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An Effect of Al on the Properties of ZnIn<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> Thin Film
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Abstract<p>Zinc-indium-selenide ZnIn<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub> (ZIS) ternary chalcopyrite thin film on glass with a 500 nm thickness was fabricated by using the thermal evaporation system with a pressure of approximately 2.5×10<sup>−5</sup> mbar and a deposition rate of 12 Å/s. The effect of aluminum (Al) doping with 0.02 and 0.04 ratios on the structural and optical properties of film was examined. The utilization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to showcase the influence of aluminum doping on structural properties. XRD shows that thin ZIS-pure, Al-doped films at RT are polycrystalline with tetragonal structure and preferred (112) orientation. Where the degree of crystallinity is raised. The effect of Al content on surface roughness and average diameter was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that both surface roughness and average diameter increased with an increasing Al ratio until they reached their maximum values of 12.93 nm and 61.56 nm, respectively. Optical characteristics of ZIS thin film and the impact of aluminum on optical parameters have been investigated, and it was found that the optical energy (<inline-formula> <tex-math></tex-math> <math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow> <mi>opt</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math> </inline-formula>), absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), both the real (ε<sub>r</sub>) and imaginary (ε<sub>i</sub>) components of the dielectric constant have values of (1.8 eV), (3.11×10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>), (0.111), (2.3), (5.36), and (0.517), respectively, for ZIS thin films at an Al ratio equal to 0.04.</p>
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 04 2012
Journal Name
J Bagh College Dentistry
Azithomycin as an adjunctive to non-surgical treatment in comparison with doxycycline in chronic periodontitis patients: 2-months randomized clinical trial
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Evaluation of the effect of local exogenous application of osteopontin on wound healing in rats
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Background: Wound healing is a complex dynamical interaction between various cell types, the extracellular matrix, cytokines, and growth factors. osteoponetin is a substance that acts as an anti-inflammatory. Aims of study: The study was designed to identify the role of local exogenous applications of osteopontin on wound healing (in cheek skin). Materials and methods: Thirty adult male albino rats weighting an average of (250-300gm) used in this study, incisional wounds were made in the skin of the cheek of rat and they were divided into the following groups: A-Control group: 15 rats treated with 1µ l of normal saline B-Experimental groups: 15 rats treated with topical application of 1µl osteopontin. The scarification of animals we

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Effect of irrigation type and method on the cost of producing dunum of wheat crop
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Abstract :  This research is concerned with studying the best type and method of  irrigation as well as the best cultivated area to reduce the cost of producing  dunums of wheat crop in Iraq , and was based on data taken from the Ministry of Planning / Central Statistical Organization About cost of wheat crop production for (12) Iraqi governorates except Kurdistan, Nineveh, Salah al-Din, Anbar) and the sample size (554) according to the cost survey carried out by the Ministry of Planning / Central Statistical Organization for 2017, The results of the research showed that there are significant statistical differences between production costs when using t

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of temperature on viability of human hydatid cyst & study the volume of hydatid cyst
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The hydatid materials were collected and studied, so they were contained 50 fertile human hydatid cases {33 (66%) females and 17 (34%) males}. They were collected from Al-Ramadi General Hospital during the period from December, 2003 to July, 2004 .Cysts were observed in 40 (80%) from the liver, 5 (10%) from the lungs, 3 (6%) from the kidney and 2 (4%) cysts from urinary bladder. The specimens were taken from patients of different ages. The in vitro viability of protoscoleces was assessed on the basis of flame cell activity and eosein exclusion, which were considered as criteria to determine the death or viability of protoscoleces. In addition to this movement (flame cell activity), another motility like constriction – relaxatio

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 01 2020
Journal Name
Key Engineering Materials
Effect of Coefficient of Variation on the Reliability of Collapse Potential's Equation Predicted by ANNs
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In this paper, the Reliability Analysis with utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) process was conducted on the equation of the collapse potential predicted by ANN to study its reliability when utilized in a situation of soil that has uncertainty in its properties. The prediction equation utilized in this study was developed previously by the authors. The probabilities of failure were then plotted against a range of uncertainties expressed in terms of coefficient of variation. As a result of reliability analysis, it was found that the collapse potential equation showed a high degree of reliability in case of uncertainty in gypseous sandy soil properties within the specified coefficient of variation (COV) for each property. When t

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 17 2023
Journal Name
Biomass Conversion And Biorefinery
Effect of green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanomaterial on the removal of cefixime from aqueous solution
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In this paper, two types of iron oxide nanomaterial (Fe3O4) and nanocomposite (T-Fe3O4) were created from the bio-waste mass of tangerine peel. These two materials were utilized for adsorption tests to remove cefixime (CFX) from an aqueous solution. Before the adsorption application, both adsorbents have been characterized by various characterizations such as XRD, FTIR, VSM, TEM, and FESEM. The mesoporous nano-crystalline structure of Fe3O4 and T-Fe3O4 nanocomposite with less than 100-nm diameter is confirmed. The adsorption of the obtained adsorbents was evaluated for CFX removal by adjusting several operation parameters to optimize the removal. The optimal conditions for CFX removal were found to be an initial concentration of 40 and 50 m

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Methods of using the periodic chart in the case of the missing values of the stable AR model (2)
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In this study, we investigate the behavior of the estimated spectral density function of stationary time series in the case of missing values, which are generated by the second order Autoregressive (AR (2)) model, when the error term for the AR(2) model has many of continuous distributions. The Classical and Lomb periodograms used to study the behavior of the estimated spectral density function by using  the simulation.

 

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 15 2021
Journal Name
Plant Archives
AN ECONOMIC STUDY TO MEASURE THE IMPACT OF THE MAIN VARIABLES ON RURAL POVERTY IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD 1990-2019
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Publication Date
Tue Jul 22 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
POLITICAL TRENDS OF CARICATURE: (in Al-Sharq Al-Awsat Newspaper)
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The importance of studying the political trends of caricature in Al-Sharq Al-Awsat Newspaper comes from the importance of this magical and satirical journalistic art, as it addresses various trends with satirical criticism that exposes the negative sides and affects the reader’s consciousness in a way or another by contributing to the public opinion about these issues and topics that affect people's lives and their future. Therefore, this art is no less important than the other arts, on the contrary, it complements the other arts and also contributes to the importance of Journalism. Also, the choice of Al-Sharq Al-Awsat Newspaper as being one of the most widely circulated and prominent Arab newspapers, t

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2015
Journal Name
Mathematical Methods In The Applied Sciences
An inverse problem of finding the time-dependent diffusion coefficient from an integral condition
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