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Enhanced Security Taxonomy for Fog-Enabled VANETs: A Comprehensive Survey on Attacks, Challenges, Applications and Architectures
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Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are integral to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), enabling real-time communication between vehicles and infrastructure to enhance traffic flow, road safety, and passenger experience. However, the open and dynamic nature of VANETs presents significant privacy and security challenges, including data eavesdropping, message manipulation, and unauthorized access. This study addresses these concerns by leveraging advancements in Fog Computing (FC), which offers lowlatency, distributed data processing near-end devices to enhance the resilience and security of VANET communications. The paper comprehensively analyzes the security frameworks for fog-enabled VANETs, introducing a novel taxonomy that classifies threats, attack vectors, and mitigation strategies across various applications and architectures. Additionally, this study outlines methods for secure data sharing, real-time authentication, and threat mitigation while evaluating emerging security frameworks. By highlighting the advantages of FC—such as localized data privacy management, mobility support, and real-time decision-making—this survey establishes a foundation for future research and innovation in developing secure, scalable, and robust VANET systems. The findings offer practical implications for designing next-generation ITS with enhanced security and operational efficiency.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 18 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Genetic And Environment Conservation
Ultrasound application as a new green technology for preservation of table eggs: A review
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In recent years, there has been a significant increase in research demonstrating the new and diverse uses of non-thermal food processing technologies, including more efficient mixing and blending processes, faster energy and mass transfer, lower temperature and selective extraction, reduced thermal and concentration gradients, reduced equipment size, faster response to extraction control, faster start-up, increased production, and a reduction in the number of steps in preparation and processing. Applications of ultrasound technology have indicated that this technology has a promising and significant future in the food industry and preservation, and there is a wide scope for its use due to the higher purity of final products and the

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 06 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Mothers’ Attitudes toward Readiness for Discharge Care at Home for a Premature Baby in Intensive Care Unit at Teaching Hospitals in Medical City Complex
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Objectives:
To evaluate mothers’ attitudes toward readiness for discharge care at home for a premature baby in Intensive Care Unit at teaching hospitals in Medical City Complex and to find out the relationship between mothers’ attitudes and their socio-demographic characteristics.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental study design was carried out through the period of 6th January 2020 to 2021 to 11th March 2021, to evaluate mother’s attitude toward discharge care plan for premature babies. The study carried out in Welfare Teaching Hospital, Nursing Home Hospital and Baghdad Teaching Hospital at Medical City Complex in Baghdad City on 30 mother of premature babies in neonatal intensive care units using the nonprobability sampling

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 28 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of College Of Physical Education
Design and standardization of a progressively difficult educational test for football passing skills for first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
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Standards play a vital role in documenting the values ​​of new test results in the form of tables. They are one of the basic requirements that the standardization process aims for as a complement to standardizing test procedures, and contribute to knowing the current reality of the student. The degree of readiness and level as a result of practicing different exercises for sports activities, in addition to the possibility of adopting it for comparison with his group or similar groups, classification, prediction and selection. Developing the skill of handling the football in the educational field is an important matter for achieving distinguished performance among students. This skill requires a level of accuracy, speed and control, and

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
African Journal Of Hospitality, Tourism And Leisure
Effect of Employees' Abilities on Successful ICT Application and Sustainable Development Goals: a Descriptive Study in hospitality Organizations in Iraq
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of ICT applications in public service organizations, which is responsible for the implementation of public policy. The study examined the success of ICT in achieving its goals by meeting the main needs of the community members which is the first requirement in the success of sustainable development plans before determine the capabilities of ICT. The main pillar of success in the implementation of ICT systems is the key to improving the efficiency of the organization's performance. This is a reflection of the effectiveness and quality of the services provided to its beneficiaries. The study concluded that the current level of capabilities of individuals working in public organizations i

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
The Asian Efl Journal
The Effect of Flow as a Strategy on EFL Student-teachers' Performance and their Flow
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This study aims at suggesting flow as a strategy for training female EFL student-teachers in the teaching training course and finding out the effect of this strategy on their performance and their flow state. The training course syllabuses will be constructed according to the flow nine factors and the teaching skills. The measurement tools are the student-teacher performance checklist that has already been used by the department of English language and SHORT Flow State Scale (S FSS-2). The study population is represented with the (60) female student-teachers/ fourth stage/ evening studies at theEnglish department /college of education for women/the University of Baghdad. The study is used the experimental design in that (30) of the student-

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Scopus
Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Structural and Electrical Properties Dependence on annealing temperature of a-Ge: Sb/c-Si Heterojunction
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Divorce and its effects on women rights - A field study in Baghdad city / ALMADAIN COURT
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The problem of divorce from the phenomena that characterized the nature of privacy,
although their impact beyond the individual to include the community as a whole, the parties
to the relationship affected by divorce caused them harm moral and material for a long time,
resulting imbalance in the personal relationship and family and social relations because of the
high divorce rates, particularly in Iraq high rates of 28690 thousand cases in 2004 to 59 515
thousand cases in 2011 and an increase of more than (100%) during the period above, and this
rise caused by aggravation of many of the problems led the reasons for social, economic and
incompatibility spouses, health and lack of reproduction, not spending The wife a

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 22 2019
Journal Name
Chalcogenide Letters
CONCENTRATION EFFECTS ON ELECTRONIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF ZnCdS WURTZOIDS: A DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDY
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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Transfocation Technique to Overcome Atmospheric Scintillation Effect on a Laser Detection and Tracking System (LDTS)
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Atmospheric transmission is disturbed by scintillation, where scintillation caused more beam divergence. In this work target image spot radius was calculated in presence of atmospheric scintillation. The calculation depend on few relevant equation based on atmospheric parameter (for Middle East), tracking range, expansion ratio of applied beam expander's, receiving unit lens F-number, and the laser wavelength besides photodetector parameter. At maximum target range Rmax =20 km, target image radius is at its maximum Rs=0.4 mm. As the range decreases spot radius decreases too, until the range reaches limit (4 km) at which target image spot radius at its minimum value (0.22 mm). Then as the range decreases, spot radius increases due to geom

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
HRA and its Impact on Employees Performance: A Field Research in the Ministry of Education
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          The research aims to determine the impact of Human Resources Accounting (HRA) on employee’s performance. The research’s problem was embodied in the lack of interest in HRA, which was reflected on the performance of employees in the Ministry of Education; the research adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, and the research community included the directors of departments and people at the headquarters of the Ministry of Education. The sample size was (224) individuals from the total community of 533. The questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for collecting data and information, as well as the interviews that were conducted by the researcher. In order to analyze t

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