الخلاصة

الخلفية:  تتزايد معدلات السمنة يومًا بعد يوم مما يؤثر على جميع السكان في مختلف الأعمار. أكثر أنواع السرطانات انتشارًا بين النساء في جميع أنحاء العالم هو سرطان الثدي ، مع تزايد معدلاته في الوقت الحاضر وفي المستقبل. تم اثبات وجود ارتباط جوهري بين السمنة وسرطان الثدي. ترتبط المستويات المرتفعة من الأنسولين والإنترلوكين 6 في الدم ارتباطًا جوهريًا بالسمنة والاصابة بسرطان الثدي.

الخلاصة

الخلفية: مقدمات الارتعاج هو اضطراب خاص بالحمل متعدد الأجهزة، يتميز بتطور ارتفاع ضغط الدم والبيلة البروتينية التي تنشأ بعد الأسبوع العشرين من الحمل في امرأة كانت ذات ضغط طبيعي سابقًا ويرتبط الحمل بالتكيف الفسيولوجي الذي يؤدي الى تغيير في نظام الدم ومن ضمنها معلمات الصفائح الدموية.

هدف الدراسة: دراسة لمقارنة العلاقة بين عدد الصفائح الدموية (pc) ومؤشرات الصف

الخلفية: نظرًا لارتفاع معدلات الإصابة والوفاة ، تعد سمنة المراهقين والاكتئاب من أكثر اهتمامات الصحة العامة شهرة على مستوى العالم.  هذه الدراسة تهدف إلى فهم العلاقة بين مؤشر كتلة الجسم والاكتئاب خاصة عند الفتيات العراقيات.

هدف الدراسة: فحص مستوى الاكتئاب لدى الفتيات المراهقات وتحديد العلاقة بين الاكتئاب ومؤشر كتلة الجسم لدى المراهقات العراقيات.

طرق البحث:عن طريق استبي

Background Insulin works to control blood sugar levels by sending signals to liver, muscle and fat cells to bring in sugar out of the blood. Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are only a few of the interconnected metabolic disorders that are frequently linked to these diseases.    A statistical procedure called the Homeometric Assessment Model (HOMA) is used to determine the insulin resistance and pancreatic cell activity. (HOMA - IR). Both are determined using insulin and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), but utilizing different formulas. Although investigations based on a modified version of HOMA using connective peptide concentrate (C-peptide) are shown, they are extremely scarce.<

Background: Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is becoming resistant to multiple drugs and is frequently endangering patients' lives. It is a member of the human microbiota.

Objectives: To assess the value of identifying K. oxytoca using an automated diagnostic system (VITEK-2) as compared to traditional manual methods.

Methods: From July to November 2022, 136 clinical specimens were collected from patients in Baghdad hospitals. The VITEK-2 system was used to recognize the isolated bacteria to the genus and species levels. The biochemical indole test was used as a confirmatory test at the species level.

Results:

Background: The metabolism of many trace elements, such as chromium, copper, and manganese, was reported to be altered in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This element may have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the serum levels of copper, chromium, and manganese in type 2 diabetic patients in Iraq. 

Methods: This case-control study included 100 type 2 diabetic patients, 35-60 years old, with high BMI as cases, and 100 non-diabetic subjects as controls who were healthy volunteers not suffering from type 2 diabetes (staff and students). The data was collected from October 2022 until January 2023. The cases were seen in the Diab

Background: Periodontal disease increases local and systemic inflammatory responses in pregnant women, which may lead to premature delivery.

Objectives: To detect maternal serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukine-6, interleukin-8) with preterm delivery in pregnant women suffering from gingivitis.

Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 85 pregnant women were included in the study, of whom 55 had gingivitis: 25 preterm deliveries and 30 full-term deliveries. Thirty healthy pregnant women with healthy gingiva were in the control group. They were selected from Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Gynaecology and Paediatrics, from November 202

خلفية البحث: يبرز الاعتلال العصبي باعتباره من أكثر المضاعفات المرتبطة بمرض السكري انتشارا ، حيث يؤثر على ما لا يقل عن 50٪ من الأفراد المصابين بداء السكري طوال حياتهم.  باعتباره السبب  الأكثر شيوعا للإعاقة بسبب صعوبات المشي ، وتقرحات القدم ، وفقدان الأطراف الثانية ، فإن الاعتلال العصبي المحيطي السكري  يستحق الدراسة ، وإن التشخيص المبكر لأعراضه مهم .

الاهداف : تهدف الدراسة إلى الم

الخلفية: تعتبر السمنة من أهم التحديات التي تواجه الصحة العامة وتتزايد في كل من المناطق المتقدمة والنامية من العالم. أظهرت العديد من الدراسات أن أفضل طريقة لعلاج السمنة المرضية هي جراحة السمنة التي ثبت أنها فعالة في السيطرة على الوزن. عدد قليل من الدراسات قام بالتحقيق في الحالات النفسية باعتبارها أحد مضاعفات جراحة السمنة.

الهدف من الدراسة: لتقدير مدى انتشار القلق والاكتئاب بين مرضى جرا

الخلاصة:

خلفية البحث: ان معدل انتشار مرض تصلب الاعصاب المتعدد في العراق هو 11.73 لكل 100.000 شخص وهو يسبب الإعاقة لدى عمر الشباب. يمكن لـ مقياس الاعاقة الموسع من مراقبة درجة الاعاقة لدى المرضى بينما يعمل فحص فسيولوجيا كهربائية العين كعلامة على تكوّن غمد المايلين

الاهداف :   تهدف هذه الدراسة الى استكشاف العلاقة بين مقياس الاعاقة الموسع وفحص فسيولوجيا كهربائية العين لدى مرضى

الخلفية: إلتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي هو مرض إلتهابي مجهول السبب مرتبط بالتهاب المفاصل ووجود أجسام مضادة ذاتية، معظمها أجسام مضادة للببتيد الستروليني الحلقي تُطلق عندما يفقد الجسم قدرته على التمييز بين الجزيئات الذاتية والغريبة. الأميلويد المصلي A2 هو بروتين ينتج في الطور الحاد إستجابة للظروف الإلتهابية بما في ذلك إلتهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي.

الأهداف: للتحقيق في القدرة ا

الخلاصة:

خلفية البحث: تعتبر الرعشات من أكثر مشاكل الحركة شيوعًا في الممارسة السريرية. وتعرف ب التذبذبات المتكررة واللاإرادية. يمكن أن تستغرق عملية التشخيص لمرضى الرعاش وقتًا طويلاً ومعقدة ، لأن تحديد الرعاش الأساسي وتمييزه عن الأنواع الأخرى من الرعاش يمكن أن يكون مستهلكًا للوقت ومعقدًا.

الأهداف: باستخدام التخطيط الكهربائي السطحي للعضلات ومقياس التسارع ، هدفت ه

Background: Ischemic heart diseases (I.H.D) become the most common cause of sudden death, and is also the most common reason for death of man and women over 20 years of age in the world. Many Factors Play a role in pathogenesis of I.H.D. among those could be Immune – inflammatory markers which may lead to development of this disease.The present study was conducted to obtain more clarification about the impact of some immuno – inflammatory markers (IL- 8 , IL- 4 and IFN- Ճ) on the Clinical expression of heart disease among Iraqi patients .
Patients and methods: Hundred Iraqi patient with I.H.D. (80 male and 20 female) ages ranged between 20 to 80 year were involved in this study, include 4 subgroups:

Background: genital herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy poses a major risk to the fetus and it has been associated with bad obstetric out come causing preterm labor, intrauterine growth retardation and spontaneous abortion. This study was conducted to determine if premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks of gestational age are observed with subclinical shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV).
Patients and methods: Cervical swabs were taken from 75 women with a history of preterm premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks of gestation, and 20 women with normal
obstetrical history for the presence of HSV antigen using Enzyme linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method.
Results: HSV ant

Background: Thrombocytopenia is the second most common hematological abnormality in pregnancy following anemia. However, its incidence causes and outcomes received scarce attention, particularly in developing countries like Iraq.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the incidence, causes and consequences of thrombocytopenia on both the mother and fetus.
Material and Methods: Platelet counts were performed on 600 pregnant women in their third trimester and on 200 age matched non pregnant healthy women, as well as 150 of the newborns of the former groups.
Results: The overall incidence of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy was 8.6%, with the gestational thrombocytopenia implicated in 76.9%,. Hy

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); its extragastrointestinal manifestations vary from one country to another. This study identifies the prevalence of the extragastrointestinal manifestations in a sample of Iraqi patients with ulcerative colitis and their relation to disease activity.
Patients and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 100 patients with established diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, who attended Baghdad Teaching hospital and Gastroenterology center in Baghdad during the period from May 2009 to January 2010. A direct interview and thorough clinical examination were done to determine the history of the disease, its severity and the presence or

Background: stress test (EST) is one of the main diagnostic and prognostic tests for ischemic heart disease. However, its usefulness depends on achieving target heart rate, then chronotropic incompetence and poor exercise capacity limits its utility. We evaluated the usefulness of atropine administration during the EST to decrease the number of tests with inconclusive results in these patients.
Patients &Methods: We carried out this study in Ibn AI-Bitar Teaching Hospital from September 2007 to December 2008 and comprised of 210 patients undergoing EST. In subjects experiencing fatigue when they achieved 50-75% of target heart rate (THR), or those who failed to achieve their THR, atropine was adm

Background: Prognostic histological evaluation of many cancers have recently concentrated on angiogenesis.
Materials &Methods: A total of twenty formaline-fixed, paraffin embedded blocks of renal cell carcinoma were included in this study. Sections were subjected for immunohistochemical staining of CD34. The median of the MVD of all cases of RCC were obtained to divide the cases into high- and low-MVD score groups and were correlated with the tumor stage and grade.
Results: there was a significant correlation of the high MVD score with tumor stage (P=0.02).
Conclusion: MVD may be considered as a potential prognostic marker for RCC.

Background: there are different procedures for the diagnosis of females suspected with toxoplasmosis. However, time, cost, and accuracy of the test should meet patient’s needs.
Material and methods: one hundred and eleven female with suspected toxoplasmosis were under go three different procedures for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Latex agglutination test, rapid chromatographic (immunoblot) and ELISA test were done for all patients. The results were described as frequency and percentage of positivity; also, specificity and sensitivity of immunoblot were assessed according to the result of other tests.
Results: The Latex test has shown 80% and 61.54% sensitivity and specificity respectively

Background: Urine cytology has an acceptable sensitivity, & specificity that justifies its use in the current diagnostic protocol. In Iraq transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) constitute about 62.1 % of bladder cancer (which ranks the third according to the results of Iraqi Cancer Registry 1995-1997). Urine cytology used in the primary diagnosis, follow up, and in the screening programs of asymptomatic but high-risk patients.
Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 93 patients, diagnosed or clinically suspected to have TCC of the urinary bladder attending to the Urological department in ALKadhimiya Teaching Hospital, AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, and Baghdad Medical City. During the p

Background: Reflux laryngitis has gain a lot of attention in the last three decades as a possible explanation of idiopathic laryngeal problems.Acid suppressive therapy can
be of use in both the therapeutic and the diagnostic fields.The use of Omeprazole has proved to be of benefit in the diagnosis and treatment of reflux laryngitis.The
response to 12weeks course of Omeprazole is considered by many authors to be one of the diagnostic tooles of reflux laryngitis.
Aim: Is to study the effect of Omeprazole in the treatment of laryngeal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study of 37 patients attending Alkadhimiyah teaching hospital,department of otolalyn

Background: Bronchiolitis is the first episode of wheezing associated with low grade fever, rhinitis, tachypnea, and increasing respiratory effort in a previously healthy
infant during the winter months, and it is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infancy.
Objectives: This study is designed to analyze the clinical signs and symptoms alone or as combinations as possible predictors of severe hypoxemia in infants with
bronchiolitis.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study, which was carried out on 96 infants with a mean age of 7.74 ±3.72 months who were admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Medical City-Baghdad with bronchiolitis during the period from 1st O

Back ground: The study was conducted on fifty patients (27 males and 20 females) with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD), at
artificial Kidney unit, Al- Hakeem Hospital / Najaf, during the perioed from April to June 2008.
Patients & methods: Plasma osmolarity ( Posm), plasma creatinine (P cr ) plasma urea (P urea)>plasma sodium (P Na)and plasma potassium ( P k )were measured for
all patients before and after dialysis.
Results: The paired t -test was used to compare the pre-dialysis values with the post dialysis values and simple linear correlation to study the relation between (P
Na), and ( Posm), p values less than 0.05 considered not significant. The result of&

خلفية الموضوع: التهاب الغضروف بعد عملية رفع الانزلاق الغضروفي القطني يحدث     بنسبة 4% وانها واحده من اكثر المضاعفات بعد التدخل الجراحي المؤثر وظيفيا على المريض.

الغاية من الدراسة: هو تقييم مفعول زرق الجنتاميسين في مكان الغضروف بعد رفعه من عملية رفع الانزلاق الغضروفي القطني من منع حدوث التهاب الغضروف بعد العملية.

طرق معالجة المو

الخلفية: منذ ادخال مثبطات عامل نخر العظم-ألفا بما فيها الايتانرسيبت, تمت دراسة فعاليتها وسلامتها في علاج التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي في العديد من التجارب العشوائية السريرية المسيطر عليها. ومع ذلك فان البيانات المتعلقة بتنبؤ الاستجابة السريرية لهذه العقارات ماتزال متناثرة. 

الهدف: لتقييم منبئات الاستجابة لعقار الايتانرسيبت في علاج المرضى العراقيين المصاب

Summary:
Background: The acute lymphocytic leukemias (All) make up about 76% of children leukemias . lymphoid leukemias occur more often than expected in patients with immunodeficiency , chromosomal abnormalities & ataxia telangiectasia . A number of chnges occur in preneoplastic & neoplastic cells as the progress towards a greater degree of malignancy . Nuclear DNA may be used as an aid in diagnosis , to predict prognosis & to determent of certain neoplasia.
Aim of the work: is to purify DNA from whole blood of predict & normal children & to characterize it by spectral studies.
Patients & Methods: Fifteen EDTA-treated blood samples of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the same number f

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. Many etiological agents are proposed to play a role in its pathogenecity. One of these factors is cytokines such as Interleukin6.
Material & Methods: ELISA method has been used for IL-6 estimation in 75 RA patients in comparison with 61 SLE as patient controls and 39 apparently healthy controls.
Results: This study showed that there was an elevation of IL-6 in the sera of RA patients with high significant differences between RA patients and controls (P< 0.001). Moreover a good correlation between IL-6 level & RF titer were observed. However, for most patients with high IL-6 were shown to be HLA-DR4.
Conclusions: Interleukin-6 play

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely distributed mycotoxin in nature. Several investigations have shown its biological effects on different organs and in different animal species. However, the effects of AFB1 on the rat kidney have not been much elucidated histologically.
Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the effects of AFB1 contaminated diet on the rat kidney from
the histological and morphometric aspects.
Method: Twelve mature albino rats were divided equally into a control group fed with usual diet and a treated group which was daily fed with diet contaminated with 20 mg AFB1/kg of body weight for 30 days. Semithin sections from renal cortex were stained with methylene blue and examined by l

Background: Autoantibodies are frequently found in patients with chronic hepatitis C, which suggests that HCV elicit an immune response in the host. ). The relationship of type-2 AIH to
chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is an interesting and as yet unresolved problem. Importantly, antibodies to liver/kidney microsome type-1 (LKM1), the serologic marker of type 2-AIH, have been recognized in serum of some patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Methods: Anti-liver kidney microsome type 1 (LKM-1) autoantibodies were studied by indirect immuno florescence assay (IIF) and confirmed by immunoblot in the serum of 73 Iraqi patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in comparison with 50 patients control (HCV infection) and 50&nb

Background: Men with azoospermia require testicular and epididymal sperm aspiration for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Women over 37 years of age demonstrate
an increase number of immature oocytes after induction of ovulation. The development of a technique for in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of
the oocytes using testicular, epididymal and vassal sperm (TS, ES, VS, respectively) will be of therapeutic value for the treatment of azoospermic patients.
Objectives: The goal of the study was to develop an animal model for the treatment of infertile couples with obstructive azoospermia and immature oocytes.
Materials and Methods: Canine ovaries and testes were collected from a local animal&n