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Numerical Investigation of Drag Reduction Techniques in a Car Model
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Abstract<p>Reducing the drag force has become one of the most important concerns in the automotive industry. This study concentrated on reducing drag through use of some external modifications of passive flow control, such as vortex generators, rear under body diffuser slices and a rear wing spoiler. The study was performed at inlet velocity (V=10,20,30,40 m/s) which correspond to an incompressible car model length Reynolds numbers (Re=2.62×10<sup>5</sup>, 5.23×10<sup>5</sup>, 7.85×10<sup>5</sup> and 10.46×10<sup>5</sup>), respectively and we studied their effect on the drag force. We also present a theoretical study finite volume method (FVM) of solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-tokes equations (RANS) using a realizable k–epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model, conducted on a car, model KIA Pride, which is popular in Iraq and Iran. All computational analysis and modifications were carried out using the ANSYS Fluent 19 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and SOLIDWORKS 2018 modeller. The drag coefficient of the analysed car was found to be 0.34 and the results show that the drag can be reduced up to1.73% using vortex generators, up to 3.05% using a rear wing spoiler and up to 2.47% using rear under-body diffuser slices modifications, whereas it may be reduced up to 3.8% using all previous modifications together.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 28 2025
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Comparative Efficacy of Biologics vs. Conventional Therapies in Psoriasis: A Meta-Analysis of a Decade of Progress From 2015 to 2025
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Background: The treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis has advanced significantly with the use of biologic treatments. Objective: To compare the effectiveness, safety, and impact on quality of life of biologic therapies versus conventional systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe psoriasis, using evidence from 2015 to 2025, focusing on the implications for understudied regions such as Iraq and the Middle East. Methods: Data was collected using "Embase," "MEDLINE," "PubMed," and "Cochrane Central Register." The study includes 45 randomized controlled trials. Additionally, 25 key real-world evidence studies were included for qualitative synthesis to provide context on long-term drug survival, quality of life, and regional applicab

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 01 2020
Journal Name
Heat Transfer
A parametric study of a photovoltaic panel with cylindrical fins under still and moving air conditions in Iraq
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 21 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Persuasive Sentimental Method in the Electronic Newspapers of Terrorist Organizations - A research drawn from a Master Degree thesis
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The paper probes into minute identification of the data of the methods followed in the electronic newspapers that aim to promote terrorist organizations like Al Qaeda and ISIS to draw emotional empathy and sympathy with them.
The paper aims at identifying:
How emotional empathy was utilized by terrorists in E-newspapers.
How useful utilizing emotional empathy was in attracting supporters. The sample that is used in the paper is based on the opening articles of E-newspapers that propagate Al Qaeda and ISIS, e.g. (Sawtu el jihad) “The Sound of Fighting in the Name of God”, (Mua’skar el Battar wal Shamikha wal Khansaa) “Camps of Al Battar, Shamika, and Khansaa”, “Inspire” and (Thurwatu el Sanam, Dabiq, and Rumiyah)

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimation of the average sample size and defective ratio In a finite individualized inspection with a practical application
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The purpose of this research is to find the estimator of the average proportion of defectives based on attribute samples. That have been curtailed either with rejection of a lot finding the kth defective or with acceptance on finding the kth non defective.

The MLE (Maximum likelihood estimator) is derived. And also the ASN in Single Curtailed Sampling has been derived and we obtain a simplified Formula All the Notations needed are explained.

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 03 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
On the use of Aluminium as a plasmonic material in polarization rotators based on a hybrid plasmonic waveguide
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: The Aluminium (Al) material emerged as a plasmonic material in the wavelength ranges from the ultraviolet to the visible bands in different on-chip plasmonic applications. In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of using Al on the electromagnetic (EM) field distribution of a compact hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) acting as a polarization rotator. We compare the performance of Al with other familiar metals that are widely used as plasmonic materials, which are Silver (Ag) and Gold (Au). Furthermore, we study the effect of reducing the geometrical dimensions of the used materials on the EM field distributions inside the HPW and, consequently, on the efficiency of the polarization rotation. We perform the study based o

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 17 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Women’s Traits In The Iraqi Satirical Television Show ‘State Of Melon’ A Paper Extracted from A Masters Thesis
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The research aims to know the traits or characteristics of woman in terms of her external
appearance, motives for her behavior, feelings, mood and ability.
It, moreover, seeks woman’s relationship with others as it is presented by the Iraqi
satirical television show “ State of Melon “.
The researcher adopted for that survey approach using the method of content analysis
to study the research sample represented by “ State of Melon “ show which was
exposed through the screen of a group of channels:
“Hona Baghdad Satellite Channel, then Asia Satellite Channel, Dijla Satellite Channel,
and UTV Satellite Channel.”For this, the researcher used Margaret Gallagher’s Model to analyze the image of
woman in

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Communications In Mathematical Biology And Neuroscience
Stability and Hopf bifurcation of an epidemiological model with effect of delay the awareness programs and vaccination: analysis and simulation
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering And Applied Sciences
Comparison of Estimate Methods of Multiple Linear Regression Model with Auto-Correlated Errors when the Error Distributed with General Logistic
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In this research, we studied the multiple linear regression models for two variables in the presence of the autocorrelation problem for the error term observations and when the error is distributed with general logistic distribution. The auto regression model is involved in the studying and analyzing of the relationship between the variables, and through this relationship, the forecasting is completed with the variables as values. A simulation technique is used for comparison methods depending on the mean square error criteria in where the estimation methods that were used are (Generalized Least Squares, M Robust, and Laplace), and for different sizes of samples (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120). The M robust method is demonstrated the best metho

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 15 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Study of the Spectral Energy Distribution Model of the Protoplanetary Disk Geometric around the Brown Dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4
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The accretion circumstellar disk of young stars and the Brown dwarf plays an essential role in the formation and evaluation of the planet. Our main work in this paper is to investigate the geometrical shape model for the protoplanetary disk around one of the Brown Dwarfs. The photometric measurements for the brown dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4 were extracted from the Vizier archive. We used a numerical simulation to build a model of the spectral energy distribution of our target CFHT-BD-Tau 4. The spectral energy distribution model was fitted with observational data for the brown dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4. A transitional disk has been assumed around CFHT-BD-Tau 4. We obtained physical properties of the two disks and the size of the gap between them

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering And Applied Sciences
Comparison of Estimate Methods of Multiple Linear Regression Model with Auto-Correlated Errors when the Error Distributed with General Logistic
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In this research, we studied the multiple linear regression models for two variables in the presence of the autocorrelation problem for the error term observations and when the error is distributed with general logistic distribution. The auto regression model is involved in the studying and analyzing of the relationship between the variables, and through this relationship, the forecasting is completed with the variables as values. A simulation technique is used for comparison methods depending

Scopus (1)
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