Background:
Angiogenic potential m most tumors; characterized by VEGF and vascular bed density around tumor islands, is believed to be an important marker in predicting tumor growth,
recurrence and metastasis.
Materials and Methods:
The study included 50 cases of ameloblastomas. From each case 4 μm sections were stained IHC with antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody- and endothelial lined
vessels anti CD34 antibody to evaluate their expression and intensity in relation to their Fac Med Baghdad clinicopathological features.
Results:
Generally, VEGF was significantly highly expressed with strong intensity in outer cell layer of tumor islands, and the newly formed blood vessels were signif

Background: Leukemias and lymphomas are malignant disorders that occur in the blood forming organs and lymphoid tissue respectively. They are classified to types and several subtypes such as acute or chronic, lymphocytic or myelocytic and T-cell or B-cell lymphocytic for leukemias and histologically into Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s for lymphomas. Literatures do not contain many research work on magnesium in patients with these disorders, although this mineral is essential for many metabolic, enzymic, regulatory and immune reactions in the human body. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the level of magnesium in the sera of patients with different types of leukemia and lymphoma.
Patients

Background: Breast cancer is the culmination of a multi-step process that occurs over a period of several years or decades and as a cause of death, is a salient "free radical" disease. Aim: The present study aims on investigating the possible protective role of antioxidant drugs (vitamins E and C) to cardiac cells against the oxidative stress induced damage during doxorubicin chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
Patients and methods: Thirty two patients with different stages of breast carcinoma attending to Baghdad Teaching Hospital and ten healthy control subjects with age range between (29-61) years, mean (43.6±1.37) were included in this study. The patients were randomized into 3 groups, they

Objectives: Severe head injury is the most devastating neurosurgical condition and it is only next to cancers as the leading cause of death in developed countries.
Because trace elements (TEs) are involved in most of enzymes that drives the biochemical reactions, so they are considered as a window to the biochemical
environment of the body in general and in brain in specific. 
Aim of the Study: This study measured six TEs (Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu, Mn and Co) in 29 patients with severe head injury (GCS Score 3-9); their ages between 5-50 years.
Collection and estimation performed at both Neurosurgical Hospital (NH) in Baghdad and Medical Research Center (MRC) of College of Medicine, Kadhimiyah between Janu

أن ثقب جدار القلب بين البطينين الناتج عن أحشاء العضلة القلبية وبالرغم من ندرته ألا أن مضاعفاته مميتة.وتحدث هذه المضاعفات عادة بعد مرور حوالي 2_8 أيام من أحتشاء العضلة القلبية وعادة ماتنتهي بهبوط حاد بالدورة الدموية ولغرض تفادي المضاعفات وحالات الوفاة العالية والمصاحبة لهذه الحاله. يجب أجراء العملية الجراحية بصوره طارئة وعادة يحتاج المرضى بالاضافه الى تصليح جدار القلب لزراعة شرايين القلب التاج

Background:
tuberculosis is an endemic disease in Yemen. Abdominal Tuberculosis (AT) is the most common extra pulmonary manifestation of the disease.The clinical picture
can be non specific.Laparoscopy is the most accurate diagnostic method but has its limitation depending on presentation.
The aim of this study was to present the common clinical manifestation and the different type of Abdominal TB,the surgical procedure used,the morbidity and
mortality of the disease.
 Patient and Methods:
This is a prospective study of 48 patients with Abdominal TB who were admitted to Kuwait University hospital in Sana'a-Yemen between Jan 2002-Dec
2004.fourteen patients (29%) were treated medically with Ant

Background: Many drug and non drug approaches are utilized for the treatment of dyslipidemia; flavonoids, the major constituents of silymarin, have been proved to
positively modify lipoproteins in experimentally – induced dyslipidemia. 
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of silymarin, when used alone or in combination with other hypolipidemic agents, on the lipid profile in
dyslipidemic patients. 
Patients and Methods: Fifty seven patients with dyslipidaemia of various etiologies are involved in this clinical trial. They are randomized into three groups treated with
either 400mg / day silymarin (gr. A) or 20 mg / day lovastatin (gr. B) or a combination of 200 mg/day si

Background: Insulin produced by pancreatic β cells ceases in people with type1 diabetes mellitus, an endocrine disease caused by autoimmune damage. It can cause weight loss. Energy balance controls the secretion of ghrelin, a peptide hormone made by entering endocrine cells found in the oxyntic glands of the stomach fundus. 

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum ghrelin and body mass index in newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The study involved 120 pediatric participants aged 2-14 years conducted from February to May 2024. They were divided into four groups: group 1 contains 40 lean patients with type 1 d

Background: Birth defects are the leading cause of both neonatal and post-neonatal deaths, as an estimated 240,000 neonates die in their first month of life worldwide each year. In Iraq, local studies have shown varying frequencies and types of congenital anomalies.

Objectives: To provide a new insight into the incidence and types of congenital anomalies and to explore their possible risk factors in Baghdad City.
Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 2007 neonates were enrolled from six hospitals in Baghdad during the period extending between September and December 2020. Hospital records and personal interviews were used for data collection. These d

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm typically presents in young children, younger than 5 years, as a pulmonary and/or pleural-based tumor. We reported a case of type-II pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in an 8 month old infant who presented to Al-Khansa'a Maternity Hospital in Western Mosul with a history of repeated attacks of shortness of breath and signs of pulmonary infection unresponsive to treatment. A bronchoscopic examination showed a mass involved and obstructed the orifice of the main bronchial tree of the right upper lung lobe. A thoracotomy was performed; tumor involved the right upper lung lobe, the covering pleural surface and invading the mediastinal structures. Right

Background: Several factors render chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) an interesting subject for study by researchers. These include marked progress in understanding the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes and recent advances in molecular genetics techniques. Among molecular markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been widely studied.
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of CLL and its role in disease progression.
Patients, materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (45 males & 15 females) compared with 20 controls (anemic patients), all recr

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant clonal expansion of plasma cells. Previous studies had demonstrated that both bone marrow angiogenesis as measured by microvessel density (MVD) and PCNA were increased in variety of malignant disorders, including multiple myeloma.
Objective: Assessment of angiogenesis in bone marrow of MM patients by using immunohistochemical stain to measure microvessel density (MVD) using factor VIII –related antigen and to evaluate the expression of PCNA antigen in plasma cells of MM bone marrow sections . Also to find the correlation between these two parameters and between them and the percentage of plasma cells infiltration in bone marrow of MM.
Patients, materia

Background: Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common cancer worldwide, it accounts for 6.5% of all cancers, with highest incidence in industrialized countries .It represents the fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth in women. Bladder carcinoma depends in its pathogenesis on a combination of genetic and environmental factors, these factors produce phenotypic changes that allow normal transitional cells to become cancerous and finally acquire the “malignant phenotype".  Many attempts had been tried to explore the role of some genetic abnormalities encountered in bladder carcinoma. It has indicated that many genetic abnormalities may underline the pathogenesis of cancer evolution of urinary

Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common rheumatologic syndrome with multiple manifestations and associated with many diseases, it characterized by chronic wide
spread muscular pain and tenderness. Resistin is an adipokine discovered in 2001 and considered as a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes by antagonizing and resisting the
action of insulin as it name encompass ;resistin (resist insulin) . It is secreted mainly from adipose tissue in mice and from white blood cells besides the adipose tissue in humans.
Research reviled that resistin has a role in some inflammatory diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).
Objective: The objective of this study is to measure Resistin concentration and

Background: Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgeries, and changes in intraocular pressure might occur after cataract surgery, and some postoperative medications might affect it.

Objectives: Evaluate the effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug bromfenac 0.09% ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification surgery and report any side effects of the drug.

Patient and Method: This is a prospective study done in an ophthalmic center in Iraq involving adult patients with senile or iatrogenic cataracts prepared for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and were divided into two groups:

Background typhoid fever is the commonest cause of non traumatic terminal ileal perforation in our study with a grave postoperative morbidity & mortality depending upon preoperative time delay &/or type of surgical intervention practiced. 
Objective to evaluate the frequency of non traumatic causes of terminal ileal perforation, their presentations,perforation-operation interval effect on complications, as well as different modalities of treatment and their complications.
Methods the study is a prospective study of 82 patients with perforation of terminal ileum diagnosed by explorative laparatomy in Al Kindy teaching hospital ,Baghdad, Iraq from April 2008- December 2010, all of the patien

Background: Preptin is an endocrine peptide with 34 amino acids. Conjugated with insulin, it is produced by β-cells from the pro-insulin-like growth factor 2 E-peptide. However, in addition to insulin, pancreatic hormone (Preptin) is released in response to elevated blood glucose levels. Preprint’s primary metabolic effect is to raise insulin synthesis, which is achieved through both an amplifying mechanism and a triggering route that is dependent on calcium signalling.

Objectives: To determine the Preptin in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: One hundred and twenty Iraq

الخلفية : تختلف نتائج ما بعد جراحة الإنشقاق البطن الخلقي و قروة السروة بين البلدان المختلفة وخاصة بين البلدان المتقدمة والنامية.

الأهداف :الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد النتيجة المبكرة للمرضى المولودين إنشقاق البطن الخلقي و قروة السروة.

الموضوعات والطرق: شملت هذه الدراسة التحليلية 30 مريضًا (11 مريضًا إنشقاق البطن الخلقي  و 19 مريضًا قروة السروة). تم علاج المرضى في مدينة اربيل

Background: The radiological scoring of severity and progression of lung abnormalities is of great value for clinicians to define the clinical management of COVID-19 patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to implement the Brixia scoring tool to assess the pattern of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 to help predict the severity of their clinical outcome, where the clinical outcome correlates to outpatient, inpatient and/or ICU admission.

Patients and Methods: We conducted a case series study at the Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Ajman (SKMCA), United Arab Emirates from 14 March to 30 October 2020. Patients’ medical records were reviewed and followed up f

Background: The surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus varies from wide excision and laying the wound open or excision with primary closure or excision with the use of skin graft in some special cases.
Objectives: The objectives of this study is to determine the efficacy of treating non complicated pilonidal sinus disease with minimal excision and primary closure technique, complications and recurrence rate.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in shahid ahmed ismaiel hospital in rania – As sulaimania IRAQ during the period from December 2013 to January 2016 and was carried on one hundred (100) consecutive patients with non complicated non recurrent pilonidal sinus patients who were treated with minimal exci

Background: Nigella sativa seeds have been frequently used in folk medicine for treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory disease. The aim of this
study is to show the effect of this herb on Neutrophils count as the main antiinflammatory cells.

Materials & Methods: Aqueous & oil extract ofNigella sativa seeds have been applied for treatment of 30 blood samples of apparently 
healthy individuals. Blood count has been performed after different incubation periods.
Results & Conclusions: This study revealed that treatment of blood samples with herbal extraction results in highly significant elevation of Neutrophils'
count with time passing particularly the aqueous one and

Background: Glucose -6- phosphate deosphate dehydnogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common problem in Iraqi as well as in tropical A subtropical region.
Aim of study: to study the epidemiological aspect of G6PD deftaiency among Iraqi children. Patients & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric ward/A L Kadhiymia Teaching Hospital during the season of Fava beans ingestion. Patients who were presented with acute attack of pallor were collected , history was taken and physical examination was done.
Results : Ninety seven cases were studied, males were affected more than female with a ratio of 3.85:1, the peak of age was between ( 1 - 5years ), 76 cases ,(78.36%).Previous history of neonatal jaundice was fou

Background: Hypertension occurs in some patients with primary nephritic syndrome it may be mediated by changes in vasopressin activities or intravascular volume.
Aim of study: is to find out how many patients with idiopathic nephritic syndrome hare hypertension. Subj. & Methods: The study included 50 children (29 males and 21 females) with age ranger between
1- 13 years. Sixteen patients (32%) were with initial attack of nephritic syndrome, while thirty four patients (68%) presented with relapse.
Results: Nine (18%) patients had hypertension, eight (16%) patients were relapse cases, and one (2%>) patient was with initial attack. Hypertension was found in four (8%) patients with steroid resistant neurotic syndrome, three (

هدف الدراسة: تقدير مستوى الهرمون المحفز للغدة الدرقية قبل العملية للتنبؤ بوجود السرطان في امراض الغدة الدرقية العقدية.

المرضى والطرق : جميع المرضى الذين يعانون من امراض الغدة الدرقية العقدية الذين تم قبولهم في وحدة الجراحة الأولى من مستشفى بغداد التعليمي وتقييم مستوى الهرمون المحفز للغدة الدرقية(TSH)   قبل إخضاعهم لعملية استئصال الغدة الدرقية ‘ تم ادراج

الخلفية: هناك العديد من الأمراض في الجسم بعد الشفاء من عدوى كورونا لأن هذا الفيروس يعمل على الجينات البشرية في أنواع مختلفة من الأنسجة الطرفية في جسم الإنسان. يخترق الخلايا المضيفة عبر مستقبلات الإنزيم المحول للأنجيوتنسين 2 , وقد يكون له تأثيرات على إعادة تشكيل العظام ، مما يؤدي إلى هشاشة العظام  ، والتي تتميز بانخفاض كثافة المعادن في العظام مما يؤدي إلى انخفاض قوة العظام. يتم تحرير أنزيم الفوسفاتيز

الخلفية: ليناليدوميد دواء مناعي له خصائص ملحوظة مضادة للالتهابات ومضادة للأورام. يثبط ليناليدوميد إنتاج السيتوكينات المؤيدة للالتهابات التي تم ربطها بمجموعة متنوعة من الأورام الدموية الخبيثة. يعزز ليناليدوميد الجهاز المناعي للمضيف عن طريق تنظيم تكاثر الخلايا التائية ، مما يؤدي إلى تغيرات في الالتهاب المرتبط بمسببات الصدفية.

الأهداف: كانت أهداف هذه الدراسة هي تحديد فعالية الليناليد

خلفية البحث : الورم المخاطي في القلب يمثل من أكثر أورام القلب شيوعــــا حيث تمثل 30 – 50 % من أورام القلب وهي أورام حميدة وتكثر عند النساء بين العقد الثالث والعقد السادس من العمر.

الهدف من هذه الدراسة لتقييم نسبة حدوث الجراحة في الورم المخاطي في القلب وتقييم عرض المرضى والنتائج في مستشفى ابن النفيس على مدى عشر سنوات.

المرضى والطرق: هذه د

Background: The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can be classified as traumatic and spontaneous. The frontal and temporal lobes are classic sites for traumatic ICH, which are less commonly affected by spontaneous episodes. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most accurate radiological method for demonstrating the acute lesion of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Both types are of high density, but traumatic bleeding is more frequently multifocal, in this study we are dealing with traumatic type of intracerebral hematoma. Aim of the study is to identify the accuracy and performance of CT scan in diagnosis and evaluation of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Patients and methods: 60 patients were examined, their ag

Background: The Aim Of This Study Is To Determine The Modalities Of Treatment Of GTD In Baghdad Teaching Hospital And To Assess The Efficacy Of Our Management Protocols.
Patients &Methods: Department Of Obstetrics & Gynecology- Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Retrospective Analysis Of Case Records Between January 1999 To December2000. 41 Patients' Data Were Reviewed For Age, Gravidity, Parity, Blood Group, Antecedent Pregnancy And Clinical Presentation At The Time Of Diagnosis. Monitoring Of Hcg Level Before And After Chemotherapy, Other Investigations Were Reviewed, Looking For Number, Size And Site Of Metastasis. The Patient Were Classified According To WHO Scoring System. We Evaluate The Lines )f Ma