This article showcases the development and utilization of a side-polished fiber optic sensor that can identify altered refractive index levels within a glucose solution through the investigation of the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The aim was to enhance efficiency by means of the placement of a 50 nm-thick layer of gold at the D-shape fiber sensing area. The detector was fabricated by utilizing a silica optical fiber (SOF), which underwent a cladding stripping process that resulted in three distinct lengths, followed by a polishing method to remove a portion of the fiber diameter and produce a cross-sectional D-shape. During experimentation with glucose solution, the side-polished fiber optic sensor revealed an adept detection

 Abstract

Basra province is known for its logistic location for trading activity and oil industry. By geological point of view, Basra areas are believed to consist mainly of alternation of (clay, silty clay, clayey silt, silt and sand) type of soil. Any development of industry in this area should be affected by the occurrence of the clay soil. That is why the investigation to the soil is more than necessary. In this case, a vast testing program was carried out by the author to evaluate the various formations constituting the of some Basra soils. An attempt to characterize and discuss the nature, minerals, engineering behavior and field properties of soil samples extracted from more than one thousand and one

he paper presents the results of exposure of normal concrete to high temperatures (400 and 700°C). In addition to the exposure of steel reinforcement bar Ø 12 mm, where two types of steel reinforcement burning situations were performed. Directly exposed to high temperatures (400 and 700°C) and others were covered by concrete layer (15 mm). From the experimental results of fire exposure for 1 hour of 400 and 700°C and gradually cooled, it was found that the residual average percentage of compressive strength of concrete was 85.3 and 41.4%, while the residual average percentage of modulus of elasticity of concrete was 75 and 48%, respectively. The residual average percentage of yielding tensile stress (Ø 12 mm) after burning and cooling

Truncated distributions arise naturally in many practical situations. It’s a conditional distribution that develops when the parent distribution's domain is constrained to a smaller area. The distribution of a right truncated is one of the types of a single truncated that is restricted within a specific field and usually occurs when the specified period for the study is complete.  Hence, this paper introduces Right Truncated Inverse Generalized Rayleigh Distribution (RTIGRD) with two parameters  is introduced. Then, provided some properties such as; (probability density function, cumulative distribution function (CDF), survival function, hazard function, ‎rth moment, mean,   variance, Moment Generating Function, Skewness, kurtosi

In this work, a simple and new method is proposed to simultaneously improve the physical layer security and the transmission performance of the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, by combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique with chaotic theory principles. In the system, a 2-D chaotic map is employed. The introduced system replaces complex operations such as matrix multiplication with simple operations such as multiplexing and inverting. The system performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and peak to average ratio (PAPR) is enhanced. The system is simulated using Optisystem15 with a MATLAB2016 and for different constellations. The simulation results showed that the  BE

The excellence and uniqueness is what makes the artwork creative or not, and the School of Op. Art in Iraq came to reveal new phenomena distinct style, unique in units built, although a few worked in this aspect of the art, but they left their mark distinct, in the research, construction and installation of what binds them in heritage and civilization, it is a new vision of linking the past with the present, they adopt and engineering units may be architectural sometimes in composition, concluded a researcher at the end of the research to the main findings and conclusions, which is that more business was a square-shaped or semi-square, which is commensurate painting with visual, which is a set of vocabulary or repeat units, we do not fin

The convolutional neural networks (CNN) are among the most utilized neural networks in various applications, including deep learning. In recent years, the continuing extension of CNN into increasingly complicated domains has made its training process more difficult. Thus, researchers adopted optimized hybrid algorithms to address this problem. In this work, a novel chaotic black hole algorithm-based approach was created for the training of CNN to optimize its performance via avoidance of entrapment in the local minima. The logistic chaotic map was used to initialize the population instead of using the uniform distribution. The proposed training algorithm was developed based on a specific benchmark problem for optical character recog

Abstract
An optoelectronic system for fog detection and visibility technique is presented .The idea of this research is based on the measurement of the atmospheric visibility by using an infrared beam emitter from LED diode. The optical scattering is used as a method to calculate the visibility. This method is applied at forward scattering within a foggy atmosphere, which is modern and has great importance for measuring visibility in seaports, airports, public roads and highways. In this paper we focus on the description of the system, principles of its operation and some results of field tests.
Keywords: fog sensor, visibility sensor, backscattering, forward scattering.

Water covers more than 75% of the earth's surface in the form of the ocean. The ocean investigation is far-fetched because the underwater environment has distinct phenomenal activities. The expansion of human activities inside underwater environments includes environmental monitoring, offshore field exploration, tactical surveillance, scientific data collection, and port security. This led to increased demand for underwater application communication systems. Therefore, the researcher develops many methods for underwater VLC Visible Light Communications. The new technology of blue laser is a type of VLC that has benefits in the application of underwater communications. This research article investigated the benefits of underwater blu