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A novel method for the synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and urea
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The increasing demand for energy has encouraged the development of renewable resources and environmentally benign fuel such as biodiesel. In this study, ethyl fatty esters (EFEs), a major component of biodiesel fuel, were synthesized from soybean oil using sodium ethoxide as a catalyst. By-products were glycerol and difatty acyl urea (DFAU), which has biological characteristics, as antibiotics and antifungal medications. Both EFEs and DFAU have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The optimum conditions were studied as a function of reaction time, reactant molar ratios, catalyst percentage and the effect of organic solvents. The conversion ratio of soybean oil into pure EFEs was 76% after 10 h of reaction. The highest conversion yield of EFEs is obtained when the urea/soybean oil ratio was from 6.2 mmol to 1 mmol, while the highest production of DFAU is obtained when the ethoxide (as a catalyst)/soybean oil ratio is from 6.4 mmol to 1 mmol in hexane as the reaction medium.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Lambert
The concept of Evil in J.R.R.Tolkien Novel Lord of the Rings
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Evil pervades the narrative scene in Tolkien. Hence; his major themes in The Lord of the Rings are shown to be the Evil Nature of Power, the Tyranny of Technology and War as a Destructive Agent. Evil is not as powerful as good. The Boethian conception of evil comes through evil beings such as Melkor Morgoth in The Silmarillion or Sauron ,who cannot do good things but only pervert or mock things; In The Lord of the Rings; Tolkien seems to suggest that there is no absolute evil. The other conception of evil is the Manichaen, a conception which receives more emphasis in Tolkien's trilogy and which sees the world as a battle-ground for warring forces of good and evil. Tolkien frequently personifies the Ring as if it were acting with a will of i

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 27 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The uses of Iraqi women for Facebook and innovation made from them
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The problem of research is to identify the uses of Iraqi women for Facebook and the motives of these uses and the innovations that have been achieved from them, in view of the increasing role-played by social networking sites in the lives of individuals in general and women in particular.The research seeks to identify the following: Identify the extent to which Iraqi women use Facebook and the usage motives and innovations achieved by the interviewees When they using Facebook. This study belongs to the descriptive studies that are interested in monitoring the characteristics of a particular phenomenon to identify its characteristics and characteristics.This study adopted the survey methodology to test the hypotheses of the study and how

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Study the Effect of Catalyst -to- Oil Ratio Parameter (COR) on Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil
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This work deals with the production of light fuel cuts of (gasoline, kerosene and gas oil) by catalytic cracking treatment of secondary product mater (heavy vacuum gas oil) which was produced from the vacuum distillation unit in any petroleum refinery. The objective of this research was to study the effect of the catalyst -to- oil ratio parameter on catalytic cracking process of heavy vacuum gas oil feed at constant temperature (450 °C). The first step of this treatment was, catalytic cracking of this material by constructed batch reactor occupied with auxiliary control devices, at selective range of the catalyst –to- oil ratio parameter (  2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5) respectively.  The conversion of heavy vacuum gas

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Development of an ANN Model for RGB Color Classification using the Dataset Extracted from a Fabricated Colorimeter
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Codes of red, green, and blue data (RGB) extracted from a lab-fabricated colorimeter device were used to build a proposed classifier with the objective of classifying colors of objects based on defined categories of fundamental colors. Primary, secondary, and tertiary colors namely red, green, orange, yellow, pink, purple, blue, brown, grey, white, and black, were employed in machine learning (ML) by applying an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm using Python. The classifier, which was based on the ANN algorithm, required a definition of the mentioned eleven colors in the form of RGB codes in order to acquire the capability of classification. The software's capacity to forecast the color of the code that belongs to an ob

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Development of an ANN Model for RGB Color Classification using the Dataset Extracted from a Fabricated Colorimeter
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Codes of red, green, and blue data (RGB) extracted from a lab-fabricated colorimeter device were used to build a proposed classifier with the objective of classifying colors of objects based on defined categories of fundamental colors. Primary, secondary, and tertiary colors namely red, green, orange, yellow, pink, purple, blue, brown, grey, white, and black, were employed in machine learning (ML) by applying an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm using Python. The classifier, which was based on the ANN algorithm, required a definition of the mentioned eleven colors in the form of RGB codes in order to acquire the capability of classification. The software's capacity to forecast the color of the code that belongs to an object under de

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Wormholes Models for the Optimum Matrix Acidizing in Mi4 Unit-Ahdeb Oil Field
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Innovative laboratory research and fluid breakthroughs have improved carbonate matrix stimulation technology in the recent decade. Since oil and gas wells are stimulated often to increase output and maximum recovery, this has resulted in matrix acidizing is a less costly alternative to hydraulic fracturing; therefore, it is widely employed because of its low cost and the fact that it may restore damaged wells to their previous productivity and give extra production capacity. Limestone acidizing in the Mishrif reservoir has never been investigated; hence research revealed fresh insights into this process. Many reports have stated that the Ahdeb oil field's Mishrif reservoir has been unable to be stimulated due to high injection pressures, wh

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Wormholes Models for the Optimum Matrix Acidizing in Mi4 Unit-Ahdeb Oil Field
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Innovative laboratory research and fluid breakthroughs have improved carbonate matrix stimulation technology in the recent decade. Since oil and gas wells are stimulated often to increase output and maximum recovery, this has resulted in matrix acidizing is a less costly alternative to hydraulic fracturing; therefore, it is widely employed because of its low cost and the fact that it may restore damaged wells to their previous productivity and give extra production capacity. Limestone acidizing in the Mishrif reservoir has never been investigated; hence research revealed fresh insights into this process. Many reports have stated that the Ahdeb oil field's Mishrif reservoir has been unable to be stimulated due to high inj

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Production of protease, an analyst for the blood clot from a variety of fungal isolates / 1 rating fungal isolates and agricultural circles
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House 21 fungal isolates fungus to the analyst Albroca output of manufactured blood clot from the Blama human blood showed positive fungi to test analyzes blood clot variation in times where decomposition recorded fungi

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Natural Science Research
Sialic Acid Is A Novel Biochemical Marker In Sera Of Iraqi Endometriotic Patients
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ABSTRACT : Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases linked with dementia, it is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Ab) in the brain. The present study aims to innovate a biochemical relationship between AD and interleukin 38 (IL-38) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, expose novel mechanisms and concepts regarding other biochemical parameters studied previously or recently in AD patients and also examine the biochemical action of memantine (10 mg daily) on AD patients. Sixty (60) diagnosed AD patients participated in the present study and classified into four (4) groups: G3 were composed of (15) newly diagnosed males (52-78) years / without treatment, G4 composed of (15

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
South African Journal Of Chemical Engineering
Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by a novel Gr /Ni-Sb-SnO2 photo-anode
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