Peroxynitrite is one intermediate of reactive nitrogen species with bactericidal and cylotoxic effects. Fluoroquinolones. drugs used for salmonella infections, are interacted v\ith nitrogen species and their baeterieida effect is influenced by these species. This study aims to assess serum peroxynitrite level in patients with enteric (typhoid) fever and. to investigate the effect of ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin on serum peroxynitrite level as well as in aqueous buffer solution in vitro. Thirty patients with enteric fever diagnosed clinically and serologically and twenty healthy individuals served as controls were admitted in this study. None of our sample was received anli-salmonellosis agents. Our resu
... Show MoreBackground: Maxillary sinusitis is one of the most common infections of humans. Sinusitis can be defined as an inflammation of the membrane lining of any sinus, especially one of the
paranasal sinuses.
Objective: To determine the causative microorganisms of acute maxillary sinusitis.
Patients: Forty five acute sinusitis patients were involved in the present study.
Methods: Sampling methods were per-oral nasopharyngeal swabs.
Results: Haemophilus species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) and Moraxella catarrhalis (M.catarrhalis) were the most frequent isolates.
Conclusion: The most causative agents of acute maxillary sinusitis were bacterial isolates, which were Haemophilus species followed by S.pne
الخلفية:هناك القليل من المعلومات حول المخاطر المحتمله للجسيمات متناهية الصغر على صحة الإنسان، لا سيما الهرمونات الجنسية.
الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أثر دقائق الذهب النانوية السمية المحتملة على مستويات الهرمونات الجنسية التستوستيرون (T) واستراديول (E2) في امصال دم البشر الذكور.
المرضى والطرق: شارك 25 رجلا متطوعا بصحة جيدة تراوحت أعمارهم ب
... Show Moreخلفية البحث: سرطان الثدي هو مرض غير متجانسة إلى حد كبير على الصعيد العالمي. وتلعب العناصر النزرة مثل النحاس والخارصين دورا في العديد من التفاعلات الكيموحيوية كمصدر جزئي، يحدث تغيير في عملية الأيض في أمراض الأورام وخاصة سرطان الثدي والذي يحتل المرتبة الاولى من سرطانات الإناث
الهدف من البحث: الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو دراسة تأثير مؤشر كتلة الجسم وبعض العناصر النز
... Show Moreخلفية البحث:ان اعراض المجاري البولية السفلى لدى المرضى المصابين بتضخم البروستا الحميد قد تؤثر على نوعية الحياة مما يتطلب اضافة عقار السوليفيناسين الى علاج الفا بلوكر .
هدف الدراسة: تحديد فعالية ومدى تحمل الجسم لعقار السولفناسين 5 ملغ في علاج اعراض المجاري البولية السفلى لمرضى تضخم البروستاتا الحميد.
المرضى وطرق البحث:
... Show Moreالخلفية: إن عملية استئصال المرارة (كيس الصفراء) بالناظور أصبحت العملية الشائعة لعلاج أمراض المرارة, لذلك معرفة صعوبة العملية قبل إجرائها يساعد الجراح في تقليل الخطورة أثناء العملية وتحويلها إلى عملية فتح بطن.
الهدف: تقييم تأثير سمك جدار المرارة على عملية رفع المرارة بالناظور وعلاقته بالصعوبات أثناء أو بعد العملية.
الطرق والمرضى: در
... Show Moreخلفية البحث: تعتبر الفتحة الولادية بين البطينين في القلب من أكثر التشوهات القلبية شيوعا وتمثل 20-30% من كل أنواع التشوهات القلبية .
هدف البحث: هذه الدراسة تمثل مراجعة لنتائج جراحة القلب لغلق الفتحة بين البطينين في القلب في مستشفى ابن النفيس التعليمي / قسم جراحة القلب المفتوح/ بغداد/ العراق.
المرضى وطرائق البحث: هذه الد
... Show MoreBackground:
الخلفيه النظريه: ان النقص في الدراسات المتعلقه بخصائص الاورام العصبيه الغديه منسوب الى كون هذه الاورام نادره الوقوع. ان عقار الاوكتيريوتايد اثبت فعاليته كعلاج لهذه الاورام لكن الدراسات المتعلقه بنسب حدوث الاورام العصبيه الغديه ومدى استجابتها لعقار الاوكتيريوتايد لا زالت غير كافيه.
الغرض من الدراسه: خصائص مرضى هذا النوع من الاورام ومدى استجابتهم ل
... Show Moreخلفية عن الدراسة: هناك عدة عوامل تجعل إبيضاض الدم اللمفي المزمن موضوعا هاما يستحق الدراسة من قبل الباحثين. وتشمل هذه الدراسات تقدما ملحوظا في فهم علم الأحياء الجزيئي للخلايا اللمفاوية الطبيعية والورمية والتطورات الحديثة في تقنيات الوراثة الجزيئية. بين المعلمات الجزيئية، القامع السرطان الجيني p53 قد درس على نطاق واسع.
الهدف من الدراسة: ربط التعبير البروتيني 53p
... Show MoreBackground: Hydrocephalus is an imbalance of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) formation & absorption of sufficient magnitude to produce a net accumulation of fluid within to cerebral ventricles.
Aim of study: the main objective of this study is to compare frontal with post parietal shunt regarding the surgery complications , end results & then to compare it with other studies abroad.
Patient & Methods: this study included 920 patients admitted to the Neurosurgical department in the Hospital of surgical specialty,Medical city. The patients had full radiological study including MRI and CT . All patients were surgically managed & followed up for at least one year.
Results: results were & compared regarding the type of
Background: Alcohol remains the single most significant Cause of liver disease throughout the Western World, responsible for between 40 and 80% of cases of cirrhosis in different countries. Many of the factors underlying the development of alcoholic liver injwy remain unknown, and significant questions remain about the value of even very basic therapeutic strategies.
Patients and Methods: A total number of 113 patients with ALD attending the Gastroenterology and Hepatology teaching hospital between December 2001 and December 2003 were studied for the gastrointestinal, esophagogastroduodenoscopic manifestation of alcoholic liver disease.
Results.'The most common presenting symptom was jaundice (62.8%), anorexia, weight loss (39.8-54
Background: A comparism study for management of deep seated small brain tumors less than 4 cm in the 3 diameters between cases managed by Brain lab navigator and those without it.
Patients and methods: We took 20 patients from the retrospecture data before the use of Navigator in our country compared with the 20 patients managed after the use of navigator in our hospital (specialized surgical hospital) in the neuro-surgical. Unit since 2002 till now. From 1/8/2002 till 31/12/2007 the study included the type of tumor & surgery & the result of surgery & time & complications ((morbidity & mortality)).
Results: There was a significant increase of the safety of surgery by using the navigator
Background: Preeclampsia, the de novo occurrence of hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation, continues to exert an inordinate toll on mothers and children alike.
The idea that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) accumulation may be a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with preeclampsia was advanced in 2003. Furthermore, High ADMA levels have been associated with alterations in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and neural function, with insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, and alterations in bone homeostasis, fertility, and erectile function.
Subject and methods: the present study is a cross-sectional case-control study includes measurement of s.ADMA in 60 patients with
Background: This study is concerned with the effects of preeclampsia on the availability of the important enzymes in the full term placenta.For this purpose 2 groups of placentae were taken from the full term pregnant women immediately after labour, each group consists of 10 placentae, the first group are those placentae obtained from pregnant women having uneventful pregnancy with no history of any disease or complication (as a control group) while the second group includes those pregnant women having a history of preeclampsia, the results showed significant histochemical changes in the placentae of the second group when compared with the first group, such changes result from syncytial damage and destr
... Show MoreBackground: The development of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was based principally on inhibiting cyclooxygenases (COX) activity. However, the identification of two
COX- isoforms (i.e., COX-1 and COX-2) with different physiological effects has led to the development of COX-2 specific NSAIDs, with fewer adverse effects than traditional NSAIDs.
Therefore, They are expected to produce anti-inflammatory activity with minimal adverse effects on GI mucosa, as well as, other structures and cells such as platelets.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of selectivity of COX-2 inhibitors on many organs and systems function such as the hepatobiliary system, platelets function, as well as, seru
Background: Cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients is commonly followed by high morbidity and mortality, the incidence of hepatic cirrhosis has increased since last decade as well as the occurrence of complication such as liver failure, portal hypertension, and biliary disorders.
Patients and methods: laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was performed in 24 cirrhotic patients (18 child A and 6 child B) in an effort to obtain lower complications and mortality rates. The mean age of the group was 51.8 years, ten of the 24 patients were men and 14 female.
Results: intraoperative complications such as bleeding, dense adhesion and long operative time were recorded.
Conclusion: laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was safe and
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common cause of anovulation during reproductive life.Resistin can increase ovarian androgen production by directly stimulating ovarian theca cell or indirectly by augmenting pancreatic – B cell production of insulin.
Patients and Methods: Sixty patients with PCOS who were non diabetic and not taking any medicine for the last three months were involved in the study .Thirty normal fertile female serves as control group. Fasting blood samples were aspirated from all individuals from 3rd - 6th day of the menstrual cycle to measure resistin, insulin, glucose, LH, FSH, TT3, TT4, Prolactin , Total Testosterone and lipid profile, by ELISA and rou
مقدمة:الكسر الخلعي عند المفصل بين الفقرات الصدريه مع الفقرات القطنية الناتج عن شدة خارجية ذات طاقة شديدة مباشرة أو غير مباشرة عادة يتم علاجها بتثبيت يصل الى ثلاث فقرات. تثبيت الفقرات باستعمال جزء صغير من العمود الفقري لديه فوائد عديدة منها قصر وقت العملية اضافة لتقليل العوامل النفسية والوظيفية التي تسبب عوق مابعد العملية مع المضاعفات في موقع العمليه في الجسم نفسه.
الهدف من ألبحث ت
... Show Moreخلفية الموضوع: العلاقة بين التغير الوراثي رقم 308 لعامل تنخر الخلايا السرطانية نوع الفا ومرض السكري النوع الثاني يبقى مصدر جدل واختلاف في الاصول وانماط الحياة التي تلعب دور مهم في هذا التضارب.
الهدف :لبحث دور التغير الوراثي رقم 308 في عامل تنخر الخلايا السرطانية نوع الفا مع مرض السكري النوع الثاني ومعيار كتلة الجسم في هؤلاء المرضى.
طرائق العمل: الدراسة الحالية تضمنت خمسون مر
... Show Moreخلفية البحث: إن جراحة تثبيت العمود الفقري باستخدام مسمار قدم الفقرات أصبحت من الوسائل الشائعة في جراحه العمود الفقري. رغم التطور الذي في تقنيات و تصاميم وسائل هذه ألجراحه و استخدام التصوير ألشعاعي إثناء هذه ألجراحه لازالت هنالك احتماليه وضع هذا المسمار في غير موضعه الصحيح محدثا ثقوبا في قشره قدم الفقرات مهددا أصابه الأحشاء العصبية و الوعائية ما حول الفقرات.
ال
... Show Moreالخلفية: مشاكل القدم السكري هي واحده من أهم مضاعفات مرض السكري الذي يسبب اعتلال ذو كلفة عالية في جميع انحاء العالم والتي يمكن ان تعزى إلى سوء الممارسات الذاتية عند المريض.
الأهداف: تقييم الممارسات الوقائية للعناية بالقدم بين وسط مرضي السكري وأيجاد اي ارتباط ذا معنى احصائي لهذه الممارسات بالخصائص الاجتماعيه-الديمغرافية او بالخضائض ذات الصلة بمرض السكري.
... Show MoreBackground: In Iraq, Primary Health Care (PHC) services are provided trough a network of about 1900 PHC Centers (PHCC). Recently, attempts were made to enhance the practice of primary health care to encompass the family health model. Expressed attendants' satisfaction and opinion about provided care at any health care setting is an important predictor of utilization and continuity of obtaining care from the same source. The objective: is to describe and compare satisfaction of attendants of a Family Medicine Training Center (FMTC) and a PHCC in Baghdad.
Subjects and Methods: a comparative cross sectional study conducted on a random sample of 300 attendants from each center. Attendants’ satisfaction towa
Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common rheumatologic syndrome with multiple systemic manifestations & associated with many diseases. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between FMS and BMI (Body mass index) in a sample of Iraqi patients.
Patients and Methods: Fifty patients with FMS, 46 (92%) females and 4 (8%) males; their mean age (47.44), and 25 healthy control individuals were studied; 13 (52%) are females and 12 (48%) are males, their mean ages (41.4) years. All FMS features and criteria are studied for patients and control, patients with secondary FMS was excluded. Body mass index (BMI) is determined for both groups.
Results: The ratio between female and male was
Background: Patients who undergo craniectomy or removal of part of the skull bone following trauma to give a release to the brain are later managed by auto graft, or synthetic acrylic graft.
Patients and method: 20 patients transferred to specialized surgical hospital from U.S mellitary Ibn Sinna hospital with removal the skull bone implanted in the abdomenol wall or thigh and managed by returning of the bone to the scalp compared with 20 patients managed in our hospital to start by craniectomy and implantation of a synthetic bone graft acrylic, the comparism included the surgery, time of delay, out come, complication.
Results: We divided the patients to group A and B, A were the ones treated by Autograft &
Background: Life-long red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion remains the main treatment for severe cases of thalassaemia. The development of anti-RBC antibodies (alloantibodies and for
autoantibodies) can significantly complicate transfusion therapy. Some alloantibodies are hemolytic and may cause, though not invariably, hemolytic transfusion reactions and limit the availability of further safe transfusion. Erythrocyte autoantibodies appear less frequently in blood cross match.
Patients and methods: This is a descriptive study ducted at Al-Karama Thalassaemia Center in Baghdad .The sampling was done from September 2005 to April 2006 and all patients were diagnosed as Thalassaemia Major according to the hemoglob
Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic genetic system in man. The genes of this region seem to influence susceptibility to certain diseases.
Patients and methods: Polymerase chain reaction-Sequence Specific Primers PCR-SSP is the method used to asses HLA-typing of 100 blood samples of 60 AIH patients and 40 healthy normal controls.
Results: An increased frequency of HLA-DR3, DR4 and DR7 was observed for patients group versus control group with P-value (0.0001, 0.05, and 0.001) respectively, while DR*0211 (DR2) may be formed the basis for protection against the disease. HLA-DQ on the other hand, yielded on association in Iraqi patients with AIH.
Conclusions: This finding de
Background: Urany1 acetate (UA) mostly a kidney poison or chemical toxic and not nearly so much radiological also is not accumulative toxic, so it is not concentrated in the food chain nor would it cause pathological condition due to increase levels from expomers. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the target organ as most of the lethal dose (LD50) male rats died within 24 hours.
Methods: Study was done on (120) male rats of 2 months old, at varying dosage level of uranyl acetate ranging from LD 50 of 2.5 and 1.5gm/kg and varying dosage level, by oral intubation. There were (40) rats for LD 50 were given single oral dose from 2.5 to 1.5 gm /kg every day. Eighty rats for the main study, (20) rats each gr
Background: Polycythemia (or polycythaemia or erythrocytosis) is a condition in which there is a net increase in the total number of blood cells, primarily red blood cells, in the body. The overproduction of red blood cells may be due to a primary process in the bone marrow (a so-called myeloproliferative syndrome), or it may be a reaction to chronically low oxygen levels or, rarely, a malignancy. Minerals are the building blocks of our bodies. They are required for body structure, fluid balance, protein structures and to produce hormones. They are the key for the health of every body system and function. They act as co-factors, catalysts or inhibitors of all enzymes in the body .
Patients and Methods: B
خلفية الموضوع: المالاسيزيا خميرة أحادية القطب تتعايش على الجلد وقد تكون ممرضة تحت بعض الظروف البيئية. خميرة المالاسيزيا معروفة كنبيت طبيعي للفقريات ذوات الدم الدافئ. الصدفية هو مرض جلدي غير معروف المسبب، يُعتقد بأن الفطريات قد تثير الأمراضية.
الأهداف: على الرغم من أن دور المالاسيزيا ما زال غير مفهومة تماما في أمرضية الصدفية ، ويعتقد أن هذه الخمائر محبة للدهو
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