This study is concerned with the effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) at liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 o C) on the mechanical properties and performance of low carbon steel (A858). The tests specimens were divided in to two groups, the first group was subjected to the conventional heat treatment of normalizing, and the second group was also normalized then subjected to (DCT). The results have shown that after (DCT), the Hardness, Tensile properties and the impact energy absorbed were all slightly increased. However the fatigue test showed some positive improvement in fatigue limit by 20(N/mm2 ), and the volume wear rates at different loads were significantly decreased after (DCT). The changes in microstructure due to (DCT) were c

The OpenStreetMap (OSM) project aims to establish a free geospatial database for the entire world which is editable by international volunteers. The OSM database contains a wide range of different types of geographical data and characteristics, including highways, buildings, and land use regions. The varying scientific backgrounds of the volunteers can affect the quality of the spatial data that is produced and shared on the internet as an OSM dataset. This study aims to compare the completeness and attribute accuracy of the OSM road networks with the data supplied by a digitizing process for areas in the Baghdad and Thi-Qar governorates. The analyses are primarily based on calculating the portion of the commission (extr

Iraqi paraffin wax (1.0 wt% aromatic content and 4.4 wt% oil content, Basrah origin) was hydro treated over commercial Pt-Re/y-Al203 catalyst in order to study aromatic removal reaction (de-aromatization) kinetics. Reaction temperature varied from 453 to 533 K over a liquid hourly space velocity from 0.5 to 4.2 h. Hydrogen pressure was kept constant throughout all the experiment at 3.6 Mpa with hydrogen to wax ratio about 400 m/m Kinetics analysis showed that the hydro-de-aromatization reaction followed a second order kinetics model. Energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation of hydro-de-aromatization reaction were 17.2 RJ/mole, 13.1 kJ/mole and -16.9 J/mole K, respectively.

In this paper, three types of epoxy-based coatings (Polyamide, pure Polyamine, and Polyamine reinforced by glass-flake) used as a lining for potable water tanks were studied using experimental and finite element methods. Tensile, impact, and fatigue tests were conducted on uncoated and coated AISI 316 stainless steel. The test results show that the applied epoxy based coating improves the mechanical properties, increases of fatigue crack resistance, and enhance the dynamic fracture toughness. The fatigue crack propagation is influenced by the compositions of epoxy coating, and the glass-flake improves the coating resistance to fatigue crack propagation compared to other types.

In this modern Internet era and the transition to IPv6, routing protocols must adjust to assist this transformation. RIPng, EIGRPv6 and OSPFv3 are the dominant IPv6 IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocols). Selecting the best routing protocol among the available is a critical task, which depends upon the network requirement and performance parameters of different real time applications. The primary motivation of this paper is to estimate the performance of these protocols in real time applications. The evaluation is based on a number of criteria including:  network convergence duration, Http Page Response Time, DB Query Response Time, IPv6 traffic dropped, video packet delay variation and video packet end to end de

يعد مبدأ التكامل البيئي- الاجتماعي - الجمالي من المبادىء المهمة في تصميم المجمعات السكنية لنمط متعدد الاسر لما
لها من اهمية في وقتنا الحالي بسبب تفاقم ازمة السكن ، وللوصول الى تصاميم تقترب من نمط الاسكان منفرد الاسرة ، مع
الاخذ بالمعلومات والمعطيات والحلول الناجعة والمتراكمة عبر خبرات سنين طويلة والموجودة في تراثنا العربي للمحلة السكنية
التقليدية، على هذا الاساس اعتمد البحث في تقديمه للمشكلة البحثية

By adding a measure of third harmonic to the output of each phase of three-phase inverter, it is possible to obtain a line-to-line output voltage that is 15 percent greater than that obtainable when pure sinusoidal modulation is employed.
The line-to-line voltage is undistorted. The method permits the inverter to deliver an output voltage approximately equal to the voltage of the ac supply to the inverter. Thus an induction motor of standard rating with respect to the ac supply to the inverter can deliver very nearly full power at rated speed when supplied from the inverter. This is achieved without pulse dropping or any other form of mode changing.

In this paper, the computational complexity will be reduced using a revised version of the selected mapping (SLM) algorithm. Where a partial SLM is achieved to reduce the mathematical operations around 50%. Although the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction gain has been slightly degraded, the dramatic reduction in the computational complexity is an outshining achievement. Matlab simulation is used to evaluate the results, where the PAPR result shows the capability of the proposed method.  

This work aims to analyze and study the bit performance in directional oil wells which leads to get experience about the drilled area by monitoring bit performance and analyzing its work. This study is concerned with Rumaila Oil Field by studying directional hole of one oil well with different angles of inclination. Drilling program was used in order to compare with used parameters (WOB, RPM and FR).in those holes. The effect of the drilling hydraulic system on the bit performance was studied as well as the hydraulic calculation can be done by using Excel program. This study suggests method which is used to predict the value of penetration rate by studying different formation type to choose the best drilling parameters t

No-fines Concrete is a lightweight porous concrete produced by omitting sand from the traditional concrete mix. It helps replenish the groundwater aquifer by directly allowing precipitation to seep into the earth thanks to its wide pores. This work studied the influence of partially replacing cement with silica fume (SF) with percentages of 5, 8, and 10% on some properties of no-fine concrete made using recycled coarse aggregate. The natural coarse aggregate (NA) was replaced with 10%, 20%, and 30% by crushed reactive powder concrete waste volume as recycled aggregate (RA). The optimum percentage was 10% RA with 10% SF, which indicated a substantial improvement in the no-fine concrete's strength, dry density, and water a

pole assignment technique specifies all closed-loop poles. Such a system where the reference input always zero is called a regulator system. The problem of shifting the regulator poles (closed-loop poles) at the desired location is called pole assignment problem, and this can be done if and only if the system is completely state controllable. Controller's objective is to maintain the speed of rotation of the motor shaft with a particular step response. Results obtained were compared with another controller applied to the DC motor based on Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. The controller was designed and tested using MATLAB 7 programming language.

يتناول هذا البحث دراسة معامل الفعالية البوزولانية للفلدسبار المحلي المتواجد في مقالع قرب بحر النجف ومقارنته مع معامل الفعالية لدقيق السليكا المستورد. تم استعمال الفلنسيار المطحون والمنعم الى (1200م2 / كغم) بمقياس بلين (Blaine). وتم فحص الفعالية البوزولانية بموجب المواصفة الأمريكية (02-311-ASTM C حيث أظهرت النتيجة بأن معامل الفعالية البوز ولائية للفلدسبار (97%) مقارنة بـ (92%) لدقيق السليكا، والتي تشير إلى أمكانية استخدام

Password security and protection are one of the important research topics in modem computer systems. Providing privacy, authenticity, integrity and limited access to data, encryption methods are proposed for password security schemes.This paper proposes the use of neural network accessing the system, the system needs other information extracted from the user's password along with the password itself, these information is passed to two different neural networks to examine the authenticity of the user, and then decide whether the user is a legal user or an intruder.The extracted information can be summarized by the time period between each two successive characters in the password and the strength of strike of the user when each character

This paper studies video conference system over low bit rate network. As a result of this study, some ideas are employed to transfer video and audio information through the dial up network with minimum jerky views, discontinuous voice and with a reasonable number of users. A video conference standard, which contains video standard and audio standard, is chosen to build a
developed Video Conference System that takes into consideration the monitoring of the network load, by using a special designed sensor, called Network Load Sensor. The NLS is built to sense the network load. Based on the test results, the video resolution and audio compression ratio vary continuously. The system is implemented using visual C++, with using of sockets

The fatigue damage is a dangerous and could be considered as the most unwanted failure in the materials that are used to construct the engineering components. As composites take an advanced position in the industry of aircraft, marine and many other high performance components, because of their high ability and their light weight and for their strength, this forces us to find the deformation and data to give a good expectation for the composite behavior under fatigue and other types of damage. In this study the material used is the glass fiber with a polyester resin; the experiment used a device to force the composite to be under a bending fatigue through specified deflection and then the force is measured. The results for different valu

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are simply regular grids of elevation measurements over the land surface. DEMs are mainly extracted by applying the technique of stereo measurements on images available from photogrammetry and remote sensing. DEMs play a vital role in many scientific, environmental, engineering as well as military applications which need accurate and dense DEMs. However, generating a dense and accurate DEM comes with the price of spending both time and money on the field measurements. Fortunately, advanced space technology has provided much single (if not stereo) high resolution satellite imageries almost worldwide with the available global or local DEMs. This study included evaluating both DEM produced from topographic ma

This work is an experimental investigation for single basin-single slope solar still coupled with an evacuated tube solar collector. The work is carried out under the climatic conditions of Baghdad city (33.2456º North and East latitude, 44.3337º longitude) through certain days of the months of the year 2019 to study the impact of using evacuated tube solar collector on the daily productivity and efficiency under the outdoors climatic conditions. It was found that using the evacuated tube solar collector increase daily productivity from 2.175 kg/  to 2.95 kg/ for 9 hours (35.63 %) for clear days, also an enhancement about 10.97 % in daily efficiency.

The weather of Iraq has longer summer season compared with other countries. The ambient temperature during this season reaches over 50 ^OC which makes the evaporative cooling system suitable for this climate. In present work, the two-stage evaporative cooling system is studied. The first stage is indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) represented by two heat exchangers with the groundwater flow rate (5 L/min). The second stage is direct evaporative cooling (DEC) which represents three pads with groundwater flow rates of (4.5 L/min). The experimental work was conducted in July, August, September, and October in Baghdad. Results showed that overall evaporative efficiency of the system (two coils with three pads each

This work investigates individual and social concerns regarding the integral sustainability of an alternative low-carbon cement. The framework of Integral Philosophy was used for the investigation. Social surveys were conducted in Australian, American, and Sri Lankan contexts. The data was collected through both closed-ended and open-ended questions in a questionnaire. Analysis of responses was carried out using fuzzy techniques and grounded theory techniques. Results indicate that individuals and societies in all three countries are more concerned about market price, quality standards, sustainability issues, and recommendations from professionals when selecting a new cement. In all three contexts, they also indicate tha

In this work, a single Semi-Recurrent Spike Neural Network (SRSNN) supervised learning method based on time coding is proposed to classify visual terrain encountered by the mobile robot. To this end, the features are extracted using the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) method. Then, the SRSNN is trained to classify multi-class of terrains.  This training is used to classify six classes of terrain: hydrop, gravel, asphalt, grass, mud, and sand. The proposed training algorithm is based on adaptive synaptic weights that reach the threshold value. The feature extracted method and SRSNN form the proposed Intelligent structure. This structure effectively evaluates the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The simulation result

تم اجراء عدد من التجارب المختبرية لاجل ايجاد علاقة بين رقم نسلت ورقم رالي وكذلك لدراسة تأثير زاوية الميل
ومستوى التسخين في معدل انتقال الحرارة بالحمل الحر من صفائح مستطيلة ذات ثقب مستطيل مسخنة (mA) تثقيب المساحة
106 ). نتائج الدراسة ≤Ra≤3.96× بثبوت درجة الحرارة وبوجود أسطح امتداد، وضمن منطقة الجريان الطباقي لرقم رالي ( 106
(mA) يقل فيما يزداد انحدار درجات الحرارة عند زيادة رقم كراشوف ونسبة التثقيب (δ) بينت إن سمك

Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) are progressively being implemented in a wide variety of applications. Their exclusive appealing features make them suitable for solving traditional rotor-bearing problems using novel design approaches for rotating machinery.  In this paper, a linearized uncertain model of AMBs is utilized to develop a nonlinear sliding mode controller based on Lyapunov function for the electromechanical system. The controller requires measurements of the rotor displacements and their derivatives. Since the control law is discontinuous, the proposed controller can achieve a finite time regulation but with the drawback of the chattering problem. To reduce the effect of this problem, the gain of the uni

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This paper studies the combination fluid viscous dampers in the outrigger system to add supplementary damping into the structure, which purpose to remove the dependability of the structure to lower variable intrinsic damping. It works by connecting the central core, comprising either shear walls or braced frames, to the outer perimeter columns.

     The modal considered is a 36 storey square high rise reinforced concrete building. By constructing a discrete lumped mass model, and using frequency-based response function, two systems of dampers, parallel and series systems are studied. The maximum lateral load at the top of the building is calculated, and  this load  w

Finite element modeling of transient temperature distribution is used to understand physical phenomena occurring during the dwell (penetration) phase and moving of welding tool in friction stir welding (FSW) of 5mm plate made of 7020-T53 aluminum alloy at 1400rpm and 40mm/min.
Thermocouples are used in locations near to the pin and under shoulder surface to study the welding tool penetration in the workpiece in advance and retreate sides along welding line in three positions (penetrate (start welding) , mid, pullout (end welding)).
Numerical results of ANSYS 12.0 package are compared to experimental data including axial load measurements at different tool rotational speeds (710rpm.900rpm.1120rpm and 1400rpm) Based on the experiment

To finalize any construction investment project, it would be necessary to identify the most significant problems and obstacles that lead to project reluctance and stalling. Unexpected events and conflicts may have disrupted these strategies and impacted project development. Due to the high initial investment costs of construction projects, crises can have an immediate impact, resulting in significant financial losses. The 2014 financial crisis was one of the most prominent crises that Iraq faced, which prompted the researcher to identify and evaluate those obstacles through this research and questionnaires using Pareto scientific theory to exclude factors that do not contribute to project lag. It was discovered that 28 o

Low- and medium-carbon structural steel components face random vibration and dynamic loads (like earthquakes) in many applications. Thus a modification to improve their mechanical properties, essentially damping properties, is required. The present study focuses on improving and developing these properties, significantly dampening properties, without losing the other mechanical properties. The specimens used in the present study are structural steel ribbed bar ISO 6935 subjected to heating temperatures of (850, 950, and 1050) ˚C, and cooling schemes of annealing, normalizing, sand, and quenching was selected. The damping properties of the specimens were measured experimentally with the area under the curve for the loadi

Shell foundations are generally found to be economic under conditions of heavy loads and weak soils as small amount of reinforcement is needed due to occurrence of compressive stresses in most parts of the foundation. Depending upon their size, conical shells can serve as footings for columns while inverted domes shells can serve as rafts for tanks supported on a circular row of columns. This paper describes 3-D finite element models, the eight nodes degenerated shell and the twenty nodes brick elements which are used herein. The models which may be adopted in the material nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete shell foundations are described briefly in this paper. The present study results give good agreement compared with available

This work is concerned with designing two types of controllers, a PID and a Fuzzy PID, to be used
for flying and stabilizing a quadcopter. The designed controllers have been tuned, tested, and
compared using two performance indices which are the Integral Square Error (ISE) and the Integral
Absolute Error (IAE), and also some response characteristics like the rise time, overshoot, settling
time, and the steady state error. To try and test the controllers, a quadcopter mathematical model has
been developed. The model concentrated on the rotational dynamics of the quadcopter, i.e. the roll,
pitch, and yaw variables. The work has been simulated with “MATLAB”. To make testing the
simulated model and the controllers m

In this paper, the effect of wear in the fluid film journal bearings on the dynamic stability of rotor bearing system has been studied depending on the development of new analytical equations for motion, instability threshold speed and steady state harmonic response for rotor with offset disc supported by worn journal bearings. Finite element method had been used for modeling the rotor bearing system. The analytical model is verified by comparing its results with that obtained numerically for a rotor supported on the short bearings. The analytical and numerical results showed good agreement with about 8.5% percentage error in the value of critical speed and about 3.5% percentage error in the value of harmonic response. T