The analysis of the root cause techniques is a reasonable option to be made to assess the root causes of the funding of construction projects. There are a variety of issues related to financing in construction industries in Iraq. The root,cause analysis is the impact of security and social conditions on financial funding. Variety tools of root cause analysis have originated from literature, as common methods for the detection of root causes. The purpose of this study was to identify and diagnose causes that lead to obstruction of financial funding in the construction projects in the republic of Iraq from the contractors' point of view and their interaction with a number of variables. The study diagnosed nine causes of fi

In this paper, precision agriculture system is introduced based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Soil moisture considered one of environment factors that effect on crop. The period of irrigation must be monitored. Neural network capable of learning the behavior of the agricultural soil in absence of mathematical model. This paper introduced modified type of neural network that is known as Spiking Neural Network (SNN). In this work, the precision agriculture system  is modeled, contains two SNNs which have been identified off-line based on logged data, one of these SNNs represents the monitor that located at sink where the period of irrigation is calculated and the other represents the soil. In addition, to reduce p

With the escalation of environmental challenges and financial constraints worldwide, and the development of the construction industry that has a wide impact on environmental and economic aspects, sustainable design has become increasingly important, especially in developing countries like Iraq. The construction industry has witnessed significant technological advancements in digital tools that enhance sustainability and maintain performance at all stages of project design, management, implementation, and operation. One of the most prominent of these technologies is Building Information Modeling (BIM). This research paper examines the direct role of BIM in enhancing environmental and economic sustainability in administrat

Clustering high-dimensional data remains challenging because traditional k-means is sensitive to noise, outliers, and high dimensionality, often leading to unstable performance. The research presents a robust clustering system which combines the Fully Corrective Frank-Wolfe (FCFW) algorithm with k-means objective that uses Frobenius norm regularization. The addition of Frobenius norm regularization in the model produces more stable clusters while preventing overfitting and promoting cluster compactness. The proposed method uses probabilistic cluster assignments to enable each data point to join multiple clusters at different membership levels, thus supporting clusters with overlapping boundaries. The Kr

Taziz Al-Taziz irrigation pumping station, within Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq, was studied, aiming at investigating the performance of its stilling basin in reducing the energy of the water out of the discharge pipes outlet. The study relied on the results of the physical model of the basic design of the stilling basin and the use of ANSYS Fluent 21.0 software to simulate both the basic design and the as-built stilling basin.  The physical model was constructed and studied by the Center for Studies and Engineering Designs of the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources.  Simulations showed the variation in velocity within the basic design of Taziz Al-Taziz pumping station to be 3.98 m/s to 0.209 m/s in the basin, with an av

When multitudes of people need to be evacuated from their homes for various reasons, including natural catastrophes and armed conflicts, time and money are of the essence. Therefore, emergency relief tents are considered the most effective option for this situation. However, the indoor environment of these tent types might be thermally uncomfortable, particularly on hot or extremely cold days. Different techniques were used to overcome this problem including evaporative cooling systems. The present study aims to use a numerical approach to assess the impact of utilizing a two-stage indirect/direct evaporative cooling system on enhancing the interior thermal comfort conditions of the relief tent. The numerical part was do

This study investigates the implementation of Taguchi design in the estimation of minimum corrosion rate of mild-steel in cooling tower that uses saline solution of different concentration. The experiments were set on the basis of Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array. The runs were carried out under different condition such as inlet concentration of saline solution, temperature, and flowrate. The Signal-to- Noise ratio and ANOVA analysis were used to define the impact of cooling tower working conditions on the corrosion rate. A regression had been modelled and optimized to identify the optimum level for the working parameters that had been founded to be 13%NaCl, 35ᴼC, and 1 l/min. Also a confirmation run to establish the p

Al-Huweizah Marsh is considered as the largest in Iraq. This research aims to maintain thesustainability of Al-Huweizah Marsh under all circumstances and within the limits of the
available natural resources from the Iraqi side and the absence of feeding from the Iranian sidedue to the recent Iranian separation dike along the international boundaries within the marsh.
Twelve scenarios have been suggested as a first step to restore the whole marsh. But the
uncontrolled Iranian feeders and exiguity of their discharges recently, it was necessary to studyonly the northern part of the marsh as an alternative case to ensure reasonable amounts of waterfor the purpose of maintaining and restore the marsh. Hydrological routing model was

Different frequency distributions models were fitted to the monthly data of raw water Turbidity at water treatment plants (WTPs) along Tigris River in Baghdad. Eight water treatment plants in Baghdad were selected, with raw water turbidity data for the period (2008-2014). The frequency distribution models used in this study are the Normal, Log-normal, Weibull, Exponential and two parameters Gamma type. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit.  The data for years (2008-2011) were used for building the models. The best fitted distributions were Log-Normal (LN) for Al-Karkh, Al-Wathbah, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Dawrah and, Al-Rashid WTPs. Gamma distribution fitted well for East Tigris and Al-Karamah

In this paper, the effects of subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) on crop coefficient (k_c) and crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) of eggplant were investigated in sandy loam soil. For this purpose, two treatments plot (with SWRT and without using SWRT) were adopted during 93 days of cultivation. The study was conducted in open field within Al-Fahamah Township, Baghdad, Iraq during summer growing season 2017. The accumulated ET_c of eggplant was 403.3 and 515.2 mm for SWRT treatment and control plot, respectively by reduction percentage 21.7 %. The average values of ET_c during the growing season were 4.3 and 5.5 mm/day, respectively. The crop coefficients value during the gro

The concept of capacity and level of service are the control points of the analysis of intersections and must be fully considered to evaluate the overall operation of the intersections. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, evaluation and improvement of the operation for AL-Motanabi square in Kut city and to present a best proposal to enhance the performance from the capacity point of view. To achieve these objectives, the estimated distribution of the traffic data in different direction that required for the traffic and geometrical analysis were gathered manually, while SIDRA traffic program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process. It has been concluded that, two layer flyover is the best proposal to

An experimental study to improve sand dunes to gain economic construction of highway using these locally available materials. The study was divided into two approaches; the first was by using different bituminous binder proportions from (2) to (10) percent, while the second was to use fine metals as reinforcement. The results show an increase in the degree of improvement as reinforcement layers and silt contents were increased. Also it was found that 8% 0f asphalt cement increase the stabilization of sand dunes.

In this study, the feasibility of Forward–Reverse osmosis processes was investigated for treating the oily wastewater. The first stage was applied forward osmosis process to recover pure water from oily wastewater. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) salts were used as draw solutions and the membrane that was used in forward osmosis (FO) process was cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane. The operating parameters studied were: draw solution concentrations (0.25 – 0.75 M), oil concentration in feed solution (FS) (100-1000 ppm), the temperature of FS and draw solution (DS) (30 - 45 °C), pH of FS (4-10) and the flow rate of both DS and FS (20 - 60 l/h). It was found that the water flux and oil concentration in FS increas

In this paper, a single-phase boost type ac-dc converter with power factor correction (PFC) technique is designed and implemented. A current mode control at a constant switching frequency is used as a control strategy for PFC converter. The PFC converter is a single-stage singleswitch boost converter that uses a current shaping technique to reshape the non-sinusoidal input current drawn by the bulky capacitor in the conventional rectifier. This technique should provide an input current with almost free-harmonics, comply with the IEC61000-3-2 limits, and a system operates with near unity power factor. The other function of the boost converter that should be
accomplished is to provide a regulated DC output voltage. The complete designed

The biosorption of lead (II) and chromium (III) onto dead anaerobic biomass (DAB) in single and binary systems has been studied using fixed bed adsorber. A general rate multi- component model (GRM) has been utilized to predict the fixed bed breakthrough curves for single and dual- component system. This model considers both external and internal mass transfer resistances as well as axial dispersion with non-liner multi-component isotherm (Langmuir model). The effects of important parameters, such as flow rate, initial concentration and bed height on the behavior of breakthrough curves have been studied. The equilibrium isotherm model parameters such as maximum uptake capacities for lead (II) and chromium (III) were found to be 35.12 and

The major objectives of this research are to analyze the behavior of road embankments
reinforced with geotextiles constructed on soft soil and describe the finite element analysis by using
ANSYS program ver. (5.4). The ANSYS finite element program helps in analyzing the stability of
geo- structure (embankment) in varied application of geotextiles reinforcement to enhance the best
design for embankment.
The results of analysis indicate that one of the primary function of geotextiles reinforcement was to
reduce the horizontal displacement significantly. With the inclusions of reinforcement, the horizontal
displacement reduced by about (81%), while the vertical displacement reduced by (32%). The effect
of geotextiles

The present work is to investigate the feasibility of removal vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) from Iraqi heavy gas oil using activated bentonite. Different operating parameters such as the degree of bentonite activation, activated bentonite loading, and operating time was investigated on the effect of heavy metal removal efficiency. Experimental results of adsorption test show that Langmuir isotherm predicts well the experimental data and the maximum bentonite uptake of vanadium was 30 mg/g. The bentonite activated with 50 wt% H₂SO₄ shows a (75%) removal for both Ni and V. Results indicated that within approximately 5 hrs, the vanadium removal efficiencies were 33, 45, and 60% at vanadium loadings of 1

 Total quality management is not a new concept. However, it is widely accepted as the fundamental business issue of the 1990s. Companies have started to realize the potential of TQM as

تستكشف هذه الدراسة تطور البُنى التحتية للشوارع في بغداد، بدءا من التكوينات العضوية القديمة وصولاً إلى التوسع العاصمي (المتروبولي) الحديث، وتتناول فجوة مهمة في الدراسات الحضرية التي تختص بتحليل المورفولوجيا الخاصة بأنماط الشوارع في مدينة شرق أوسطية انموذجية. يستخدم هذا البحث منهجية عملية تشمل عدة مراحل متضمنة: جمع البيانات، والرقمنة، وعمليات التعريف وذلك لإستكشاف وفك ترميز البُنى التحتية المورفولوجية لش

 This rvork was conduuted to study the removal of ionic irnpurities from industrial wastewater, and more particularly those in the cotton textile industry. The wastewater considered here, contains both cation and anion impurities. The method used

 Architectural environment engineering and part of it is the interior design plays a great role in achieving trie recovery through the hospital building. The interior design in hospitals

The aerodynamic characteristics of general three-dimensional rectangular wings are considered using non-linear interaction between two-dimensional viscous-inviscid panel method and vortex ring method. The potential flow of a two-dimensional airfoil by the pioneering Hess & Smith method was used with viscous laminar, transition and turbulent boundary layer to solve flow about complex configuration of airfoils including stalling effect. Viterna method was used to extend the aerodynamic characteristics of the specified airfoil to high angles of attacks. A modified vortex ring method was used to find the circulation values along span wise direction of the wing and then interacted with sectional circulation obtained by Kutta-Joukowsky the

Heat transfer rates of a single horizontal finned tube immersed in water –filled enclosure tilted at
30 degrees are measured .The results serve as a baseline case for a solar water heating system with a heat exchanger immersed in integral collector storage. Tests were made with both adiabatic and uniform heat flux boundary conditions. Natural convection flow in enclosure is interpreted from measured water temperature distributions. Formation of an appropriate temperature difference that drives natural convection is determined .Correlations for the overall heat transfer coefficient in terms of the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers are reduced to the form Nu=0.716 Ra ^0.247 Based on the diameter of the immersed tube .Comparis

A thermal layout modeling and optimization routine for a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) has been made
in the present work. The thermal model includes the modeling of electronic components based on thermal
resistances and the PCB as a flat plate with multiple heat sources. Isothermal and Isoflux natural
convection heat transfer for horizontal and vertical PCB thermal modeling. The numerical solution
method for the 2-dimensional thermal model is the superposition method for the adiabatic PCB edges. The
optimization meshing model was constructed based on the Complex Method. The numerical Complex
Method has been improved to a new optimization method named as "Dual Complex Method", which
minimize the objective function to gi

This paper presents the development of a flexible, modular, and cost-effective PC-Based CNC machine controller. Software is designed and developed to perform most of the standard CNC machines control functions. This software is capable of accepting and inteqpreting the standard CNC (G-Code) programs. [t also performs the most important CNC machine controller functions; namely, interpolation and feed rate control. The software has been developed using the Visual C++ programming language operating under WINDOWS environment. It has high flexibility and expandability that makes the task of future development easier. System perfonnance has been evaluated by applying the developed software to control an X-Y recorder,simulating a CNC machine.

In this research the behavior of reinforced concrete columns with large side openings under impact loads was studied. The overall cross sectional dimensions of the column specimens used in this research were (500*1400) mm with total height of (14000) mm. The dimensions of side openings were (600*2000) mm. The column was reinforced with (20) mm diameter in longitudinal direction, while (12) mm ties were used in the transverse direction. The effect of eccentric impact loads on the horizontal and vertical displacement for this column was studied.                              &

A complete numerical solution of thermal compressible elastohydrodynamic lubrication of rolling /
sliding contact was achieved to determine the effect of inlet boundary condition on the film shape,
film pressure, and film temperature in an elastohydrodynamic line contact problem.
The direct iterative technique is used to solve the simultaneous system of Reynolds, ,elasticity , and
energy equations for different locations of inlet oil fed . The effect of various load, speed , and slip
conditions have been investigated . the results indicate that the effects of starvation are an increase
of oil film temperature and decrease in oil film thickness so that the temperature effect are
significant and can not be neglected.

Among the most important problems which faced the new approach is the wide use of old approach , particularly the traditional approach ( general contractor ) and the bill of quantity contract, and this were commonly used in the course of the application of fast – track approach in spite of unfulfilling the execution requirements for the fast – track , so It became necessary to look for certain contract rules to be used as a substitute suited all conditions and cases after concluding lessons from the local experiments in rebuilding issues . This research aims at analyzing the subject of shortening time factor taking in consideration the effect all the effective factors which leads to increase the cost and time A scientific methodology

Recycling process presents a sustainable pavement by using the old materials that could be milled, mixed with virgin materials and recycling agents to produce recycled mixtures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of water on recycled asphalt concrete mixtures, and the effect of the inclusion of old materials into recycled mixtures on the resistance of water damage. A total of 54 Marshall Specimens and 54 compressive strength specimens of (virgin, recycled, and aged asphalt concrete mixtures) had been prepared, and subjected to Tensile Strength Ratio test, and Index of Retained Strength test. Four types of recycling agents (used oil, oil + crumb rubber, soft grade asphalt cement, and asphalt cement + Su

The effect on aerodynamic drag of a truck by controlling the boundary layer separation using a rotating
cylinder on leading edge of the truck-trailer is investigated numerically. The flow was assumed to be steady, incompressible, turbulent, and two-dimensional passing over the top surface of the truck. The boundary condition for all the boundaries of the truck was set as well as the cylinder was treated as a moving wall with a specific rotational velocity. The developed computational algorithm is tested for the flow over a flat plate (8m) long with various free stream inlet relative velocity (U∞) which are considered the same as truck velocity and has the values (40, 60, 90, and 120) km/h. The effect of cylinder diameter (10,20,30,a