Background:

Background: Squamous carcinoma accounts for majority of esophaged cancinoma Most patients with esophaged cancer are middle aged or elderly with make to female ratio 2.5:1.
Aim of study : to present a fairly representative picture of the carcinoma of esophagus in' yemen.
Patients& Methods: Seventy-six patients were treated for carcinoma of esophagus over a 5 - year period by cardiothoracic and vascular surgeon working in Sana a - Yemen. Amongst them there were thirty one men and forty-five women, with male/female ratio 1:1.45, age incidence (range 38 - 40year).
Results:. Adenocarcinoma was 65% of cases and other 35% was squamous cel! carcinoma. The major risk factors were founded chewing quat, silicon particles, thermal injur

Background: Glucose -6- phosphate deosphate dehydnogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common problem in Iraqi as well as in tropical A subtropical region.
Aim of study: to study the epidemiological aspect of G6PD deftaiency among Iraqi children. Patients & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric ward/A L Kadhiymia Teaching Hospital during the season of Fava beans ingestion. Patients who were presented with acute attack of pallor were collected , history was taken and physical examination was done.
Results : Ninety seven cases were studied, males were affected more than female with a ratio of 3.85:1, the peak of age was between ( 1 - 5years ), 76 cases ,(78.36%).Previous history of neonatal jaundice was fou

Background: Hypertension occurs in some patients with primary nephritic syndrome it may be mediated by changes in vasopressin activities or intravascular volume.
Aim of study: is to find out how many patients with idiopathic nephritic syndrome hare hypertension. Subj. & Methods: The study included 50 children (29 males and 21 females) with age ranger between
1- 13 years. Sixteen patients (32%) were with initial attack of nephritic syndrome, while thirty four patients (68%) presented with relapse.
Results: Nine (18%) patients had hypertension, eight (16%) patients were relapse cases, and one (2%>) patient was with initial attack. Hypertension was found in four (8%) patients with steroid resistant neurotic syndrome, three (

Background:

Background: Many reports demonstrated an increase in low birth weight in the past three decades. This work was carried out to study the prevalence of low birth weight and its determinants among neonates delivered in Baghdad, Iraq.
Materials: A total of 400 singleton newborns delivered at two hospitals in Baghdad city during 15th June to 15th Nov. 2003 were included in the study.
Results: Half of the neonates were born with low birth weight. Out of the low birth weight neonates, there were 83% preterm neonates. Prevalence of low birth weight neonates was significantly associated with maternal age, age at marriage, parity, and anaemia. 
Conclusion: This study indicates that the most appropriate approa

Background:

الخلاصة : الخلفيه   التهاب القصيبات هو المرض الاكثر شيوعا للجهاز التنفسي السفلي خلال السنه الاولى من العمر.وهوعادة يحدث بسبب الفيروس المخلوي التنفسي. العلاج عادة ساند لذلك علم الاوبئه والنتائج السريريه والمختبريه والاشعه ربما تسهل التشخيص المبكر والعلاج لحالات التهاب القصيبات .

الهدف : الهدف من دراستنا هي لتقييم الصفات السريريه والنتائج المختبريه للاطفال الراقدين في المستشفى ن

خلفيةالبحث: ان نسبةحدوث تاخر الحمل مابعد الاربعين اسبوع مايقارب ال10 %من الحمل المنفرد وان اغلب الحالات يكون سببها الحساب غيرالدقيق للحمل حيث ان الحساب الدقيق يعتمد على موعد الدورةالشهرية الاخيرة وعلى السونرالمجرى في الاشهر الثلاثةالاولى من الحمل.

الهدف:تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة التاثيرات السلبية فيما اذا تأخر الحمل مابعد الموعد المحدد له على صحة كل من الام والطفل.

طريقة العمل:<

سرطان شبكية العين عند الاطفال العراقيين،  تجربة مستشفى حماية الأطفال التعليمي

د.راسم محمد الجميلي

أ.د.سلمى عباس الحداد

أ.م.د.مازن فيصل الجادري

د.أريج عماد كاظم

الخلاصة

الخلفية: : سرطان شبكية العين هو ورم العين الأكثر شيوعاً الذي يصيب الاطفال الصغار.

الأهداف: مراجعة الا

Summary
The vegetables are considered as an important source of human infection with intestinal parasites. Aims: to try a detection of the protozoal cysts or helminthic ova from vegetables collected from Baghdad markets.
Methods: The study was carried out during three months I'1 of September to the end of November 1999. Four different kinds of vegetables were selected for this study including tomato, onion, cucumber and celery. The vegetables soaked and washed in saline, centrifuged and the sediment examinedfor the presence ofprotozoal cysts, helminthic ova or fungi.
Results: Ova of Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis were isolated from tomato and celery. Hookworm ova were isolated from celery leaves. Entamoeba hist

Background : It is quite accepted that interleukins (IL) in general play a crucial role in response to injuy , infection and on cogenic trans formation , among there are IL-6 and ILJO.
Aim of this study is to find out the possible role of IL_ and IL, 10 in colo rectaI carcima in Iraqi patients.
Subjects and Methods: forty patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) composed with 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum conc. Of IL-6 and IL -lOwere estimated in both groups using ELIZA technique.
Results: Serem levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased (P<0.001) in compassion with control group.
Conclusion: these cytokins could be used as a markers for tumor progression .

الخلفية:

يعتبر اوكسيد النتريك من العناصر الفسلجية والمهمة في تنظيم حركية السائل المائي للعين. من جهة أخرى فان المركبات التي تعتمد في فعاليتها على اوكسيد النتريك قد تعمل على زيادة تصريف السائل المائي للعين وبالتالي في انخفاض الضغط الداخلي للعين 

الأهداف: 

السلدينافيل من الأدوية المثبطة للإنزيم الفوسفودايستريز -5 والتي تعمل على زيادة تحري

خلفية: بروتينات الصدمة الحرارية يكون لها دور عام في الاستجابة للجدران الشرايين إلى التوتر ويمكن أن تكون بمثابة وسيط / محفز لتصلب الشرايين في ظروف معينة عندما HSPs ربط خصيصا لمجمع تول مثل مستقبلات 4/CD14، الشروع في المناعة الفطرية ردا على ذلك، بما في ذلك إنتاج السيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات، وهذا يتبعه أيضا من خلال التضخيم خلوى التهجير من الضامة والعدلات.

الهدف: تحقيق في النسبة الم

Background and objectives: P53 gene mutation and deletion are among the important molecular markers linked to lung cancer. In most cases, the inactivating mutations affecting both p53 alleles are acquired in somatic cells. Less commonly, the mutations are inherited ones. The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of having a wild and/or a mutated p53 gene in lung cancer compared to benign lung lesions and to relate these findings to different morphological types and grades of lung cancer.
Patients, materials and methods: In this retrospective study, the histopathology blocks of 30 lung cancer cases covering the period from2002 to 2007were obtained from the archives of the histopathology sec

Background: It is well known that the low level laser irradiation has act on immune system cells in a number of ways, one of them includes increasing phagocytic activity of irradiated cells. This study was established to shed light on the possible effect of laser irradiation on phagocytic activity of polymorphoneutrophils.
Subjects and methods: Fresh blood samples were obtained from twenty healthy volunteers for phagocytosis assay. The polymorphoneutrophils were isolated from blood and examined their phagocytic capacity befor and after exposure to laser irradiation.
Results: The present study revealed a significant increase in the mean percentage of phagocytosis after exposure to diode laser of wave le

Background: Cherry extract has a wide range of biological activity. In the present investigation, two oral doses 0.04&0.08 mg/kg/day of cherry stick (ethanol extract) in albino male mice resulted in a significant decrease in concentration of serum total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride and total protein, albumin and globulin.
Objective: we investigated the impact of biological activities of cherry stick extract on serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin and globulin in white albino male mice.
Design: This study include three groups of white albino male mice. The first group (G1) was a control group comprised of 5 animals. The second group (G2) consisted of 5 animals treated with 1

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation with subsequent cartilage and bone destruction. Cytokines are  key mediators of inflammation and can be found in abundance both in the joint and blood of patients. This study was designed to evaluate the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pathogenesis of RA, as well as study the correlation among these cytokines.
Patients and methods: Forty patients with RA and thirty age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Serum cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: The serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8

Back ground: Anaemia is one of commonest health problems in antenatal care units of developing countries and contributes significantly to increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Patients and methods: During the period from 1st of July 2007 to the end of October 2007, hundred anaemic pregnant women attending the gynaecology and obstetrics department in Al- Yarmook teaching hospital in Baghdad and 20 apparently healthy pregnant women,aged between 17 - 46 years as a control were included in this study. Anaemic women included in this study fulfilled the criteria of haemoglobin concentration of less than 110 g/L in first trimester and 105g/L in the second and third trimesters, no history of acute

Background: Patient evaluation of the healthcare provided by his/her family doctor is a multidimensional concept, its main component being the doctor-patient interaction.
Materials and Methods: a total of 200 client chosen by systematic random sampling were successfully interviewed immediately after having the contact with the family physician in the family medicine center.
Results: The present study showed that the majority of the clients were young age, most of them were female, completed secondary education and the majorities were unemployed. This study determined the client general satisfaction the services provided by the physician the overall satisfaction was high (98%), the most significant stat

Background: IL-4 is an antibodies inflammatory cytokine which has an important role in protecting against the inflammatory reactions in most of diseases. Here, we try to highlights the role of this cytokine in chronic Rheumatic heart disease and its correlation with the extent of histopathological abnormalities.
Patients and Methods: Rheumatic mitral valve surgical fragments were taken from a total of 48 Iraqi patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease under mitral valve replacement surgery in Ibn Al- Bitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery-Iraq-Baghdad. Paraffin embedded mitral valve tissue sections were prepared. IL-4-expressing cells were detected by using immunohistochemical staining technique and

Background: In Ulcerative colitis (UC), the presence of a persistently elevated number of T cells in the inflamed area with respect to the activity of the disease suggesting bad prognosis. This study was done to evaluate cellular immune response in different disease activity patterns and its possible implication in evaluation of disease activity.
Materials and methods: This study included Forty seven archived paraffin-embedded samples of ulcerative colitis; these samples diagnosed and graded for disease activity. Then dual
immunofluorescence staining was used for phenotyping of lymphocytic infiltrate (CD3- CD19) and (CD4-CD8). A total and differential T cell as well as plasma cell count was recorded in thes

Rupture of the trachea or main bronchus can occurs during severe chest trauma and this event has been reported since more than a century. This is a report of a 19 year old male patient sustained car accident leading to loss of consciousness due to multiple trauma ,involving specially the head and the chest that he needs assisted ventilation in an intensive care unit and later a tracheostomy .The patient regain his consciousness gradually , and a late diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the left main bronchus , which was approved by bonchoscopy and CT chest .Surgical repair of the ruptured left main bronchus was accomplished sixty days from the admission with the lung fully expanded on a post operative che

خلفية: التسرطن القولون والمستقيم الإنسان هي عملية معقدة، عملية متعددة الخطوات وmultigenetic. مصفوفة الفلزي-2 و 2-انزيمات الأكسدة الحلقية هي انزيم رئيسي في تدهور المواد خارج الخلية، وأعرب أكثر من ظهائر في عدة مثل غدية القولون والمستقيم.

الأهداف: تم تصميم هذه الدراسة للكشف عن التعبير عن مصفوفة الفلزي-2 و 2-انزيمات الأكسدة الحلقية في المرضى الذين يعانون من سرطان القولون والمستقيم والعلاق

الخلفية :- دراسة نخاع العظم لازالت هي النقطه الاساسيه التي تعكس فعالية ونشاط نظام بناء الخلايا الدمويه, الامراض الدمويه وبعض الامراض العامه في جسم الانسان.

ان من الصعب اعطاء التشخيص النهائي لامراض الخلل النخاعي المتشعب لحد الان بسبب تشابه المؤشرات والخواص الطبيه بالاضافه الى النسيجيه مثل تليف نخاع العظم والذي يعتبر مهما لانه يؤثر بشكل من الاشكال على نشاط نخاع العظم.

Background: Sildenafil is a drug that is used to treat erectile dysfunctions, it acts by inhibiting CGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that regulates blood flow in the penis. The most common adverse effects of sildenafil are headache, dyspepsia, nasal congestion and impaired vision which includes photophobia and blurred vision. Many dermatological side effects are present like flushing, urticaria, sweating and many others.
Patients and Methods: Fifty six males were included in this study, with ages between 37 – 60 years and a mean age of 50.1 ± 7.1years. The study was conducted from November 2004 till May 2009 in the Department of Dermatology of Al-Kadhymia Teaching Hospital in Baghdad;

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NJ) is a common problem worldwide and frequent in Iraq . Several reports were published on prevalence, distribution, causes and treatment of NJ.This clinical trial was carried out to demonstrate the effect of combinations of Castrol oil, riboflavin and magnesium in mechanical elimination of bilirubin after enhancing hepatic excretion by phototherapy.
Patients & methods: This clinical trial included a total of 61 significantly jaundiced neonates who were admitted to the special care baby unit of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, medical city complex, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period June 1st to Dec.31st 2007. Phototherapy was applied alone in 30 neonates (group 1) and p

Background: Fenugreek seeds are used as food ingredient in traditional medicines; also aspirin is an incredible chemical with many useful benefits in the medical field. The objective was to study the effect of aspirin and fenugreek on testes of mice.
Method: 20 white male mice weighing (18-23gm) were divided into four groups 5 each. Group 1, represented control, group 2, mice treated with fenugreek seed (100mg/KgB.W), group 3 mice treated with aspirin (10mg/Kg B.W), group 4 mice treated with aspirin and fenugreek seed for 21 days. Body weight and testes weights were recorded. Histopathological examination of testes was carried out.
Results: a significant decrease (P<0.05) in body weight of mice treated w

Background:The diabetogenic agent alloxan is a selective necrosis of insulin producing cells .Alloxan accumulated rapidly in liver and pancreatic islets , this study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of cinnamon oil on the destructive effect of alloxan in liver and intestine diabetic tissues .
Materials and methods:Thirty male rats were used and divided into threegroups: Group I =10 animal controls, Group II =10 treated with alloxan, Group III = 10 treated with alloxan + cinnamon oil . 
Results:Liver and intestine tissues of diabetic groups revealed necrotic, degeneration of cells (histologically ) , increase in blood serum enzymes for acid and alkaline phosphatase , total protein&nbs

Background: Acrylic resin dentures are susceptible to fracture; it is unresolved problem in prosthodontics. The repair procedure should be simple, strong, and accurate. This study evaluated the transverse and impact strength of autopolymerizing acrylic resin, the repair material was modified with kraft lignin as a new enforcement material and compared with the commercially available self cured acrylic resin.
Materials and Methods: The addition of kraft lignin to the acrylic resin were done in percentages of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, and 1.5% (wt%). Seventy specimens were made according to the ADA specification No 12 for transverse strength using three point bending test and Impact strength tes