Most species of Mollusca lives in salts water, on the shores of seas and lakes and some in fresh water, others are found in deserts, forests and forms and there are 45,000 species . They are invertebrate animals with lateral symmetry, slow-moving and a few of them are fast, like Octopus and Squid and some of them are economic importance. The class Gastropoda are considered the largest class belonging to the Phylum-Mollusca, as it contains more than 80%. Its importance follows from its great diversity and spread in all environments. It has an ecological importance because it plays an great role in ecosystems due to the diversity of its food methods between herbivorous and predatory. Studies on snails in Iraq are very few and modest. Hence

Background: Breast cancer is the first one among Iraqi females. Most of them present later for diagnosis. Early detection center in tertiary hospital practice uses FNAB for early diagnosis. Publications on accuracy of this detection are scarce.

Objective:  To test the accuracy of FNAB in breast lump diagnosis.

Methods: Diagnostic test accuracy study, on 204 women with breast lump, attending the oncology department in 2017.

Results: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of histologically malignant cases were, malignant in 89 (87.3%), suspicious of malignancy in 5 (4.9%), and benign in 4 (3.9%). Complete sensitivity was 87.3%, and specificity

Background: Post-extraction alveolar ridge resorption is unavoidable phenomenon ending with insufficient ridge width. Measuring the physical dimensions of the available bone before implant surgery is an important aspect of diagnosis and treatment planning. Bone height can be calculated from radiographs, while bucco-lingual ridge width can be measured by conventional tomography, CT scanning and ridge mapping.

Radiographic techniques have certain disadvantages. Therefore the ridge mapping technique was used as an option for determining alveolar ridge width.

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of alveolar ridge width measurements obtained with ridge mapping technique before surgical flap reflection against

With time progress importance of hiding information become more and more and all steganography applications is like computer games between hiding and extracting data, or like thieves and police men always thieve hides from police men in different ways to keep him out of prison. The sender always hides information in new way in order not to be understood by the attackers and only the authorized receiver can open the hiding message. This paper explores our proposed random method in detail, how chooses locations of pixel in randomly , how to choose a random bit to hide information in the chosen pixel, how it different from other approaches, how applying information hiding criteria on the proposed project, and attempts to test out in code, and

Arabic text categorization for pattern recognitions is challenging. We propose for the first time a novel holistic method based on clustering for classifying Arabic writer. The categorization is accomplished stage-wise. Firstly, these document images are sectioned into lines, words, and characters. Secondly, their structural and statistical features are obtained from sectioned portions. Thirdly, F-Measure is used to evaluate the performance of the extracted features and their combination in different linkage methods for each distance measures and different numbers of groups. Finally, experiments are conducted on the standard KHATT dataset of Arabic handwritten text comprised of varying samples from 1000 writers. The results in the generatio

Been using a pv system program to determine the solar window for Baghdad city . the solar window for any location can be determine by deviating left and right from the geographical south as well as deviation according to the amount of tilt angle with the horizon for fixed panel so that will not change the average of solar radiation incident over the whole year and this lead to help in the process of installation of fixed solar panel without any effect on annual output .the range of solar window for Baghdad city between two angles ( -8 - +8 ) degrees left to right of the geographical south and tilt angle that allowed for the horizon range between angles (21- 30) degrees so that the amount of solar radiation that falling on the solar pan