Exploring the antibacterial potential of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) in combination with gentamicin (GEN) against pathogenic molds, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has drawn concern due to the quest for natural treatment options against incurable diseases. Prospective research directions include looking for natural cures for many of the currently incurable diseases available now. microbial identification system, were used to identify the isolates. The research utilized a range of methods, such as the diffusion agar well (AWD) assays, TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) to analyze bacterial expression and the antibacterial action of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) combined with gentamicin (GEN) against the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa between others. The combined effects of neem oil and GEN on P. aeruginosa are extensively investigated in this study, with particular attention paid to the downregulation of the virulent factor gene phzM, inhibition of biofilm formation, morphological changes, and gene expression, in that proportion. Results show that neem oil has strong antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, preventing the formation of biofilms and causing morphological alterations. In addition, the synergistic effects of neem oil and GEN are demonstrated, together in order with the downregulation of the phzM gene in P. aeruginosa. These results highlight the increased effectiveness of neem oil when combined with GEN and point to the potential of the oil as a stand-alone antibacterial agent. They also highlight the need for more study to overcome antibiotic resistance in harmful bacteria. Overall, our results point to a possibility that neem oil extract, either alone or in combination with GEN, can suppress the development of pathogenic microbes. This synergistic impact is related to the downregulation of a virulence factor gene. To address the drug resistance linked to pathogenic microbes, greater study is required. Novelty of study addresses the important issue of antibiotic resistance by exploring the potential synergistic effects of neem oil and gentamicin on pathogenic bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This topic is highly relevant in the context of the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Novelty and relevance the important issue of antibiotic resistance by exploring the potential synergistic effects of neem oil and gentamicin on pathogenic bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This topic is highly relevant in the context of the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
In the field of implantology, peri-implantitis is still a common complication of implant failure. Similar to periodontal disease, this kind of pathological condition is characterized by inflammation of the tissues surrounding dental implants or fillings. The sources of infection have been shown to be chronic periodontitis and poor maintenance of the communion. A thorough examination of the intricate components of peri-implantitis was sought in this review in order to identify common characteristics of the disease with regard to bacteria, biofilm formation, host immunological responses, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic treatments. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed overview of the different bacterial species associated
... Show MoreBackground: Maxillary sinusitis can arise after sinus floor elevation surgery and should be treated immediately to prevent further complications which included dental implants failure, graft lost, and oro-antral fistula. This is the first systematic review to assess the incidence, causes, and treatment of sinusitis after sinus lift surgery. Materials and methods: An electronic search included MEDLINE (PUBMED) data base site was carried out for articles involving development of sinusitis after sinus lift surgery from September 1997 up to April, 8, 2017. The search was done and reviewed by two independent authors. Results: The total results of electronic search were (182) abstracts and articles, the extracted articles which involved develo
... Show MoreThe objective review is to inspect the involvement of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to highlight the role of IL-6 and its variants in the pathogenesis of RA and response to anti-IL-6 agents. Several genetic and environmental risk factors and infectious agents contributed to the development of RA. Interleukin-6 is engaged in self-targeted immunity by modifying the equilibrium between T regulatory (T-reg) and T helper-17 (Th-17) cells. The evidences reported that IL-6 parti
Ultra-High Temperature Materials (UHTMs) are at the base of entire aerospace industry; these high stable materials at temperatures exceeding 1600 °C are used to manage the heat shielding to protect vehicles and probes during the hypersonic flight through reentry trajectory against aerodynamic heating and reducing plasma surface interaction. Those materials are also recognized as Thermal Protection System Materials (TPSMs). The structural materials used during the high-temperature oxidizing environment are mainly limited to SiC, oxide ceramics, and composites. In addition to that, silicon-based ceramic has a maximum-use at 1700 °C approximately; as it is an active oxidation process o
Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely acknowledged as a leading advanced material structure, offering superior properties compared to traditional materials, and has found diverse applications in several industrial sectors, such as that of automobiles, aircrafts, and power plants. However, the production of CFRP composites is prone to fabrication problems, leading to structural defects arising from cycling and aging processes. Identifying these defects at an early stage is crucial to prevent service issues that could result in catastrophic failures. Hence, routine inspection and maintenance are crucial to prevent system collapse. To achieve this objective, conventional nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are utilized to i
... Show MoreRecent reports of new pollution issues brought on by the presence of medications in the aquatic environment have sparked a great deal of interest in studies aiming at analyzing and mitigating the associated environmental risks, as well as the extent of this contamination. The main sources of pharmaceutical contaminants in natural lakes and rivers include clinic sewage, pharmaceutical production wastewater, and sewage from residences that have been contaminated by drug users' excretions. In evaluating the health of rivers, pharmaceutical pollutants have been identified as one of the emerging pollutants. The previous studies showed that the contaminants in pharmaceuticals that are widely used are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ant
... Show MoreNerium oleander known as oleander has belonged to the poisonous plants its habitat in a tropical andsubtropical region. The chemical analysis with GC-Mass of the alcoholic extract of oleander leaves revealedthat this plant has many chemical compounds more than 80 compounds and high-peaks about 29 compoundswhich are represented by alkaloids, phenol, terpenes, and fatty acid. HPLC analysis showed many essentialoils that have many biological effects.To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the alcoholic extract of N. oleander against locally isolatedPseudomonas aeroginosa the broth micro-dilution method was adapted to different concentrations werestarted from 3.9 to1000 mg/ml. The results revealed that the alcoholic extract has antiba
... Show MoreBackground Type two diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insufficient insulin production and secretion. Additionally, the body develops insulin resistance which affects 90–95% of diabetics. Complex cytokines, receptors, genetic pathways, and the immune system are involved in T2DM. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is one of the inflammatory cytokines associated with Type 2 diabetes. Environmental and genetic variables, including genetic polymorphisms, can increase T2DM risk and its consequences. Single nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) are important risk factors for diabetes that can be used to find the disease early and treat it better. Objective This study aimed to determine the levels of IL-18 in the serum of Iraqi patients with Type 2 diabetes
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