Deontic modality expresses what is necessary or possible according to the norms of morality and laws of community. It is a cover term for those cases where modal auxiliaries used to express notions like ''obligation'', ''prohibition'' and, ''permission''. Deontic modals are basically performatives, having the ''so-be-it'' component of directives in that the speaker directs the behavior of the addressee to get things done. The present study identifies the use of deontic models in international contracts to prove that there are major pragmatic strategies employed in writing them. To achieve the aim of the study, a modified model of Danet’s (1980) and Trosborg’s (1995) in accordance to Searle (1969) is used to analyze 16 texts selected from three international contracts, namely supply of goods, employment, and technical service contracts. The analysis of data reveals that deontic modal verbs (shall, must, will, may, should,) are the most frequent verbs contractors use to impose obligation, permission, and prohibition. Contractors are more prone to use declarative constructions, non-human subjects and passivization than other syntactic constructions. It also shows that legal contracts are a kind of genre which is drafted for specific purpose; they have a distinctive layout and style from other written legal texts.
The linguistic researcher reads a systematic crisis, idiomatic problems within the linguistic term coming to the Arab culture. Where most of them return back to problems of receiving these sciences which are represented by phenomena like the multiplicity linguistic term, disturbance translated idiomatic concept and its duality.
Aims of the research :
1-Initializing new textbooks to form linguistic project and Arabic linguistic theory.
2-Determination adjusted knowledge, concepts of Arabian heritage linguistics subject
3-Observation the causes of disturbance crisis of linguistic term and its relation to
... Show MoreSentiment analysis refers to the task of identifying polarity of positive and negative for particular text that yield an opinion. Arabic language has been expanded dramatically in the last decade especially with the emergence of social websites (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, etc.). Several studies addressed sentiment analysis for Arabic language using various techniques. The most efficient techniques according to the literature were the machine learning due to their capabilities to build a training model. Yet, there is still issues facing the Arabic sentiment analysis using machine learning techniques. Such issues are related to employing robust features that have the ability to discrimina
... Show MoreThis article is an endeavour to highlight the relationship between social media and language evolution. It reviews the current theoretical efforts on communication and language change. The descriptive design, which is theoretically based on technological determision, is used. The assumption behind this review is that the social media plays a significant role in language evolution. Moreover, different platforms of social media are characterized by being the easiest and fastest means of communication. It concludes that the current theoretical efforts have paid much attention to the relationship between social media and language evolution. Such efforts have highlighted the fact that social media platforms are awash with a lot of acronyms, cybe
... Show MoreIncluded a research problem , pointing to deficiencies and neglect in Arabic language teaching in primary and middle school , what makes sense to form your linguistic Bell ( Listening ) is missing , especially grammar, vocabulary endings .
And stressed the importance of research that teaching students the Arabic language is the balance of the next life , and that any defect infects will demolish an important part of their structure and the fact that the theater is a form of human directcommunication , and it`s way is the word this helps students to develop some communication skills , and language the backbone of these skills ,1- The research sample was identified in all age children ( 6-12 ), which c
... Show MoreThis research deals with issues of peaceful coexistence in foreign satellite channels directed in the Arabic language, trying to get acquainted with the most prominent of these topics dealt with the programs subject to analysis and the method of dealing with them and the most used journalistic arts in that.
The research adopted the descriptive approach and the method of content analysis for the purpose of studying the research community represented by the program «Shabab Talk» “Youth Talk” in the German channel Deutsche Welle (DW) and the program «Beina Sam wa Amar» “between Sam and Ammar” in the American free channel, by designing the content analysis form to subject
... Show MoreChina's economic policy and its huge capabilities operate according to an expansion strategy, especially in investing foreign projects, as the past ten years have witnessed a major development in the elements of comprehensive strength, especially in the economic field, in 2014 China launched the largest initiative in the world, represented by the Belt and Road Project (BRI), which links nearly 70 countries, through this project, a very important region has emerged, which is (the port of cadres) in Pakistan, as China has headed towards that region and given the highest importance that is in its interest in the first place regardless of the great Pakistani interest, This is consistent with its future aspirations, especially after breaking
... Show MoreIn the midst of political, cultural and economic fast developments accelerated, the world witnessed, with the accompanied big communication revolutions, many shapes of powers. Those developments were followed by changes in relations of international level.
The most prominent among those developments was the international public relations which became equal to official international relations. Moreover, the international public relations became a complementary element dur to the growth of public opinion and its affection on political regime. Such growth of public opinion pushed the politicians to address it; and try to gain its support.
The US was the first realized the importance of international public relations. Th
... Show MoreThe scope of the world of translation is an area filled with different types of translations, whether translations of scientific, social, political or economic in addition to the other types are endless, but the translation problematic grammatical that may confront us if we proceed to translate any subject are important issues that must Translator whether translators or interpreters that puts it into consideration and attaches great importance to the translation is very clear and without any ambiguity. One of these forms of grammatical task is to translate the relative pronoun (que) from Spanish into Arabic language, which revolves around the subject of this research.
The relative pron
... Show MoreConclusion The observation of the phenomenon of structural evolution of the international system and its instability on a particular situation, by its transition from unipolar to polarity to bipolarism and then to unilateralism in the early 1990s led by the United States, and to the present moment, To say that the structure by which the hierarchy of superpowers or the regime is directed in terms of its various capacities that qualify it, and with the consent of the rest of the States directing the regime to lead and lead the world's first place, has no direct relation to the stability of this system, I hope other more influential in its stability. The structure of the new international order will be completely different in terms of the r
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