Objectives Bromelain is a potent proteolytic enzyme that has a unique functionality makes it valuable for various therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to develop three novel formulations based on bromelain to be used as chemomechanical caries removal agents. Methods The novel agents were prepared using different concentrations of bromelain (10–40 wt. %), with and without 0.1–0.3 wt. % chloramine T or 0.5–1.5 wt. % chlorhexidine (CHX). Based on the enzymatic activity test, three formulations were selected; 30 % bromelain (F1), 30 % bromelain-0.1 % chloramine (F2) and 30 % bromelain-1.5 % CHX (F3). The assessments included molecular docking, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosity and pH measurements. The efficiency of caries removal was assessed by DIAGNOdent pen, measuring the excavation time and number of applications, followed by a morphological evaluation of the remaining dentine using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were compared to Brix 3000 as a control. Results The chloramine and chlorhexidine were chemically compatible with bromelain without compromising the enzyme activity. All experimental formulations showed higher viscosity and pH in comparison to Brix 3000. The DIAGNOdent readings were <20 in all groups, and the lowest readings were observed in F2. The excavation time and number of applications were lowest in F2 and F1. Both F2 and F3 produced smooth dentine surfaces with less tissue debris, but more patent dentine tubules were observed in F1 and F2. Conclusions The bromelain-contained formulations showed a potential to be used as chemomechanical caries removal agents in vitro. Further laboratory and clinical studies are needed to validate this claim.
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Declaration has become today has an important and active and influential role in the recipient public life، and are concentrated advertising on the creativity component manufacture to attract his attention toward what to be announced from a variety products، and is dominated by television commercials tempo and imagination، and display them a variety of ways catches the attention and an impressive simulates the their senses of hearing and sight، to influence in the receiver and the public paid for purchase. Through it crystallization the subject of our research on the importance of creativity in television advertising and effective for attracting the attention of the publi |
Abstract. In this research, the uranium concentration in (16) water samples collected from some agricultural areas surrounded with AlTuwitha nuclear site in Baghdad-Iraq was measured by using a CR-39 detector. The concentration of uranium in this study was from (0.6 ± 0.33mg/l) to (2.51 ± 0.49 mg/l), and the weighted average for the concentrations (1.262 ± 0.402 mg/l). The results showed it is a concentration of uranium level in water samples studied is higher than the allowed limit recommended by WHO and ICRP.
The current research examines the employment of indicators of stereotypes and the dimensions of organizational clarification to achieve planned organizational behaviour on a sample of employees in a number of departments of the Faculties of Engineering, University of Kufa, for a sample of (122) teaching staff. This research proposes the use of positive indicators of stereotypes for both the organization and employees and their awareness of what they want to obtain and what should be done for both parties and the removal of organizational clarity represented by the functional dimension that explores to what degree the employee's understanding of the internal strategy of the organization and the strategic dimension that searches fo
... Show MoreInternational satellite channels in Arabic are targeted to the region with their news bulletins and their innovative programs, attracting the interest of the Arab viewers in their news articles and programs with new ideas and methods as well as high technology in the production and synthesis of videos. Therefore, they work on framing the above, And the media policy that governs, so focused the problem of the study to try to answer the question of the President is how to frame the international satellite channels in Arabic to the phenomenon of terrorism? What are the aspects that are working to highlight and aspects that try to hide? The study adopted the survey methodology for the main news bulletins in the Russian channel today for the
... Show MoreDocumentary Credit passes through many practical phases starting from Opening credit and matching documents and payment of the amount of credit……etc. It is worthy to mention that there are several aspects that are varied and differed from Bank to another one which can offer Competitive Advantage for the bank …This will be shown in this research.
For the purpose of achieving the objective of this research within the theoretical aspect, the researcher had seen and briefed several books and researches which are mainly related to the subject of the research.
As for the practical aspect, has included Questionnaire which included many questions that are fit and suitable to the hypotheses.
Research sample has
... Show MoreWhen searching for an answer to the following question: What are the reasons for the reluctance of female physical education teachers in secondary schools to referee sports competitions according to the variable of years of service? It was found that the research aimed to reveal the differences between the opinions of the research sample of physical education teachers in secondary schools (girls) about refereeing sports competitions according to the variable of years of service. To achieve the research goal, it is assumed that there are significant differences between the average opinions of the research sample of female teachers and their reluctance and the reasons for the differences in the practice of refereeing sports competitions accor
... Show MoreAbstract:
This research (The effect of information in Iraqi universities) wants to
explain the aims and the opinions of Iraqi universities lecturers during the
globalization era and information technology .
The results we have got about using the computers by the lecturers of
Iraqi universities just in illustration and statistic as depends on there works
The aim of this research is to clarify the importance of total quality management. Total quality management considered as a cultural process covering the various aspects of activities in society that helps human well-being, as well as the development of its efficiency and ability. They also have an effective role in achieving the desired goals that will benefit humanity. The concept of total quality management in the Qur'an is a broad, comprehensive and well integrated concept that aims to improve human life economically and socially. Quality in the Qur'an is a mean to achieve human beings happiness.
In this research we will highlight a successful story of quality management from Qur'an that ensures consumer protection and support of