PVC membrane sensor for the selective determination of Mefenamic acid (MFA) was constructed. The sensor is based on ion association of MFA with Dodecaphospho molybdic acid (PMA) and Dodeca–Tungstophosphoric acid(PTA) as ion pairs. Nitro benzene (NB) and di-butyl phthalate (DBPH) were used as plasticizing agents in PVC matrix membranes. The specification of sensor based on PMA showed a linear response of a concentration range 1.0 × 10–2 –1.0 × 10–5 M, Nernstian slopes of 17.1-18.86 mV/ decade, detection limit of 7 × 10-5 -9.5 × 10 -7M, pH range 3 – 8 , with correlation coefficients lying between 0.9992 and 0.9976, respectively. By using the ionphore based on PTA gives a concentration range of 1.0 × 10–4 –1.0 × 10–5 M,

The physical and morphological characteristics of porous silicon (PS) synthesized via gas sensor was assessed by electrochemical etching for a Si wafer in diluted HF acid in water (1:4) at different etching times and different currents. The morphology for PS wafers by AFM show that the average pore diameter varies from 48.63 to 72.54 nm with increasing etching time from 5 to 15min and from 72.54 to 51.37nm with increasing current from 10 to 30 mA. From the study, it was found that the gas sensitivity of In2O3: CdO semiconductor, against NO2 gas, directly correlated to the nanoparticles size, and its sensitivity increases with increasing operating temperature.

Thin films of vanadium oxide nanoparticles doped with different concentrations of europium oxide (2, 4, 6, and 8) wt % are deposited on glass and Si substrates with orientation (111) utilizing by pulsed laser deposition technique using Nd:YAG laser that has a wavelength of 1064 nm, average frequency of 6 Hz and pulse duration of 10 ns. The films were annealed in air at 300 °C for two hours, then the structural, morphological and optical properties are characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. The X-ray diffraction results of V2O5:Eu2O3 exhibit that the film has apolycrystalline monoclinic V2O5 and triclinic V4O7 phases. The FESEM image shows a h

A substantial matter to confidential messages' interchange through the internet is transmission of information safely. For example, digital products' consumers and producers are keen for knowing those products are genuine and must be distinguished from worthless products. Encryption's science can be defined as the technique to embed the data in an images file, audio or videos in a style which should be met the safety requirements. Steganography is a portion of data concealment science that aiming to be reached a coveted security scale in the interchange of private not clear commercial and military data. This research offers a novel technique for steganography based on hiding data inside the clusters that resulted from fuzzy clustering. T

This study came to discuss the subject of industries dependent on petrochemical industries in Iraq (plastic as a model) during the period 2005–2020, and the study concluded that the plastic industries contribute to areas of advancement and progress and opportunities to deal efficiently with the challenges posed by the new variables, the most important of which is the information revolution. communications and trade liberalization, and this is what contributes to the competitiveness of these industries. And because the petrochemical industry in Iraq has an active role in establishing plastic industrial clusters and clusters of micro, small, and medium industries by providing the necessary feedstock for these industries in various fields