Recently, several concepts and expressions have emerged that have often preoccupied the world . around the concept of environment and sustainability. This is due to the negative and irresponsible impact of man and his innovations in various industrial and technological fieldsthat have damaged the natural environment. Architecture and cities at the broader level are some of the man made components that caused these negative impacts and in the same time affected by them. What distinguishes architectural and urban projects is the consumption of large . quantities of natural resources and production larger amounts of waste and pollution, along the life of these projects. At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-fir

Fuzzy logic is used to solve the load flow and contingency analysis problems, so decreasing computing time and its the best selection instead of the traditional methods. The proposed  method is very accurate with outstanding computation time, which made the fuzzy load flow (FLF) suitable for real time application for small- as well as large-scale power systems. In addition that, the FLF efficiently able to solve load flow problem of ill-conditioned power systems and contingency analysis. The FLF method using Gaussian membership function requires less number of iterations and less computing time than that required in the FLF method using triangular membership function. Using sparsity technique for the input Ybus sparse matrix data gi

Partial shading is one of the problems that affects the power production and the efficiency of photovoltaic module. A series of experimental work have been done of partial shading of   monocrystalline PV module; 50W, I_sc: 3.1A, V_oc: 22V with 36 cells in series is achieved. Non-linear power output responses of the module are observed by applying various cases of partial shading (vertical and horizontal shading of solar cells in the module). Shading a single cell (corner cell) has the greatest impact on output energy. Horizontal shading or vertical shading reduced the power from 41W to 18W at constant solar radiation 1000W/m² and steady state condition. Vertical blocking a column

The pretreatment process can be considered one of the important processes in wastewater treatment, especially coagulation process to decrease the strength of many pollutants. This paper focused on using powdered date seeds as natural coagulant in addition to chemical coagulants (alum and ferric chloride) to find the optimum dosage of each coagulant that makes efficient removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from domestic wastewater as a pretreatment process, then finding the optimum combined dosages of date seeds with alum, date seeds with ferric chloride that make efficient removal for both pollutants. Concerning turbidity, the optimum dosage for date seeds, alum and ferric chloride were 40 mg/l (79%), 70

This research studies the effect of adding five different percentages of polymer (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of cement weight) on cement mortar's fresh and hardened properties, which was cured at laboratory temperature for 7, 14, and 28 days. Workability increases with increasing polymer. The workability value was lowest (25.6 and 29.4) % in mixtures containing 2% and 4% of (SBR). Increasing polymer ratios significantly decreased mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength). Therefore, the best results were at 2% SBR and 4% SBR at 28 days of age. An inverse relationship was recorded between the increase in SBR ratios and polymer-modified cement mortar's compressive and flexural strength values. In general, the high

The main aim of this research paper is investigating the effectiveness and validity of Meso-Scale Approach (MSA) as a modern technique for the modeling of plain concrete beams. Simply supported plain concrete beam was subjected to two-point loading to detect the response in flexural. Experimentally, a concrete mix was designed and prepared to produce three similar standard concrete prisms for flexural testing. The coarse aggregate used in this mix was crushed aggregate. Numerical Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted on the same concrete beam using the meso-scale modeling. The numerical model was constructed to be a bi-phasic material consisting of cement mortar and coarse aggregate. The interface between the two c

This study deals with free convection heat transfer for the outer surface of two
cylinders of the shape of (Triangular & Rectangular fined cylinders with 8-fins),
putted into two different spaces; small one with dimension of (Length=1.2m,
height=1m, width=0.9m) and large one with dimension of (Length=3.6m, height =3m,
width=2.7m). The experimental work was conducted with air as a heat transport
medium. These cylinders were fixed at different slope angles (0o, 30o, 60o and 90o)
.The heat fluxes were (279, 1012, 1958, 3005, 4419) W/m2, where heat transferred by
convection and radiation. In large space, the results show that the heat transfer from
the triangular finned cylinder is maximum at a slope angle equals

The laser micro-cutting process is the most widely commonly applied machining process which can be applied to practically all metallic and non-metallic materials. While this had challenges in cutting quality criteria such as geometrical precision, surface quality and numerous others. This article investigates the laser micro-cutting of PEEK composite material using nano-fiber laser, due to their significant importunity and efficiency of laser in various manufacturing processes. Design of experiential tool based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Central Composite Design (CCD) used to generate the statistical model. This method was employed to analysis the influence of parameters including laser speed,

The study focuses on the causes of minaret tilting as well as possible solutions. The major aims of this study are to improve knowledge of historical tall structure stability and rehabilitation operations using the finite element approach to model the soil and minaret (PLAXIS 3D 2020), a platform for computational soil investigation and modeling. The numerical analysis aims to identify stresses, settlement, and deformation of the soil and minaret in various scenarios like Earthquakes, explosions, and winds. The simulation of the problem by the PLAXIS 3D revealed that the greatest lateral displacement computed at the Top Minaret is 5.5 cm, and the greatest vertical movement is calculated to be 3 cm. Seismic settlement is the effect of ear

A Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique which is used with Laser to treat many of cancer
tissues. This paper deals with the relatively new therapeutic technique (PDT) with pulsed Nd:glass Laser
which was applied to human soft tissues (Ovary and Kidney tissues), and to the hard tissues (freshly
extracted human teeth), with power density of 280 watt/mm2 and exposure time 330 usec. Different
dyes (Blue, methylene, eosin, and orange) were applied to the area before irradiation to study the effect
of the pigments on the laser interaction with biological tissues. The zone of treatment (Z-necrosis) with
aid of MATLAB was determined. The relationship of zone of treatment with exposure time,
accumulated damage and fracti

لا يخفى دور التكنولوجيا في تصميم محطات المطارات الحديثة والمعاصرة منها، فقد شهد النصف الثاني للقرن العشرين عددا
غير قليل من المطارات تمثل فيها التكنولوجيا استعارة مجازية لثقافة العصر تؤثر على آلية التفكير والتصميم والانتاج معا. يهدف
البحث الى تحديد وتمييز هذه التوجهات وطبيعة تطبيقاتها في محطات المطارات المعاصرة .
حيث لم يعد تصميم محطات المطارات_ والتي تعد احدى اهم انواع الابنية المتخصصة_ يعتمد على اف

In this paper an atmometer apparatus were used in the greenhouses for estimating reference evapotranspiration values. Experimental work was conducted in the agriculture research center in the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad west of the city of Baghdad. One atmometer was used in eggplant greenhouse and in cucumber greenhouse through the winter growing season 2013-2014. FAO Penman-Monteith equation was applied outside the greenhouse and used only 65% from the value of ET_o in the greenhouses for estimating the reference evapotranspiration in the greenhouse. Moreover, Penman-Monteith equation was applied in greenhouses for the evaluating the performance of the atmometer. The results show that the erro

Reducing global warming potential (GWP) of refrigerants is needed to the decrease of ozone-depleting of refrigeration systems leakages. Refrigerant R1234yf is now used to substitute R134a inside mobile air conditioning systems. Thermodynamic properties of R1234yf are similar to R134a. Also, it has a very low GWP of 4, compared to 1430 for R134a, making it a proper choice for future automobile refrigerants. The purpose of this research is to represent the main operating and performance differences between R1234yf and R134a. Experimental analysis was carried out on the automotive air conditioning system (AACS) with 3 kW nominal capacity, to test and compare the performance of R134a with R1234yf. Experiments were accomplish

Numerical and experimental investigation of blood flow through stenotic and tapered arteries under pulsation condition are studied. Blood is considered as non-Newtonian fluid. Artery is considered as a rigid wall tapered vessel with different tapering angles (0.5o
, 1o ,1.5o ), as well as, straight vessel for comparison. The governing equations have been written in stream- vorticity method
and are transformed into generalized coordinate system. The time marching has been employed to solve the resulting partial differential equations. The experimental work carried out to examine pressure in vessel and pressure drop across the stenosis under pulsation condition. Differential pressure transducer coupled to the data acquision card

It is possible to infer some facts by capturing them directly or trying to trace their evolutions and changes mentally. This will guarantee human beings a sort of self-confidence, control and power. Some sustained patterns of natural, biological and human artifacts provide trusty physical and objective proofs on their success and service. The research claims that the secret beyond the success of these patterns lies in ambiguous or hidden or invisible orders within the seeming randomness and complexity. Successful systems reflect
distinguishable order when they reach a critical threshold of stability and self-organizing between their trends to connect and to compact. Then, patterns can reveal themselves and express their similar str

The Algae is considered as one of the major causes of some serious problems that occur in
water plants, rivers, lakes and irrigation channels. Those problems are the unpleasant taste and odor, the clogging of waterways, and others. Hence, the algae existing extensively in any water body is considered as an obvious indication of surface water pollution. Chemical control methods were used in this research for reducing the turbidity and Algae in the laboratory using the (Jar Test). This was done by using chemical materials like Alum with concentration (10 - 50 mg/l). The percentage of the reduction in the algae was (95%) and in turbidity (94%). It is shown also that when using KMnO4, CuSO4 and Cl, each separately after adding the idea

In adjustment of geodetic and photogrammetric networks, the surveying engineer faces many
problems, such as errors of blunder nature in the observations (when comparing the homogeny of
precision) make these observations odd from the result, and effecting directly on observation values after
adjustment, and the statistical results after analysis as, adjusted coordinates of points, standard deviations,
and ellipse of errors.
The research is deal with some of the most common usage of statistical methods to detect these
odds observations to confirm which best method is, by studying the advantages and disadvantages of each
method to geodetic network.
Three statistical methods will use in the analysis, these are:-

In this work , an effective procedure of Box-Behnken based-ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and GA (Genetic Algorithm) has been utilized for finding the optimum conditions of wt.% of doping elements (Ce,Y, and Ge) doped-aluminizing-chromizing of Incoloy 800H . ANN and Box-Behnken design method have been implanted for minimizing hot corrosion rate k_p (10^-12g².cm^-4.s^-1) in Incoloy 800H at 900^oC . ANN was used for estimating the predicted values of hot corrosion rate k_p (10^-12g².cm^-4.s^-1) . The optimal wt.% of doping elements combination to obtain minimum hot corrosion rate was calculated using genetic alg

This paper proposes a novel method for generating True Random Numbers (TRNs) using electromechanical switches. The proposed generator is implemented using an FPGA board. The system utilizes the phenomenon of electromechanical switch bounce to produce a randomly fluctuated signal that is used to trigger a counter to generate a binary random number. Compared to other true random number generation methods, the proposed approach features a high degree of randomness using a simple circuit that can be easily built using off-the-shelf components. The proposed system is implemented using a commercial relay circuit connected to an FPGA board that is used to process and record the generated random sequences. Applying statistical testing on the exp

Digital image manipulation has become increasingly prevalent due to the widespread availability of sophisticated image editing tools. In copy-move forgery, a portion of an image is copied and pasted into another area within the same image. The proposed methodology begins with extracting the image's Local Binary Pattern (LBP) algorithm features. Two main statistical functions, Stander Deviation (STD) and Angler Second Moment (ASM), are computed for each LBP feature, capturing additional statistical information about the local textures. Next, a multi-level LBP feature selection is applied to select the most relevant features. This process involves performing LBP computation at multiple scales or levels, capturing textures

Reservoir pressure plays a significant role in all reservoir and production engineering studies. It is crucial to characterize petroleum reservoirs: by detecting fluid movement, computing oil in place, and calculating the recovery factor. Knowledge of reservoir pressure is essential for predicting future production rates, optimizing well performance, or planning enhanced oil recovery strategies. However, applying the methods to investigate reservoir pressure performance is challenging because reservoirs are large, complex systems with irregular geometries in subsurface formations with numerous uncertainties and limited information about the reservoir's structure and behavior. Furthermore, many computational techniques, both numerical and

This paper investigates the influence of date-palm fibers on the compaction and strength properties of fine soil. The laboratory tests, including specific gravity, compaction tests, and unconfined compression strength tests, were conducted, integrating different proportions (ranging from 0 to 2%) of date-palm fibers into the soil mixture. The palm fibers were divided into two distinct lengths (30 mm and 60 mm) to be mixed with the soil. Nine samples were prepared with varying proportions of date-palm fibers for the experimental investigation, aiming to specifically examine the influences exerted by both palm-fiber length and palm-fiber content on the soil's compaction and strength characteristics when mixed with date-palm fibers. The com

In this paper, a cognitive system based on a nonlinear neural controller and intelligent algorithm that will guide an autonomous mobile robot during continuous path-tracking and navigate over solid obstacles with avoidance was proposed. The goal of the proposed structure is to plan and track the reference path equation for the autonomous mobile robot in the mining environment to avoid the obstacles and reach to the target position by using intelligent optimization algorithms. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithms are used to finding the solutions of the mobile robot navigation problems in the mine by searching the optimal paths and finding the reference path equation of the optimal

The spatial arrangement in the urban area in which cities exist is very important because it directly influences how active or otherwise such an environment can be. This study explores how Baghdad’s downtown area incorporates this spatial arrangement into land use patterns to support vitality. Particularly attention is given to AlShorja and Bab AlSharqi (two districts within Downtown Baghdad). The analysis of Space Syntax techniques and methods combined with GIS demonstrates that AlShorja does not only enjoy connectivity but also walking-oriented spaces while Bab AlSharqi has the opposite features with heavily structured road networks dedicated to vehicles. The compact, irregular streets in AlShorja support intense ped

Housing planning is one of the most important subjects in the housing sector studies. It
is wide and has many branches . .
Housing planning according to the cost and social benefit is the solution to prevent the
escalating rise in Housing shortage .
This fact is combined with which is estimated at more than three million housing unit .
And big a reduction in housing construction rate , which lead to increase the housing problem
in the country. This matter needs a clear policy from the authorities to accelerate the planning
process and to adopt that strategy to solve the housing problem in Iraq.
This strategy should adopt the principal of constructing low – cost housing complexes
through the

In this paper, an Anti-Disturbance Compensator is suggested for the stabilization of a 6-DoF quadrotor Unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) system, namely, the Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (IADRC). The proposed Control Scheme rejects the disturbances subjected to this system and eliminates the effect of the uncertainties that the quadrotor system exhibits. The complete nonlinear mathematical model of the 6-DoF quadrotor UAV system has been used to design the four ADRCs units for the attitude and altitude stabilization. Stability analysis has been demonstrated for the Linear Extended State Observer (LESO) of each IADRC unit and the overall closed-loop system using Hurwitz stability criterion. A minimization to a

There are two man methods of design the digital adder circuits, First is the serial adder that implement using fill adders, this method has a lost and a low a low speed Second is the last parallel adder or the so-called fast kookabend adder that has twice speed of the serial adder and very high cost Xilinx FPGA

modern IC used to implement high-speed digital circuits The opuntzation of speed and cost in design is achievel ming Xidens FPGA, which requires several rules that differ from that of optimization of Boolean algehea This paper shows the principle of the Xilins FPGA sechitecture as well the set of conditions of eptimal design, and proposes a new method of implementing a fast sidder with very low cost wing Xinx FPGA A 16-bit

One of the most important problems that faces the concrete industry in Iraq is the deterioration due to internal sulfate attack , since it  reduces the compressive strength and increases the expansion of concrete. Consequently, the concrete structure may be damage .The effects of total and total effective sulfate contents on high strength concrete (HSC) have been studied in the present study.

The research studied the effect of sulfate content in cement , sand and gravel , as well as comparing  the total sulfate content with the total effective SO₃ content. Materials used were divided into two groups of SO₃ in cement ,three groups of SO₃ in sand ,and two groups of SO

In this research, a procedure to solve problems of unsteady flow to wells in confined aquifers by the computer is developed. The solution is based on the [THEIS:1935] procedure to solve such problems. The developed procedure is applied to (14) different sets of well – test data, including a predicted ideal one. The respective problems are solved completely by the computer without the need to construct or to refer to tables or nomographs; this, accordingly, deletes the role of personal judgment and the need to a high skill.
The applications indicate that the developed solution procedure is simple, easy to use, elaborate, superiorly fast in giving the required results, and comparatively accurate. Despite that the developed solution pr

An agricultural waste (walnut shell) was undertaken to remove Cu(II) from aqueous solutions in batch and continuous fluidized bed processes. Walnut shell was found to be effective in batch reaching 75.55% at 20 and 200 rpm, when pH of the solution adjusted to 7. The equilibrium was achieved after 6 h of contacting time. The maximum uptake was 11.94mg/g. The isotherm models indicated that the highest determination coefficient belongs to Langmuir model. Cu (II) uptake process in kinetic rate model followed the pseudo-second-order with determination coefficient of 0.9972. More than 95% of the Cu(II) were adsorbed on the walnut shells within 6 h at optimum agitation speed of 800 rpm. The main functional groups responsible for biosorption of