With increasing population and development, the resources of fossil fuels decreased, leading to the need to find alternative sources of energy. Furthermore, the use of fossil fuels is accompanied by several downsides including environmental fatality associated with toxic gas emissions from diesel engines and continuous increase of the price of diesel fuel. Biodiesel is one of the most important types of renewable energy that replaces the fossil fuel requirement (mineral diesel) and maintains eco-friendly sustainability. Calcium is an essential plant nutrient as it plays an important role in the formation of plant cell walls and membranes. Therefore, the fallen leaves of mango tree can be utilized to produce nano calcium oxide and serve as a highly effective catalyst in the transesterification process for biodiesel production. The green approach of mango leaves extract is more cost-effective, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly compared to other ways such as chemical and physical procedures. Transesterification reaction was conducted at fixed parameters of 65 ℃ reaction temperature, 3 wt.% catalyst concentration, 1.5 h reaction time, and 50% alcohol to oil weight ratio. The effects of several other parameters on the transesterification reaction were studied such as the volume of the reaction mixture, mixing speed, FFA% content, and methanol/ethanol weight ratio. The study found that methanol is more effective than ethanol as alcohol in transesterification reaction, and the FFA% has a slight effect on the catalyst to 1.8% FFA. The produced biodiesel was characterized by GC-MS and FT-IR analysis which indicate the presence of esters. The physical and fuel characteristics of the produced biodiesel were measured; it had a viscosity of 3.708 mm2/s, a density of 0.88869 g/cm3, and a flash point of 108 °C.
The leading causes of death, particularly among the elderly, are cardiovascular illnesses, which are frequently linked to altered lifestyle patterns. Numerous academic studies on health and disease have stressed the role of micronutrients like zinc. Furthermore, both healthy and unwell patients are increasingly consuming dietary supplements that contain micronutrients for wellbeing. Cardiovascular disease can be brought on by trace element deficiencies, particularly zinc insufficiency. This study's goal is to analyze current theories regarding the benefits of zinc supplementation for people with cardiovascular problems. We used reliable websites like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate to find the most recent papers. Preprints
... Show MoreUndesirable behaviors among students are consider one of the danger problems threating societies and educational and scientific institutions of countries because its one of the way to express aggression , so the instructors consider one of the most important people could be trust their evaluation and logical view , therefore the present research aimed to :
- Recognize undesirable behavior in students of University by the view of their instructors
- Measure the level of undesirable behavior in students of university by the view of their instructors
- Recognize more common undesirable behavior in students of University by the view o
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is one of the important statistical methods that are widely used in a range of applications in various fields, which simulates the work of the human brain in terms of receiving a signal, processing data in a human cell and sending to the next cell. It is a system consisting of a number of modules (layers) linked together (input, hidden, output). A comparison was made between three types of neural networks (Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Back propagation network (BPL), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). he study found that the lowest false prediction rate was for the recurrentt network architecture and using the Data on graduate students at the College of Administration and Economics, Univer
... Show MoreIn this paper, we consider a new approach to solve type of partial differential equation by using coupled Laplace transformation with decomposition method to find the exact solution for non–linear non–homogenous equation with initial conditions. The reliability for suggested approach illustrated by solving model equations such as second order linear and nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation. The application results show the efficiency and ability for suggested approach.
Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the personal hygiene of adult patients with
diabetic foot.
Methodology: ٨ descriptive study was carried out in Baghdad teaching hospital, Al-Karama teaching hospital
and Al-Kindey teaching hospital for the period of 10/1/2006 to 1/9/2006. A purposive "non probability" sample
of (100) patient.
Questionnaire was constructed for achieving the purpose of the study. Data were collected through the
application of the questionnaire and interview technique. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistical
approach (frequency & percentage) and inferential statistical approach (chi-square ع correlation) by using of
SPSS.
Results: The study results indicated that the ra
The Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm is the most popular algorithm to estimate the Angle of Arrival (AOA) of the received signals. The analysis of this algorithm (MUSIC) with typical array antenna element ( ) shows that there are two false direction indication in the plan
aligned with the axis of the array. In this paper a suggested modification on array system is proposed by using two perpendiculars crossed dipole array antenna in spite of one array antenna. The suggested modification does not affect the AOA estimation algorithm. The simulation and results shows that the proposed solution overcomes the MUSIC problem without any effect on the performance of the system.
Drones are highly autonomous, remote‐controlled platforms capable of performing a variety of tasks in diverse environments. A digital twin (DT) is a virtual replica of a physical system. The integration of DT with drones gives the opportunity to manipulate the drone during a mission. In this paper, the architecture of DT is presented in order to explain how the physical environment can be represented. The techniques via which drones are collecting the necessary information for DT are compared as a next step to introduce the main methods that have been applied in DT progress by drones. The findings of this research indicated that the process of incorporating DTs into drones will result in the advanc