 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Geomechanical properties evaluation of Mauddud formation based on experimental measurements and well log data
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    Mauddud formation is one of the most prominent formations in Northeastern Iraq due to its significant hydrocarbon reserves, making accurate geomechanical characterization essential for safe drilling operations and informed development planning. This study constructs a calibrated post-drill one dimensional mechanical earth model (1D-MEM) for selected wells, levering Techlog software to integrate rock mechanical data, image logs, multi-arm caliper measurements, conventional well logs, drilling reports, and core analyses. The methodology provides a detailed workflow for estimating geomechanical properties from log and image analysis to model calibration. Validation of the 1-D MEM performed through cross-comparison with direct me

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 01 2025
Journal Name
Chemical Engineering Research And Design
Efficient degradation of methyl red in wastewater via induced electro-Fenton process
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Analysis the Results of Laboratory Tests of Gypsum Soil Samples at Salah-Aldeen City by Using the GIS Program
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Abstract<p>This paper has dealing with experimentally works which includes properties of materials and testing program. The testing program includes rotine characterization tests, chemical, and physical tests for samples of gypseous soil. Samples of disturbed and undisturbed soil was obtained of seven different locations of Salah-Aldeen province. The unified classification system was adopted of study region. Except sample 7, soil categorization (as poorly graded sand) was a good graded sand soil. Samples had non plasticity rate (NP). The results of laboratory tests (by using Arc-Map GIS program) were enhanced by spatial interpolation mapping utilizing Inverse Distance Weighted Scheme.</p>
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Publication Date
Sat Nov 01 2014
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Impact Dynamic Plasticity for CK45
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Abstract

This paper represents a study of the effect of the soil type, the drilling parameters and the drilling tool properties on the dynamic vibrational behavior of the drilling rig and its assessment in the drilling system. So first, an experimental drilling rig was designed and constructed to embrace the numerical work.

The experimental work included implementation of the drill-string in different types of soil with different properties according to the difference in the grains size, at different rotational speeds (RPM), and different weights on bit (WOB) (Thrust force), in a way that allows establishing the charts that correlate the vibration acceleration, the rate of penetration (ROP), and the power

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Risk And Financial Management
A Multidimensional View of Intellectual Capital and Dynamic Innovative Performance
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A review of the literature on intellectual capital development was conducted using systemic criteria for the inclusion of relevant studies. The concepts behind the ideas explored in the present study were discussed in respect to the subject matter. Examining the past state of the art in the intellectual capital sector for achieving high levels of innovation performance provided a multidimensional picture of intellectual capital, innovation performance, and dynamic capabilities. The present review was designed to illustrate the correlation between intellectual capital and innovation performance, as well as the role of dynamic capabilities in moderating the relationship between these constructs. Accordingly, we presented an extensive

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Production of Methyl Ethyl Ketone from N-Butane
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Studying the Magnetohydrodynamics for Williamson Fluid with Varying Temperature and Concentration in an Inclined Channel with Variable Viscosity
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        In this paper, the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) for Williamson fluid with varying temperature and concentration in an inclined channel with variable viscosity has been examined. The perturbation technique in terms of the Weissenberg number  to obtain explicit forms for the velocity field has been used. All the solutions of physical parameters of the Darcy parameter , Reynolds number , Peclet number  and Magnetic parameter  are discussed under the different values as shown in plots.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Biochem. Cell. Arch
A comparative study of amino acids in stomach regions of Felis catus (Domestic cat) and Sciurus carolinesis (Eastern gray squirrel)
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Amino acids were analyzed in stomach regions of males & females of Felis catus (Domestic Cat) & Sciurus carolinesis (Eastern Gray Squirrel ), where it was stated that there are (18) amino acids as following : Aspartic acid (Asp), Glutamic acid (Gla), Serine (Ser), Arginine (Arg), Aspargine ( Asn), Cysteine (Cys), Alanine (Ala), Proline (Pro), Glyscine (Gly), Threonine (Thr), Tyrosine (Tyr), Valine (Val), Methionine (Met), Histidine ( His), Isoleucine (ile), Leucine (leu), Phenylalanine (Phe ) and Lysine (lys). Results have shown there are significant differences in concentration of amino acids between different region of stomach between males & females of Felis catus in part and between males & females of Sciurus carolinesis (Eastern Gray S

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
High performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of guaifenesin in pharmaceutical syrups and in environmental samples
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A simple, precise, rapid, and accurate reversed – phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of guaifenesin in pure from pharmaceutical formulations.andindustrial effluent. Chromatography was carried out on supelco L7 reversed- phase column (25cm × 4.6mm), 5 microns, using a mixture of methanol –acetonitrile-water: (80: 10 :10 v/v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml.min-1. Detection was performed at 254nm at ambient temperature. The retention time for guaifenesin was found 2.4 minutes. The calibration curve was linear (r= 0.9998) over a concentration range from 0.08 to 0.8mg/ml. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification ( LOQ) were found 6µg/ml and 18µg/ml res

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