A field experiment was carried out during the spring season 2019 and 2020 to obtain a fast, uniform, and high field emergence ratio of maize seeds under a wide range of environmental conditions. Randomize complete block design in the split-plot arrangement was used with three replications. The first factor in the main plots was cultivars (5018, Baghdad3 and Sumer). The second factor in the sub-plots was seeds soaking with ascorbic and citric acids (100 mg L−1) each and humic (1 ml L−1) in addition to control treatment (seeds soaking with distilled water only). Results showed the superiority of soaking with humic acid significantly, as means of characteristics of field emergence in both seasons, respectively, were as follows: Last day of

A field experiment was carried out during winter season of 2019 at Al-Muradiya research state, Babylon government, Iraq, to study the role of the sprayed types of potassium fertilizer in improving of flag leaf contribution in grain yield of wheat. The layout of the experiment was randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement at three replicates. The experiment included spraying common and nano potassium fertilizer at booting stage, in addition to control treatment (spraying of distilled water) as a first factor, and removal treatments (removal of flag leaf at 10% anthesis stage and nonremoval) as a second factor. The results showed that the spraying of nano potassium fertilizer was significantly superior in the dry matter transp

             Polycystic syndrome (PCOS) is a considerable infertility disorder in adolescents and adult women in reproductive age. Obesity is a vigorous risk factor related to POCS.  This study aims to evaluate the association of obesity and PCOS by investigating several parameters including:  anthropological, biochemical (lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, glucose tolerance test, and hormone levels (LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, Estradiol2 and Testosterone),and genetic parameters (Fat mass and Obesity associated gene (FTO) polymorphism at rs17817449) in 63 obese and non-obese PCOS women. The biochemical tests were investigated by colorimetric methods while FTO gene polymorphism was detected by PCR–RFLP.  Lipid profile, F

The effects of nutrients and physical conditions on phytase production were investigated with a recently isolated strain of Aspergillus tubingensis SKA under solid state fermentation on wheat bran. The nutrient factors investigated included carbon source, nitrogen source, phosphate source and concentration, metal ions (salts) and the physical parameters investigated included inoculum size, pH, temperature and fermentation duration. Our investigations revealed that optimal productivity of phytase was achieved using wheat bran supplemented with: 1.5% glucose. 0.5% (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% sodium phytate. Additionally, optimal physical conditions were 1 × 105 spore/g substrate, initial pH of 5.0, temperature of fermentation 30˚C and fermentation dura

An experiment was carried out in pots under open field conditions in the fall seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, for improving field emergence and drought stress tolerance in sorghum. Three factors were studied. 1st factor was three cultivars (Inqath, Rabeh and Buhoth70). 2nd factor was primed and unprimed seed. 3rd factor was represented by the irrigation intervals every 2, 4 and 6 days. Randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. The results showed that Buhoth 70 cultivar had a significant superiority compared to others in traits of the first and final count of emergence, emergence energy and emergence rate index (54.2%, 26.7%, 1.747 and 70.7 % d

In order to achieve optimal plant growth and production, essential nutrients must be readily available in adequate quantities and in a balanced proportion to give a good yield, especially broccoli which has health benefits that may not be found in many other plants. For this purpose, this experiment was carried out during the seasons 2019/2020 in the botanical garden of the Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, to study the effects of nitrogen and sulphur and their interaction on eight parameters reflecting the overall traits of vegetative growth, yield, and chlorophyll content of broccoli Brassica oleracea L. (var. italic JASSMINE F1 Hybrid). A factorial design with three replicates was use

Three different calcareous rocks consist mainly of calcite C, dolomite D and its combination C,D were chosen. Rocks Samples Were treated with different concentration of salt Soluations, included CaCl₂ (0.2,0.05 molar) (applied to dolomite samples), MgCl₂ (applied to calcite samples), and combination of these two salts which applied for both (D-Dolomite and C-Calcite). Other samples from carbonate minerals were treated and incubated with FeSO₄.7H₂O and Fe-EDDHA at 20Mg^-1 mineral. These treated samples subjected to sequence of wetting and drying for 120 days under saturated CO₂ atmosphere. At the end of incubation period these samples were air dried and used

This experiment was carried out at the apple orchard - College of Agricultural Engineering Science - University of Baghdad during the growing seasons 2017 and 2018.  A factorial experiment was conducted within a Randomized Complete Block Design using three replicates and two factors, factor (S) which stands for trees sprayed with potassium silicate as a source of silicon at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml L^-1), while factor (C) represents trees sprayed with a Calcium and Boron combination using three concentrations (0, 0.5 g L^-1 Ca-EDTA +10 mg L^-1 B, and 1 g L^-1 Ca-EDTA+20 mg L^-1 B). Main results showed that silicon had a significant effect on Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassi

This research was conducted at the fields of College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during spring  and fall seasons 2017 to study the effect of addition methods of Neem leaves extract and organic fertilizer in the productivity and quality of two potatoes cultivars. The experiment was carried out using split plot arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replicates. The experiment included two Potato cultivars ,Burren (V1) and Riviera(V2) as the main factors and nutritional treatments as follow: control treatment T1, Recommend fertilizer T2, cows manure 5% of soil weight T3, irrigation with cows manure  T4, cows manure 5%of soil weight+recommend chemical fertilizer T5, Spraying the Neem leave

Two factorial experiments were conducted .The first one was field experimental which was carried out at the one of  agricultural farms in Thi-Qar governorate – Nassiriyah district during the winter seasons of 2014 - 2015 and 2015 - 2016  .The second was carried out in the laboratories of Agriculture and Marshes Colle. , Univ. of Thi-Qar  . The aim was to investigate the effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on growth , yield and seeds vigour of four bread wheat cultivars . The design of field experiment was (RCBD) in factorial experiments with three replications in two factors .The first factor included four wheat cultivars ( Bohooth -22, Al-tahadi , IPA – 99 and Al-Rasheed )

This experiment investigated the association between SNP 5 UTR region of insulin –like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1 ) and phenotypic productive  and physiological traits in cobb500 broiler breed .The study was conducted at poultry farm in Abu-Graib region  during a period from 1Nov 2016-14Dec 2016 .Four hundred fifty broiler chicks one day old (cobb500) were wing –banded and divided to three treatment groups (three replicates each) according to gene polymorphisms .DNA was extracted from fresh blood samples .Restriction fragment length polymorphism was used in the 5 UTR  region of IGF-1. Chicks were reared under conventional conditions according the guide and fed ad libitum at the end of experiment number of

An experiment was conducted at the vegetable  field, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Collage of Agriculture, University of Bagdad, to study the response of two cultivars of okra for different types of covering and their effect on growth, early and total yield. Two cultivars of okra ( Lahloba and Batra) were used, Two soil mulchs (with or without black mulch), and two tunnels cover (white and Agryl-17) were tested. This study was designed as a factorial (2*2*2) within RCBD with three replicates (24 experimental units).Results indicated: black soil mulch+ white cover treatment significantly increased the speed and percentage of germination, plant highest, leaves number, dry weight of the vegetative parts gi

The Gravity Model considered one of the important models in foreign trade, because it is used to explain the most important determinants of the state export of it’s exporting goods and determine competitive state for exports of the country in world market of its exports, besides it give an idea about most important countries in exporting export goods. The study aims to determine most important factors affecting on flow of Iraqi skins to world market, and measuring influence of these factors and determine suitable model to understand most important determinants of foreign trade of Iraqi skins with most important trading partners. The study proved that per capita of GDP, quantity of commodity pro

An experiment was conducted at the central lab of Graduate studies - College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The objective was to study the effect of growth regulator on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars (PAC-78001 and local) variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiments according to CRD. Seeds sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes, then, cultured on MS media free of growth regulators to embryo induced. The embryos were cultured on MS media at different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) mg Li^-1. Induced callus from embryos was cultured on MS media supplementing with Kin. at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mg Li^-1 to determ

An experiment  was conducted at Central lab of Graduate studies, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The aim was to study the effect of colocynth fruit extract on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars were PAC-78001 and local variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiment within CRD. Seeds was soaked with colocynth fruit extract at 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 ml Li^-1 for 24 hours, then, sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes. The results showed significant differences between two cultivars responding to colocynth fruit extract levels. Concentration at 150 ml Li^-1 gave the highest both fresh an

Soaking seeds with gibberellic acid improves germination and may consider as a solution for reduce negative effects of salt stress. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in shaded area belong to Agriculture College, University of Baghdad during fall and spring seasons 2012-2013 to test effect of seeds soaking in GA3 on emergence and seedling growth of corn under salt stress. First factor was two levels dry seeds and soaked seeds in 300 ppm concentration of GA3 for 24 hours. Second factor was five levels (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm NaCl). Randomize complete block design (RCBD) was used with four replications. Results showed significant superiority of soaked seeds in GA3 gave best values for last day of emergence, time it

This research was conducted to study the impact of foliar spraying by some plant growth regulators to increase salts tolerance of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Shakar. Thirty young date palm trees (seven years old) and same number of fruiting trees (18 years old) were selected and spraying with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) solutions at the concentrations (0.50, 100 and 150 ppm), Salicylic acid (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mM) and putrescine (0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.1 mM). Results indicated that the application of growth regulators led to reduction trunk diameter comparing with control (121.33 cm). Spraying NAA with concentration of 100 ppm, gave the highest height of the

A laboratory experiment was carried out at the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. Silty clay soil was treated with three salt solutions (NaCl, CaCl₂ and mixed NaCl–CaCl₂). Homogeneously packed soil columns (10 cm, 40 cm) were leached six times using tap water. Effluent samples were collected to determine ion concentration Cl^-, Ca⁺⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and Mg⁺⁺. Breakthrough curves were used to estimate solute transport parameters (retardation factor, peclet number) using an analytical solution of convection-dispersion equation (CDE) by CXTFIT program. The results showed that relative concentration of ch

Field experiment was carried out during spring seasons of 2015 in AL-Rasheed township southern of Baghdad, Iraq to study the effects of irrigation methods on water content distribution, water use efficiency and yield of corn. Four surface irrigation treatments were used: 100% conventional basin (control), 70% of control treatment basin irrigation,  Conventional furrow and shallow furrow. Water content distribution results showed that shallow furrow irrigation decreased moisture content to 14.7, 18.3 % for 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth respectively, compared to conventional basin irrigation. The result showed that treatments of conventional furrow, shallow furrow and 70% basin irrigation reduced the depth of added water in rate of

Laboratory experiment was conducted using silty clay loam soil collected from Agriculture fields in Abu Ghraib to study the release of phosphorus from rock phosphate (10.22 P%) on  a soil treated with three types of organic fertilizers namely; peat moss , sheep manure  , poultry manure and  control treatment (soil only). Ten grams of air dried soil  mixed with 100 mg of ground rock phosphate  and  organic fertilizers added at 2.5% level (w:w) were  incubated at a laboratory temperature (298 K ) after adding  water  up  to two-thirds of the field capacity for 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Citric  acide  soluble  available phosphorous  was estimated after each i

This study was conducted in experimental fields, Department of Horticulture, University of Bagdad, in Abu-Graib  during season 2011-2012 for jerusalum artichoke. This study was included the effect of dipping tubers in three concentrations of GA₃(2.5,5,10g/l) (G1,G2,G3),as well as to control treatment (G0), and spraying nutrient solution Agro leaf A1 (8g/l), as well as to control treatment (A0). This study was made by using Factorial experiment (4*2) within the design RCBD with three replicates. Results could be summarized as follows: G3A0 increased field emergence (12.00 day), G2A0 increased percentage of germination (99.33%) and G2A1 increased number of branches (4.60 stem.plant^-1) but the treatment G1

A field experiment was conducted at research station of College of Agriculture University of Baghdad in Abu-Griab. The aim was to study early generation of cowpea under water stress regime. The purpose was to diagnose which genotypes have high yield and stability under water deficit. The experiment consisted of two levels of water deficit (50 and 75%) and three genotypes selected and original genotype. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) within split plots arrangement with three replicates in two seasons of 2014 were used. The results revealed that S5 gave highest mean in chlorophyll index and dry matter per induvial plant were 74.66 , 68.44 SPAD. in spring and autumn season respectively. In addition to , S5 had a short perio