In this study, the hydromorphodynamic simulation of a stretch of the Euphrates River was conducted. The stretch of the Euphrates River extended from Haditha dam to the city of Heet in Al-Anbar Governorate and it is estimated to be 124.4 km. Samples were taken from 3 sites along the banks of the river stretch using sampling equipment. The samples were taken to the laboratory for grain size analysis where the median size (D₅₀) and sediment load were determined. The hydromorphodynamic simulation was conducted using the NACY 2DH solver of the iRIC model.  The model was calibration using the Manning roughness,    sediment load, and median particle size and the validation process showed that the error between th

To maintain river flows necessary to meet social and ecological objectives, instream environmental flows are frequently used as a strategy. The capability of three alternative historical flow approaches to protect against low flows is shown in this study using gage stations in the Shatt Al-Hillah River in Iraq. The extension of the Shatt al-Hillah River is the focus of this research discussion on environmental flow assessment. The available data on discharge in this research were adopted for ten years from 2012-2021. Different flow methods were adopted to establish a minimum environmental flow in the Shatt Al-Hillah River. Three hydrological-based approaches: Tennant, modified Tennant, and low-flow metrics like 7Q10, wer

Recycled asphalt concrete mixture are prepared, artificially aged and processed in the laboratory to maintain the homogeneity of recycled asphalt concrete mixture gradation, and bitumen content. The loose asphalt concrete mix was subjected to cycle of accelerated aging, (short –term aging) and the compacted mix was subjected to (long -term aging) as per Super-pave procedure. Twenty four Specimens were constructed at optimum asphalt content according to Marshall Method. Recycled mixture was prepared from aged asphalt concrete using recycling agent (soft asphalt cement blended with silica fumes) by (1.5%) weight of mixture as recycling agent content. The effect of recycling agent on aging after recycling process behavior

The influence of natural convection due to buoyancy on the laminar upwards air flow in a uniformly heated inclined circular cylinder has been experimentally studied. The investigation covered a wide range of Reynolds number (450≤Re≤2008), heat flux (95 ≤ q ≤ 898) W/m2, Rayligh number (1.1132×105 ≤ Ra ≤ 3.6982×105 ), with different angles of cylinder inclination α=0° (Horizontal), α=30°, α=60° (Inclined) and α=90° (Vertical).Results show that the heat transfer process improves as the angle of inclination moves from vertical to horizontal position. A general empirical equation for average Nusselt number Num as a function of Rayligh number Ra, Reynolds number Re and angle of inclination α was obtained.

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new welding process that may have significant
advantages compared to the fusion processes as follow: joining of conventionally non-fusion
weldable alloys, reduced distortion and improved mechanical properties of weldable alloys
joints due to the pure solid-state joining of metals. In this paper, a two-dimensional model
based on finite element analysis is used to study the thermal history and thermomechanical
process in the butt-welding of aluminum alloys. The model incorporates the mechanical
reaction of the tool and thermomechanical process of the welded material. The heat source
incorporated in the model involves the friction between the material and the probe and the

Urban growth of cities is connected with three related problems, the first one, is the deterioration of the center, which is a mark for historical origin. The second is the emergence of city edge, which contradicts by the center. The third one is the rapid semi urbanism of the edge. Literature review showed that Baghdad historical center (Old Rusafa and Karkh) had grown in four morphological stages, during which main paths had been changed from those which were perpendicular to the river front to those parallel to it. Research problem is that “there is a knowledge gap about the direction and origin of paths within Baghdad old center, after its growth”. The first research hypothesis is, “the direction of paths within old Baghdad cen

In this paper, variable gain nonlinear PD and PI fuzzy logic controllers are designed and the effect of the variable gain characteristic of these controllers is analyzed to show its contribution in enhancing the performance of the closed loop system over a conventional linear PID controller. Simulation results and time domain performance characteristics show how these fuzzy controllers outperform the conventional PID controller when used to control a nonlinear plant and a plant that has time delay.

The aim of the present research is to study the potentiality of Iraqi bentonite as adsorbent for removing of kerosene from wastewater. Also the capacity of bentonite for kerosene removal was compared to the activated carbon capacity. The sorption of kerosene onto bentonite and AC. were described by two well – known adsorption isotherm models namely Langmuir and Freundlich models. It was found that the Freundlich model can fit very well the equilibrium isotherm adsorption of kerosene onto bentonite and AC. Batch experiments were carried out to study the effect of adsorption of kerosene onto bentonite using various conditions such as initial concentrations of kerosene ( 100-500 ) mg/L, agitation speeds (125, 250, 500, 800) RPM, and weigh

One of the most essential components of asphalt pavements is the filler. It serves two purposes. First, this fine-grained material (diameter less than 0.075 mm) improves the cohesiveness of aggregate with bitumen. Second, produce a dense mixture by filling the voids between the particles. Aluminum dross (AD), which is a by-product of aluminum re-melting, is formed all over the world. This material causes damage to humans and the environment; stockpiling AD in landfills is not the best solution. This research studies the possibility of replacing part of the conventional filler with aluminum dross. Three percent of dross was used, 10, 20, and 30% by filler weight. The MarshallMix design method was adopted to obtain the op

The present study explores numerically the energy storage and energy regeneration during Melting and Solidification processes in Phase Change Materials (PCM) used in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) systems. Transient two-dimensional (2-D) conduction heat transfer equations with phase change have been solved utilizing the Explicit Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Grid Generation technique. A Fortran computer program was built to solve the problem. The study included four different Paraffin's. The effects of container geometrical shape, which included cylindrical and square sections of the same volume and heat transfer area, the container volume or mass of PCM, variation of mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid (HTF), and temp

In this paper, an Anti-Disturbance Compensator is suggested for the stabilization of a 6-DoF quadrotor Unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) system, namely, the Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (IADRC). The proposed Control Scheme rejects the disturbances subjected to this system and eliminates the effect of the uncertainties that the quadrotor system exhibits. The complete nonlinear mathematical model of the 6-DoF quadrotor UAV system has been used to design the four ADRCs units for the attitude and altitude stabilization. Stability analysis has been demonstrated for the Linear Extended State Observer (LESO) of each IADRC unit and the overall closed-loop system using Hurwitz stability criterion. A minimization to a

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the sewage treatment plant in Al-Diwaniya, one of cities in the southern part in Iraq. This evaluation could be used to facilitate effluent quality assessment or optimal process control of the plant. The influent reaching the plant is considered a medium to strong in strength with BOD5/COD ratio in the range 0.23 and 0.69 which can be considered an easily degradable sewage by the biological processes performed by the activated sludge unit. The quality of the effluent was found to be higher than the Iraqi standards for disposal to water bodies. The BOD5/COD ratios of the treated sewage varied over a wide range as low of 0.13 to 1.48 indicating operational problems in the plant. Regression ana

Most prime movers have vibrational problems due to the inherent unbalance in the engines. The unbalance may be due to faulty design or poor manufacture. Naturally, the structures designed to support heavy centrifugal machines, like motors, turbines and reciprocating pumps, are also subjected to vibration. In all these situations, the structure or machine component subject to vibration can fail because of material fatigue resulting from the cyclic variation of the induced stress. Furthermore, the vibration causes more rapid wear of machine parts such as bearings and gears and also creates excessive noise.This research is an example in the field of reducing as much as possible the vibration. To accomplish this, a digital instrument, based

In this paper ,a new idea to combine Adjusted Step Size Least Mean Square (ASSLMS) algorithm with standard LMS active tap detection technique is presented .Then the combined method is used for estimating unknown time-invariant (stationary) and time varying (non- stationary) Finite Impulse Response (FIR) channel for adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) application. The focus of this paper is to improve the convergence rate and low level of the error in the steady state for the popular LMS adaptive filter. The simulation results have shown improvement on the convergence rate using the combined technique over both the ASSLMS algorithm and standard LMS active tap detection technique if they are used alone.

A tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is one of the most popular kinds of welding used to join metals mainly for aluminum alloys.  However, many challenges may be met with this kind of joining process; these challenges arise from decay of mechanical properties of welded materials. In the present study, an attempt was made to enhancing the mechanical properties of TIG weld joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy by hardening the surfaces using shoot peening technique. To optimize the shoot peening process three times of exposure (5, 10, and 15) min. was used. All peened and unpeened, and welded and unwelded samples were  characterized by metallographic test to indicate the phase transformation and modification in microstructure occurring d

This paper proposes a new method to tune a fractional order PID controller. This method utilizes both the analytic and numeric approach to determine the controller parameters. The control design specifications that must be achieved by the control system are gain crossover frequency, phase margin, and peak magnitude at the resonant frequency, where the latter is a new design specification suggested by this paper. These specifications results in three equations in five unknown variables. Assuming that certain relations exist between two variables and discretizing one of them, a performance index can be evaluated and the optimal controller parameters that minimize this performance index are selected. As a case study, a thir

Storage tanks condition and integrity is maintained by joint application of coating and cathodic protection. Iraq southern region rich in oil and petroleum product refineries need and use plenty of aboveground storage tanks. Iraq went through conflicts over the past thirty five years resulting in holding the oil industry infrastructure behind regarding maintenance and modernization. The primary concern in this work is the design and implementation of cathodic protection systems for the aboveground storage tanks farm in the oil industry.

Storage tank external base area and tank internal surface area are to be protected against corrosion using impressed current and sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems. Int

The main goal of planning and designing for external open spaces and gardens is to create a comfortable external environment for human use. In this environment, there should be a balance between the function and the aesthetic, taking into account the location’s circumstances, specialty, characteristic and economic potentials. The research is aimed at limiting the disadvantages and the problems of the opening areas and gardens in the agriculture college supported by study of the similar Arabic countries experience that have the same Iraq circumstances environment.Also building a data base that may be a work sheet to improve, develop and ever-living these opening green areas and maintain and act it in the form that achieves the purpose b

It may by said that there is a historical relationship between architecture and structure which was strongly affected by the technological developments. Therefore structure as a factor of the material base of architectural technology is very influencing factor in design activity, and in architectural configuration. Many, other points of views and transformations that appeared casted their shadows upon the Iraqi architecture of 20th century, each period carried the entry of architectural and structural styles which caused a variation in effect, So the knowledge gap that the research focuses on the absence of the role of structure (on the practical level as a direct influencing factor) in the shaping of Iraqi architecture. The subject matt

Single neuron perceptron is designed as a classifier of two different classes using the hardlimiter activation function (i.e. in the absence of light, and presence of light). An example is designed and tested so that the proposed circuit learned different categories and then used as a
classifier for two different classes because of the use of single neuron. Additional electronic circuits were used for computation processes. The Computer simulation results indicate stable solution that compares with theoretical results. Single layer perceptron M-category classifier is designed as a classifier for more than two classes. An example is designed and tested for the verification. The example learns after (5) iterations. Computer simulation

This research pertains to expand the formulation and applicability of using confinement and expansion due to Poisson’s ratio models for three dimensional non-linear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete members. A plasticity based model that acknowledges the asymmetric response of reinforced concrete under multiaxial stress conditions is used to account for the strength improvement under conditions of triaxial compression. Complex behavior of concrete such as compression softening and tension softening are incorporated to simulate concrete behavior. DIANA software is used for finite element analysis with the inclusion of confinement and
expansion effects. The concept of material pre-strains is extended to accommodate mod

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a commonly used industry term for computer based system allowing system operators to obtain real-time data related to the status of an electric power system over wide geographic area.the designed SCADA system consists of
Five modules and it is designed to work with two layers: Client layer and Data server layer each in a separated PC. The APplication Program (APP) module is one of the SCADA modules that works as an interface between the I/O cards and the other SCADA modules. It collects the data from the I/O cards; through an I/O interface card; and passes it to the Process Data Interchange (PDI) module. And because of the APP module works in a separated PC, it communicate with PDI

The aim of this study is estimating the critical bed depth in adsorption process through a fixed-bed of granular activated carbon at different bed depths of 0.03, 0.05, 0.08and 0.11m at influent furfural concentration in waste water of 0.2 kg/m3, with constant flow rate of (16.66) × 10-5 m3/min and adsorbent particle size (0.5-1.5) mm. the changing of flow rate and furfural influent concentration had been studied to determine their effects on the critical bed depth value by using bed depth- service time
method (BDST). Length of unused bed (LUB) and length of equivalent section of bed had been estimated mathematically during process of the adsorption at different bed depths and during changing the flow rate(8.3× 10-5 m3/min) and in

ANN modeling is used here to predict missing monthly precipitation data in one station of the eight weather stations network in Sulaimani Governorate. Eight models were developed, one for each station as for prediction. The accuracy of prediction obtain is excellent with correlation coefficients between the predicted and the measured values of monthly precipitation ranged from (90% to 97.2%). The eight ANN models are found after many trials for each station and those with the highest correlation coefficient were selected. All the ANN models are found to have a hyperbolic tangent and identity activation functions for the hidden and output layers respectively, with learning rate of (0.4) and momentum term of (0.9), but with different data

In order to understand the effect of (length of pile / diameter of pile) ratio on the load carrying capacity and settlement reduction behavior of piled raft resting on loose sand, laboratory model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the effect of pile length and the number of piles. The load settlement behavior obtained from the tests has been validated by using 3-D finite element in ABAQUS program, was adopted to understand the load carrying response of piled raft and settlement reduction. The results of experimental work show that the increase in (Lp/dp) ratio led to increase in load carrying capacity by piled raft from (19.75 to 29.35%), (14.18 to 28.87%) and (0 to 16.49%) , the maximum load carried

A fixed firefighting system is a key component of fire safeguarding and reducing fire danger. It is installed as a permanent component in a structure to protect the entire or a portion of the building and its contents. The study aims to review the previous studies that deal with the evaluation of fire safety measures and their use in resolving problems associated with fire threats in buildings. For this reason, a number of previous studies in this field were reviewed compared with the NFPA code. The findings revealed that regulatory developments over the last several decades had created an atmosphere conducive to innovation. This has resulted in a growth in the number of fixed firefighting system types now obtainable. Th

Since its invention by the Ancient Romans and later developed during the mid-18th century, the concrete structure and finish, has been considered as the most powerful, practical, economic and constructional material that meets the building’s architectural and aesthetical requirements. By creating unique architectural forms, the pioneer architects used concrete widely to shape up their innovative designs and buildings.

The pre-mixed ultra-high performance concrete which manufactured by Lafarge.

The transparent concrete and cement that allow the light beams to pass through them, introduces remarkable well-lit architectural spaces within the same structural criteria. This product is a recyclable, sustainab

The residual limb within the prosthesis, is often subjected to tensile or fatigue stress with varying temperatures. The fatigue stress and temperatures difference which faced by amputee during his daily activities will produces an environmental media for growth of fungi and bacteria in addition to the damage that occurs in the prosthesis which minimizingthe life of the prosthetic limb and causing disconfirm feeling for the amputee.

In this paper, a mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials prosthetic socket made of different lamination for perlon/fiber glass/perlon, are calculated by using tesile test device under varying temperatures ( from 20oC to 60oC), also in this paper a device for measuring rotational bendin

This paper presents a study of the geometrically non-linear vibrations of clamped circular plates with variable thickness by taking the effect of large amplitude motion. The maximum thickness is considered to be at the plate center and it is taken to be twice the value of thickness at the edge. The problem is solved by the numerical iteration procedure to obtain the results of vibration amplitudes up to twice the maximum plate thickness. The results are presented for the first two modes of vibration. The obtained results indicate
that increasing the ratio of thickness has the effect of increasing the nonlinear frequency and modify the corresponding mode shape.

Research aims to develop a novel technique for segmental beam fabrication using plain concrete blocks and externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Laminates (CFRP) as a main flexural reinforcement. Six beams designed an experimentally tested under two-point loadings. Several parameters included in the fabrication of segmental beam studied such as; bonding length of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the surface-to-surface condition of concrete segments, interface condition of the bonding surface, and thickness of epoxy resin layers. Test results of the segmental beams specimens compared with that gained from testing reinforced concrete beam have similar dimensions for validations. The results show the effectiven