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A novel method for the synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and urea
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The increasing demand for energy has encouraged the development of renewable resources and environmentally benign fuel such as biodiesel. In this study, ethyl fatty esters (EFEs), a major component of biodiesel fuel, were synthesized from soybean oil using sodium ethoxide as a catalyst. By-products were glycerol and difatty acyl urea (DFAU), which has biological characteristics, as antibiotics and antifungal medications. Both EFEs and DFAU have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The optimum conditions were studied as a function of reaction time, reactant molar ratios, catalyst percentage and the effect of organic solvents. The conversion ratio of soybean oil into pure EFEs was 76% after 10 h of reaction. The highest conversion yield of EFEs is obtained when the urea/soybean oil ratio was from 6.2 mmol to 1 mmol, while the highest production of DFAU is obtained when the ethoxide (as a catalyst)/soybean oil ratio is from 6.4 mmol to 1 mmol in hexane as the reaction medium.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 18 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences And Humanities
THE DILEMMA AND RESISTANCE OF SALMA IN FADIA FAQIRA NOVEL MY NAME IS SALMA
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Applied Spectroscopy
Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Naphazoline Nitrate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparations by Using 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-Sulfonate
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A simple, accurate, and cost-efficient UV-Visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of naphazoline nitrate (NPZ) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The suggested method was based on the nucleophilic substitution reaction of NPZ with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate sodium salt in alkaline medium at 80°C to form an orange/red-colored product of maximum absorption (λmax) at 483 nm. The stoichiometry of the reaction was determined via Job's method and limiting logarithmic method, and the mechanism of the reaction was postulated. Under the optimal conditions of the reaction, Beerʼs law was obeyed within the concentration range 0.5–50 μg/mL, the molar absorptivity value (ε) was 5766.5 L × mol–1 × c

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Applied Spectroscopy
Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Naphazoline Nitrate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparations by Using 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-Sulfonate
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 17 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Reality achieving educational and educational goals for school administrations from physical education teachers from the point of view of other disciplines
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2019
Journal Name
American Journal Of Dermatology And Venereology
Sesame and Pumpkin Seed Oil are New Effective Topical Therapies for Alopecia Areata
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KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, MS Abass, American Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 2019 - Cited by 4

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Publication Date
Thu May 01 2025
Journal Name
Process Safety And Environmental Protection
Electromembrane extraction of Cadmium (II) using a novel design of electrochemical cell with a flat sheet supported liquid membrane
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in Neutralizing Oil Price Fluctuations on the Gross Domestic Product in Iraq for the Period (1990-2019)
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The research aimed to measure the reality of monetary policy and its role in neutralizing the impact of fluctuations in total domestic oil prices, through the most important monetary policy variable (money supply). An example of this is using a simple technique in the previous example, turning it into a straightforward user interface by (Judd and Kunee). After estimating the impact of the policy with the domestic gross domestic oil prices in Iraq, the effect of fluctuations in the domestic gross domestic oil prices in the simple regression model, while the morale of oil prices was not proven with a negative sign, while the morale of money supply and their impact on the increase of the domestic was proven in the multiple regressio

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 05 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Structure
Synthesis, characterization, experimental and theoretical structure of novel Dichloro(bis{2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylkN3] pyridine-kN})metal(II) compounds, metal ¼ Mn, Co and Ni
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The syntheses, characterizations and structures of three novel dichloro(bis{2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-κN3]pyridine-κN})metal(II), [M(L)2Cl2], complexes (metal = Mn, Co and Ni) are presented. In the solid state the molecules are arranged in infinite hydrogen-bonded 3D supramolecular structures, further stabilized by weak intermolecular π…π interactions. The DFT results for all the different spin states and isomers of dichloro(bis{2-[1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-κN3]pyridine-κN})metal(II) complexes, [M(L1)2Cl2], support experimental measurements, namely that (i) d5 [Mn(L1)2Cl2] is high spin with S = 5/2; (ii) d7 [Co(L1)2Cl2] has a spin state of S = 3/2, (iii) d8 [Ni(L1)2Cl2] has a spin state of S =

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 24 2025
Journal Name
Karbala International Journal Of Modern Science
Chemistry of Metalloguanines: An Overview of Their Synthesis Routes and Their Implementations for the Period 2000-2024
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Guanine has a variety of roles in chemistry, from its basic function in the storing and transferring genetic information to its usages in synthetic chemistry and other fields. Because of its distinct structure and biological importance, it is a fundamental component of contemporary study in organic chemistry and molecular biology. In this review, we focused on covering the synthetic pathways of various derivatives of guanine from the year 2000 until the present. As a result of the guanine molecule containing multiple functional groups, this gives us the ability to prepare several guanines such as O6-alkylating guanines, O6-benzylguanines, 8-aza-O6-benzylguanines, 9-substituted guanines, guanine-azo derivatives, guanine Schiff bases, guanin

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Effectiveness of Woman's Personality between the Public and Private Event the Novel Feminist Iraqi 2003 - 2013
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After we completed this book search we must extraction most important the findings.
Event of war a majar impact on same as all human being but signed and its impact in the
psyche of iraqi woman unparalleled result of the suffering that were produced by these wars
that contributed to the destabilization of Her life at all levels a woman has lost her father,
husband and son an brother as well as extreme poverty caused by the economic blockade
brought in to existence wars that exacerbated the suffering was the woman to work and
economic in order to provide a living for her and her family and pre – empt the dreams and
ambitions so he excelled writer Iraqi in portraying the succession of wars that ate every thing
and

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