This work is concerned with studying the optimal classical continuous control quaternary vector problem. It is consisted of; the quaternary nonlinear hyperbolic boundary value problem and the cost functional. At first, the weak form of the quaternary nonlinear hyperbolic boundary value problem is obtained. Then under suitable hypotheses, the existence theorem of a unique state quaternary vector solution for the weak form where the classical continuous control quaternary vector is considered known is stated and demonstrated by employing the method of Galerkin and the compactness theorem. In addition, the continuity operator between the state quaternary vector solution of the weak form and the corresponding classical continuous control qua

 Thin films were prepared from melting coumrin C 2 dye in solvent DMF with PMMA with the same  solvent and concentrations(1*10-2    5*10-3, 1*10-3  )M ,Films were either left on Flat surface for24hours or dried in avacuum oven for five hours at a temperature of 80c.The relative intensity of both the absorption and fluorescece spectrum are found to be increased with the increase of thickness of these films and concentration  .Also the thickness of these films was measured by Mickelsons interfearing method.Also quantum efficiency of these films were measured too

The significance of the work is to introduce the new class of open sets, which is said Ǥ- -open set with some of properties. Then clarify how to calculate the boundary area for these sets using the upper and lower approximation and obtain the best accuracy.

In this paper, we used the maximum likelihood estimation method to find the estimation values ​​for survival and hazard rate functions of the Exponential Rayleigh distribution based on a sample of the real data for lung cancer and stomach cancer obtained from the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment, Department of Medical City, Tumor Teaching Hospital, depending on patients' diagnosis records and number of days the patient remains in the hospital until his death.

     In this paper, a solar concentrator is designed in the form of a concave half-cylindrical mirror consisting of polygonal reflective surface plates. The plates are arranged to give a hemispherical shape to the design. These surfaces work to receive solar radiation and focusing by reflecting it to the receiver that is placed in front of the reflecting surfaces. The results are compared with a system consisting of a concave reflecting surface of the same dimensions to obtain a good criterion for evaluating the design performance. The results showed a low acceptance angle for the design for all the samples used due to the geometrical design nature. The optical efficiency affected by the angle of incidence greatly by

     We introduce and discuss the modern type of fibrewise topological spaces, namely fibrewise fuzzy topological spaces. Also, we introduce the concepts of fibrewise closed fuzzy topological spaces, fibrewise open fuzzy topological spaces, fibrewise locally sliceable fuzzy topological spaces and fibrewise locally sectionable fuzzy topological spaces. Furthermore, we state and prove several theorems concerning these concepts.

In this paper, Bayes estimators for the shape and scale parameters of Weibull distribution have been obtained using the generalized weighted loss function, based on Exponential priors. Lindley’s approximation has been used effectively in Bayesian estimation. Based on theMonte Carlo simulation method, those estimators are compared depending on the mean squared errors (MSE’s).

The method of solving volterra integral equation by using numerical solution is a simple operation but to require many memory space to compute and save the operation. The importance of this equation appeares new direction to solve the equation by using new methods to avoid obstacles. One of these methods employ neural network for obtaining the solution.

This paper presents a proposed method by using cascade-forward neural network to simulate volterra integral equations solutions. This method depends on training cascade-forward neural network by inputs which represent the mean of volterra integral equations solutions, the target of cascade-forward neural network is to get the desired output of this network. Cascade-forward neural

The derivation of 5^th order diagonal implicit type Runge Kutta methods (DITRKM5) for solving 3^rd special order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is introduced in the present study. The DITRKM5 techniques are the name of the approach. This approach has three equivalent non-zero diagonal elements. To investigate the current study, a variety of tests for five various initial value problems (IVPs) with different step sizes h were implemented. Then, a comparison was made with the methods indicated in the other literature of the implicit RK techniques. The numerical techniques are elucidated as the qualification regarding the efficiency and number of function evaluations compared with another literature of the implic

     In this paper, we study a new concept of fuzzy sub-module, called  fuzzy socle semi-prime sub-module that is a generalization the concept of semi-prime fuzzy sub-module and fuzzy of approximately semi-prime sub-module in the ordinary sense.  This leads us to introduce level property which studies the relation between the ordinary and fuzzy sense of approximately semi-prime sub-module. Also, some of its characteristics and notions such as the intersection, image and external direct sum of fuzzy socle semi-prime sub-modules are introduced. Furthermore, the relation between the fuzzy socle semi-prime sub-module and other types of fuzzy sub-module presented.

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) are comparable for nasopharyngeal cancerous radiation therapy. This research intends to analyze the high-quality plan using accomplishment, conformance, and homogeneity criteria.

The study involved 40 patients with a postnasal cancerous tumor. The patients underwent computed tomography (CT) simulation to scan the anatomical details of the patients' heads. Then, their data was forwarded to the treatment planning system (TPS) workstation for IMRT and VMAT planning. The plans were evaluated using the IOA, HI, and CI indices.

The nasopharynx coverage results consist of the GTV and PTV at 95%. The statistical study reveals that VMAT provides

The research aims to develop the best possible design for the widely used Cassegrain telescope. The system consists of two models of different designs: (a) the telescope consists of a Maksutov lens, a spherical primary mirror, and a secondary mirror attached to the lens; (b) it consists of a Maksutov lens and a spherical primary mirror, plus a non-lens attached secondary mirror located between the lens and the primary mirror. The image was evaluated and analyzed using the analysis tools in Zemax software. The results of the two designs showed that the telescope whose secondary mirrors are not adjacent to the Maksutov lens produces high quality image that is almost free from aberration, and then comes the telescope whose secondary mirrors

     In the current work, Calculate cross sections for  ²⁵²Cf (α,3n)²⁵³Fm  reaction Use of interpolation and cross-section sampling published in the international literature to select the appropriate interaction of ground-level energies in a computer-based program (MATALAB-17.0) , in steps of energies (0.2 Million electron volts). Given the importance of the ²⁵²Cf isotope and its entry into the industrial and medical fields, there was a need to determine the energy of the incident neutron to produce this isotope, relying on the masses of the entering and leaving particles and the values ​​of angular momentum to obtain an equation and according to the theory of the opposite reac

The availability of different processing levels for satellite images makes it important to measure their suitability for classification tasks. This study investigates the impact of the Landsat data processing level on the accuracy of land cover classification using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The classification accuracy values of Landsat 8 (LS8) and Landsat 9 (LS9) data at different processing levels vary notably. For LS9, Collection 2 Level 2 (C2L2) achieved the highest accuracy of (86.55%) with the polynomial kernel of the SVM classifier, surpassing the Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) at (85.31%) and Collection 2 Level 1 (C2L1) at (84.93%). The LS8 data exhibits similar behavior. C

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were combined with a mixture of polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). TiO₂ nanoparticles were formed by the sol–gel process, and nanocomposites were prepared with concentrations 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% of TiO₂ nanoparticles after subjecting them to a calcination process at temperatures of about 400 °C and 700 °C, and with polymer blends of different concentrations (PVA various wt%, PEG constant wt%, and PVP constant wt%). A UV–Vis spectrometer was used to determine the optical constants of the prepared samples, namely, the absorption coefficients and Urbach energies. It was observed that the Urbach ene

The thermal evaporation technique is used to investigate the structural and optical properties of ZnIn₂(Se_1-0.2Te_0.2)₄ (ZIST) chalcopyrite semiconductors. ZnIn₂(Se_0.8Te_0.2)₄ thin films with a thickness of 500 nm are taken into consideration, and the effect of annealing at various temperatures ranged from R.T, 373, 473 K. (ZIST) Thin film is widely regarded as a remarkable semiconductor material for the development of second-generation solar cells. ZnIn₂(Se_0.8Te_0.2)₄ films are polycrystalline with excellent stoichiometric composition, as shown by XRD and AFM investigations. According to a structural study, an

     Proteus mirabilis is one of the most common Gram-negative bacteria that can cause UTIs. The purpose of this research was to identify virulence genes in P. mirabilis strains obtained from the urine of Iraqi patients diagnosed with urinary tract infections. From October 2022 to February 2023, AL-Imam Ali Hospital collected 100 urine specimens from patients exhibiting symptoms and signs of UTI. All specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics on media of culture like pale, non-lactose ferment colonies on MaCconkey agar, swarming on blood agar, and salmonella shigella agar for hydrogen sulfide production, more diagnosed via utilizing molecular detection and the VITEK system, giving positive resu

The structural and optical properties of silver telluride films with doped 2% aluminum (Ag₂Te:2%Al), prepared using the thermal evaporation technique, were studied on glass substrates with a thickness of (400+ 20) nm after changing the annealing temperature to (300° C) for one hour. The films were found to be polycrystalline, and monoclinic at room temperature (R.T.), the structure became cubic after annealing. In XRD test we found that the crystallite size of the doped films is larger before annealing than it is for the (Ag₂Te:2%Al) films, and AFM tests showed that the grain size increases after annealing It also shows that the structure is nano, UV-visible optical tests of Ag₂Te films revealed t

In this research, we investigate and evaluate the efficiency of a hetero junction N749-  device based on a simple donor-acceptor model for electron transfer. Electron transfer from a photo-excited N749 sensitized into a wide-band gap  is the basic charge separation in dye-sensitized solar cells, or "DSSCs". Due to the understanding of the current of the DSSCs functioning mechanism, the energy levels of the hetero junction N749-  device surrounded by DCM solvent as polar media must be continuum levels. The current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of the N749- device are calculated in two concentrations at room temperature (T=300 k) and 100   irradiation. The fill factor and efficiency of the device are found to be 0.134 and 6.990 for con

Metal oxide nanocomposites (MONCs) manufacturing is increasingly gaining popularity. The primary cause of this is the broad range of applications for such materials, which include fuel cells, photovoltaics, cosmetics, medicine, semiconductor packing materials, water treatment, and catalysts. Due to their size, stability, high surface area, catalytic activity, simplicity in fabrication, and selectivity for particular reactions. The MONCs with various morphologies have been created by physical, chemical, and biological processes, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, solvothermal, and microwave irradiation. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a major component of clove essential oil and it was found in various plant groups, has

     In this research, poly acetal has been prepared from poly vinyl alcohol reaction with the para methyl benzaldehyde. The solution casting process was used to create the polymer blends of poly acetal and PVP. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the gold and silver nanoparticles on the anticancer activity of the prepared compounds. Using onion peel extract as a reducing agent, the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were created. Nanocomposite were prepared by solution casting by mixing poly acetal /PVP /Au, Ag nano particles with different ratios. The AuNPs And AgNPs were characterized through XRD analysis and FESEM microscopy. The poly acetal, polymer blends and nano c

    Identifying the optimum solution that satisfies the restrictions and maximizes or minimizes the objective function is the aim of fully fuzzy fractional programming (FFFLP). Due to the inclusion of both fuzzy parameters and fractional variables, this problem is difficult to solve. Several approaches, including linear programming, nonlinear programming, genetic algorithms, and computational intelligence algorithms, have been suggested to handle fully fuzzy fractional linear programming (FFFL) problems. For describing the uncertainty, vagueness, or imprecision of information in the real world, triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are frequently used. Indeed, it is not always practical to limit the membership function

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme rich in cysteine proteases, extracted from the stem and fruit of pineapple (Ananas comosus). There are several therapeutic applications of the bromelain enzyme, where it has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial activity, reduces joint pain, and accelerates wound healing. In the current study, bromelain enzyme was loaded on silver nanoparticles (Br-AgNPs) prepared using the citrate-reduction Turkevich method. Different characterization analyses were performed, including UV-Vis spectrophotometers, FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of prepared Br-AgNPs was evaluated by DPPH assay. The results of UV-Vis showed a peak at 434 nm, which referred to the AgNPs f

The method of operational matrices based on different types of polynomials such as Bernstein, shifted Legendre and Bernoulli polynomials will be presented and implemented to solve the nonlinear Blasius equations approximately. The nonlinear differential equation will be converted into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations that can be solved using Mathematica^®12. The efficiency of these methods has been studied by calculating the maximum error remainder ( ), and it was found that their efficiency increases as the polynomial degree (n) increases, since the errors decrease. Moreover, the approximate solutions obtained by the proposed methods are compared with the solution of the 4^th order Runge-Kutta meth

     The ceramic PSCCO (PbSr₂Ca₂Cu₃O) and (PbSr₂Ca₂Cu_2.4Zn_0.6O) compounds were prepared using high-purity oxides (x=0 and0.6%) via solid reaction. The samples were then pressed into tablets with 1.5 cm diameter, at 5.4MPa for two minutes and sintered at 850°C for 24 hours. AFM was used to study the surface structure. It showed a stable improvement in the crystallization of the model surfaces. As a result of the chemical reaction between the raw materials, the granules united with each other, increasing their size. At a frequency range of 50-10⁶ Hz, regarding the dielectric properties, including the dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor,

The present study employed the pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique to synthesize cadmium nanoparticles (CdO NPs). PLAL is a top-down physical method that operates by splitting the precursor mass of metal ions into metal atoms. This work utilized a nanosecond Nd-YAG laser with two wavelengths, specifically 1064 nm and 532 nm, at a laser energy of 250 mJ. 250 pulses were applied for each wavelength during the synthesis process. This approach enabled the production of high-purity nanoparticles. The characteristics of the nanoparticles that were created were examined by the use of UV-Vis, and XRD analysis techniques. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the tested substance were evaluated against two Gram-positive bact

     Novel complexes were synthesized from Schiff base ligand (L) produced by reacting 3-hydrocyclo-1,3-dihydro-indole-2-one (A) with 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde in an ethanol medium. This study aims to synthesize the metal Schiff base ligands complexes of heterocyclic, which tested their biological activity as antimicrobial drugs. Metal complexes comprising manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc with Schiff base have been produced at a molar ratio of 1:1 (M: L). These complexes were identified using M.P, FT-IR, UV-Vis, Mass, ¹H-NMR, and C.H.N. Chloride-containing, atomic absorption, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility have all been used to identify these compounds. Utilizing mass spectroscopy, the molecular

The Candida albicans is a diploid polymorphic yeast that is found as part of the normal microbial flora in most healthy humans. It’s usually a harmless colonizer of mucosal surfaces; it can, however, cause disease in the case where the host suffers from a weakened immune system or is immunocompromised. The present investigation was carried out to detect and investigate the prevalence of some virulence factors, which include coagulase production, biofilm formation, and phospholipase distribution among Candida albicans isolated from different clinical samples, including oral cavity and respiratory tract, which were collected from May to August 2022 and numbered 280 of different ages and genders of Iraqi patients suspect

This study included the preparation and characterization of the new guanine derivative (N-((6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)propionamide), with an exciting chemical structure. The guanine part is a bicyclic heterocyclic base that is connected to a carbamothioyl group by a propionamide linker. This nitrogenous base derivative is prepared in two steps: The first step involves the synthesis of propionyl isothiocyanate from the reaction of propionyl chloride with ammonium thiocyanate in acetone. In contrast, the second step consists of the reaction of ammonium thiocyanate with guanine to obtain the ligand. The study also includes the preparation of new complexes of metal ions (Mn⁺², Co⁺², Ni⁺²,

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) species from the honeybee gut. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the FLAB species obtained from honey were Gram-positive and catalase-negative, and this identification was confirmed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The researchers performed a primary screening to evaluate the effect of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from Enterococcus faecium (E5), and it was observed that the CFS showed a high inhibition zone of 23 mm against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as determined by the agar well diffusion assay. This study also conducted further investigation to determine the optimal conditions for th