SnO2 thin films of different two thicknesses were prepared an glass substrate by DC magnetron sputtering. The crystal structure and orientation of the films were investigated by XRD patterns. All the deposited films are polycrystalline. The grain size was calculated as 25.35, 28.8 nm. Morphological and compositions of the films were performed by SEM and EDX analyses respectively. The films appeared compact and rougher surface in nature. The allowed direct band gap was evaluated as 3.85 eV, and other optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants were determined from transmittance spectrum in the wavelength range (300-900) nm and also analyzed.
 

   Leucocytes Migration Inhibition test in agarose was carried against PPD and Mycobacterium tuberculosisantigen . The proportion of different Kinds of migrating leucocytes was calculated and expressed as a function of the migration distance .            Application of this test to clinical problem revealed that with PPD as antigen , a highly significant inhibition was obtained in PPD skin test – positive  normal  individual , as well as, a high significant inhibition was recorded in individuals recovered from tuberculosis .            These results demonstrated the suitability of this test for routine

In this research, the effect of each of the concentrations ( Nd⁺³) was studied (N) the thickness of the thin disk (d) the number of times that the pumping beam passes through the effective medium of this laser (M_p) the reflectivity of the laser output mirror (R ₂₎ The losses of the effective medium (L) and the pumping power used in achieving the reverse qualification (P_P) on each of the pumping threshold capacities (P_p.th) and the output power of the laser (P_out) and the efficiency (ŋ) in Nd³⁺ thin-disk lasers (TDLs) pumping quasi-three-level With continuous operation (cw), at room temperature, and in the Gaussian mode (TEM00),

We found under these opera

The Extension Odd Generalized Rayleigh Inverse Rayleigh (EOGRIR) distribution is a novel statistical model that leverages existing distribution families in a flexible manner. This model enhances the ability of standard distributions to analyze data. It makes it easier and faster to examine and model different types of lifetime and reliability data. The essay thoroughly examines the fundamental mathematical characteristics of the EOGRIR distribution. Some examples include series expansions, moments, the quantile, skewness, Rényi entropy, kurtosis, order statistics, and the moment generating function. These traits help us understand how the proposed distribution works and how its mathematical principles operate. We also examine methods fo

Industrial porcelain and gelcoat samples were prepared. Two kinds of porcelain, soft and hard, have been prepared by adding the hardener with concentrations of 2.5% and 5% gm, respectively. unsaturated polyester that is reinforced with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) with equal values. Also, a gelcoat was prepared using unsaturated polyester and silica fume (S.F.) that was added in different weight ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1%). The mechanical and thermal properties of porcelain and gelcoat samples were studied; also, water uptake has been determined. The hardness values of soft porcelain and hard porcelain are 53 and 49, respectively, while the hardness value increased to a higher value (81.5) for selected gelcoat (UPE / 0.5% S.F). The imp

The tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) is an ornamental herbaceous plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators on the evolution of colourful callus in this plant and their relevance to the build-up of certain active glycosides, such as 6-tuliposide A, 6-tuliposide B, tulipalin A, and tulipalin B. The growth regulators 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Benzyladenine (BA), and Thidiazuron (TDZ) were applied at varying doses in four treatments, and the color, texture, and induction rate of the ensuing callus were assessed. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with ten replicates per treatment under controlled in vitro conditions at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Coll

In this research, the new distribution is built depending on the Rayleigh-Weibull distribution, which is called a new transmuted Rayleigh-Weibull distribution (T R W D). The distribution was built by adding the conversion parameter ß, |ß| ≤1, which contributes to an increase in the flexibility of distribution. At first, the probability cumulative function, the probability density function, the hazard function, and the survival function were found by relying on the transformation rules, and the shapes for these main functions will be discussed at (x⇒∞) and (x⇒0).  In addition to this, prove the statistical properties of this distribution, which encompass the median, mean, and moments about the origin. Consequently, by studying

Classical numerical integration methods, such as Simpson’s rule and Gaussian quadrature, perform well for smooth functions but lose accuracy near discontinuities. This paper introduces a Selective Error-Correcting Adaptive Quadrature algorithm (SECAQ), a method designed to address this issue. SECAQ identifies intervals with large local error or sharp changes, estimates jump sizes using one-sided evaluations, and applies compact correction terms activated only near the discontinuity. These localized corrections restore smoothness within each subinterval and can enable the base quadrature rule to achieve its full theoretical accuracy. Numerical tests involving jumps, cusps, and oscillatory functions demonstrate that SECAQ restores fourth

Graphene oxide (GO) with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was synthesized using sol-gel and spin-coating procedures. This study aims to assess the antibacterial properties of ZnO-GO nanocomposites produced by spin coating with varying GO concentrations. So, different concentrations of GO NPs (10%, 30%, and 50%) were added to ZnO to assess the antibacterial activity. Structural and morphological properties of ZnO-GO were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The crystalline size of the pure ZnO NPs decreases with the increase of GO concentration, and the average crystalline size is 32.875 nm. The FESEM images showed

The present study aims to elucidate the histological organization of the glandular stomach in two mammalian species exhibiting different feeding habits: (i) an herbivorous rodent, i.e., the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus); and (ii) a carnivorous mammal, i.e., the small Asian mongoose (Urva auropunctata). Histological sections (n = 5) were taken from both groups and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Alcian blue-PAS stain, and Masson’s trichrome, then microscopic examination was carried out distinct structural adaptations in the gastric mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers could be observed. The squirrel stomach exhibited a moderately thick mucosal layer with abundant mucus-secreting cells, a

In this paper, we study and introduce two new concepts in module theory: semi-coessential submodules and semi-coclosed submodules. These notions are generalizations of the classical concepts of coessential and coclosed submodules and aim to provide a broader framework for analyzing module structures. We investigate the main properties of these submodules and examine their relationships with coessential and coclosed submodules. Several characteristics associated with these ideas are explored, including conditions under which a submodule can be considered semi-coessential or semi-coclosed. The definitions are formulated in terms of factor modules and the semi-small condition, allowing a sy

In this work, plasma spectroscopy was used to measure the plasma parameters of a negative spark discharge in a cylindrical electrostatic precipitator (ESP) from spectral data (electron density ne, electron temperature T_e, plasma frequency, and Debye length). The characteristics of the spark-type plasma discharge were characterized using photoemission spectroscopy (PES), and the effect of varying the voltage on the discharge characteristics was investigated using voltages of 15, 20, and 25 kV and a pressure of 252 Torr. The Stark dilation method was used to calculate the electron number density, while Boltzmann diagrams were used to calculate the electron temperature. The results show that increasing the voltage increases the e

Escherichia coli is the principal etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and exhibits significant antibiotic resistance, driven by various virulence factors. Fifty E. coli isolates were obtained from 200 urine specimens of patients, and the relE gene was found to be crucial for antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. This study used cultural and biochemical tests for primary bacterial isolate diagnosis, with the VITEK 2 System for confirmation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing assessed resistance, while the Congo red technique and microtiter plate method evaluated biofilm production. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the relE gene. Fifty isolates were tested by usin

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of slotless and slotted ring microstrip antennas implemented on an FR-4 substrate and subsequently modified through Nd: YAG laser treatment. The experimental investigations reveal significant improvements in impedance matching, bandwidth, and multi-band performance as a result of the combined influence of slot incorporation and laser-based modification. For the slotless configuration, the antenna response transitions from a conventional dual-band to a more versatile multi-band behavior, supporting five distinct resonances in the frequency range from 3.89 to 7.64 GHz. Among these, the resonance at 5.12 GHz demonstrates the most favorable performance with a refl

A SnOx thin film with a thickness of 400 ± 20 nm was deposited on a glass substrate and thermally oxidized at temperatures ranging from 573 K to 673 K. The structural surface morphology of SnOx thin films is checked. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that films oxidized at 573K and 623K contain SnO, Sn3O4, and SnO2, as well as residual metallic tin. When the oxidation temperature was increased to 673K, the SnO₂ peaks became more prominent while the metallic Sn peak weakened. AFM studies indicated that the roughness of the films changed with different oxidation temperatures, which means that the oxidation temperature has a direct effect on the surface nature of the SnOx films. On the other hand, films oxidized at 673K (SnO2) are use

Malicious applications provide a growing and significant threat to Android users, developers, and application platforms. Experts have endeavored to create novel detection methodologies due to the ongoing advancement in the sophistication of malware and the escalating intensity of its damaging assaults. Within the framework of these initiatives, the detection of malware encounters a significant impediment due to the lack of clean and balanced datasets. This research seeks to develop a model proficient in identifying and categorizing various forms of hybrid malware on the Android platform, utilizing the Decision Tree (DT) model as the primary analytical instrument. The purpose of study is employing Machine Learning (ML) technique

The development of technology is becoming necessary in multiple fields that specialize in human interaction life. This has contributed to increasing awareness of electronic financial transactions by enhancing the ease of handling currencies, especially by employing vending machines in commercial markets and airports. Vending machines have become widespread nowadays, and due to their ease of use for customers, it has become necessary to pay attention to this type of device. Due to the different currencies adopted in countries around the world, there has emerged a need to increase the flexibility of programming these machines to be suitable for the countries using the devices. In this research, an intelligent convolutional neural network m

Crypto systems deployed in smart cards and embedded devices are vulnerable to side-channel attacks, in which adversaries exploit power consumption to recover secret keys. Correlation power analysis (CPA) and machine-learning-based attacks can break AES-128 implementations with relatively few traces. This work investigates Neural Signal Obfuscation (NSO) as a practical countermeasure for an AES-128 smart card-style implementation. We first acquire and characterize power traces from the target device and quantify baseline leakage using traces-to-disclosure (TTD), guessing entropy (GE), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the success rate of a neural network attacker. We then design and train a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional obfusca

Amlodipine Besylate (AMB) was determined in pharmaceutical and biological samples using a continuous-flow injection technique characterized by simplicity, rapidity, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, and a broad linear range. This study aims to develop and evaluate a flow injection analysis method for the rapid and reliable determination of Amlodipine in chemical and biological samples using minute quantities. The suggested method is based on the oxidation of the drug with a potassium bromide-potassium bromate mixture, followed by reaction with crystal violet as a reagent to produce a blue product, the absorbance of which was measured at 592 nm. The coefficient of determination  (R2) is 0.9978, and the calibration curve's linear range is

In this study, transition complexes of Fe(III), Zn(II), La(III), Ce(III), and Pr(III) with a Schiff base ligand (L), which is derived from 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and sulfamethoxazole, as the primary ligand, and L-Leucinate as a secondary ligand. The bonding mode of the Schiff base has been confirmed through a range of techniques, including infrared, UV-visible (UV-Vis), carbon and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, and spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A thorough discussion is provided on the structural and bonding features of the mixed ligand compl

The potential of Euphrates poplar (EP) leaves, a plentiful agricultural waste, as a sustainable adsorbent for wastewater treatment is examined in this work. FTIR, FESEM, and XRD were used to characterize activated carbon (AC) derived from EP leaves by carbonizing them at 400°C for 3 hours. Brunauer found a surface area of 3.77 m²/g using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique. Methylene blue (MB) adsorption trials showed that with an ideal contact time of 60 minutes, the removal efficiency exceeded 91%. Temperature and pH significantly affected the adsorption process, and the addition of EP nanoparticles enhanced dye uptake. According to kinetic modeling, the Temkin isotherm (R²= 0.904) provided the most accurate equilibrium f

To create nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO), a green chemistry method was used. Using Cordia myxa (ZnO-C) and Ziziphus spina (ZnO-Z) extracts works like natural reduction and stabilization properties. The green process provided enhanced phytochemical interactions, which facilitated nanoparticle formation and improved stability. The concentrations of Zn and O elements were validated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ZnO-C and ZnO-Z polycrystalline structures with a hexagonal wurtzite phase were validated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), where the average crystalline size is about 17.54 nm for ZnO-C, while for ZnO-Z it is equal to 16.809 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrograph of ZnO-C

The concept of cubic ideals is an important generalization in an algebraic structure. In this work, we introduce the notion of a cubic Q-sub-algebra and a cubic Q-ideal within a Q-algebra. Some properties of a cubic Q-ideal with a cubic BCK-ideal are studied, and a few results of these ideals are discussed.  Such that every cubic Q-ideal is a cubic BCK-ideal, and the opposite is not true. Also, the concept of the level set of a Q-algebra as a cubic set is defined, and some important results associated with it have been shown. The relationship between a cubic Q-ideal and a Q-ideal with a cubic Q-sub-algebra and a Q-sub-algebra by the level set is proved. Finally, the image and the inverse image of cubic Q-ideals under a homomorphism are

ZnTe possesses the proper optoelectronic properties as a candidate for device development. The structure and optical properties of ZnTe semiconductor thin films of 500 nm were studied using thermal evaporation technique. The influence of annealing temperatures on ZnTe thin films in the range ( R.T - 473 K). XRD and surface morphological analyses are used to examine the films. The ZnTe films are comparatively polycrystalline and cubic in phase, according to the XRD analysis. with a lattice constant of 0.61 nm upon an (111) orientation. The intensities of all the peaks rapidly increase though they show the same tendencies; it shows the crystallinity of the films becomes higher crystal size diameters (from 8.41 to 12.18nm) both increase as

Culex mosquitoes are important vectors of several human and animal diseases, including filariasis and various forms of encephalitis, making the control of their larvae a public health priority. In this study, Culex pipiens larvae were collected from a pond within the botanical garden of the Ibn Al-Haitham College of Education for Pure Sciences, and Aloe vera leaves were also collected from the same college's gardens. Aqueous Aloe vera extract was prepared and tested for its larval bactericidal activity against Culex pipiens mosquitoes under controlled laboratory conditions. Larvae of all four larval stages were exposed to a range of extract concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) in five replicates, each contai

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in deep learning technology within the field of speech applications, which has resulted in an increased interest in accent classification. The growing need for accurate speech recognition technology requires enhancing the ability of machines to identify accents, which results in giving a critical challenge in speech processing. The variety of English accents poses significant difficulties for automated speech recognition (ASR) systems, adversely impacting transcription accuracy and speaker intelligibility. This study aims to address this challenge by developing a deep learning model efficient in accurately classifying regional English dialects throughout the United Kingdom and Irel

Hard disk drives (HDDs) and recent data storage technologies are anticipated to play a transformative part in the development of information technology. Heat-assisted magnetic recording and its applications are one of the most significant technologies in this field, offering a pathway to noticeably higher storage densities. The thermal gradient in the tetralayer thin-film structure was generated by utilizing pulses of a femtosecond laser to produce a spin current. the tetralayer is made of an Al₂O₃- Py (Ni81Fe19)- MgO- Copper - YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂)- and Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ layers. To model the heat transfer and thermal gradients within this structure, COMSOL Multiphysics® software is used to conduct a detailed three-dimensional (3D)

Fungi are important decomposers of complex organic pollutants and have an enormous potential for use in bioremediation of petroleum-laden environments. In the current study, we investigated the diversity, distribution, and oil-degrading potential of fungi isolated from petroleum-contaminated soils in Iraq, specifically Baiji Refinery and Middle Oil Company. Fifteen soil samples were collected from each location as outlined between the months of September and November 2024. Fungal isolates were purified and identified based on morphological and microscopic examinations of the fungi using standard taxonomic keys. A total of 232 isolates were obtained, largely belonging to Ascomycota, with the predominant species being Aspergillus flavu

A fabricated Azo ligand (E)-1-[4-(3,4-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) diazenyl] phenylethan-1-one was produced by a coupling reaction between diazonium salt made from p-aminoacetophenone and a basic solution of 2,3-dichlorophenol. The azo compound was used to form complexes with Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions at a 2L:1M molar ratio in an alcoholic medium. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using a set of spectroscopic techniques to obtain chemical and structural information. Infrared with Fourier transformation; ultraviolet and visible; ¹H/¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance; mass; thermal analysis and micro elemental analysis spectrometry, as well as molar conductivity. The results certified the chemical moiety a