Undoped and aluminum-doped In2S3 chalcopyrite semiconductor thin films are deposited on glass substrates using the thermal evaporation process under a vacuum of 1.6×10^-5 mbar, achieving a thickness of 500 nm. This study examines the impact of varying Al ratios of 0.0, 0.02 and 0.04 on properties of Al-doped In2S3 thin film. The structural characteristics of In2S3 thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealing that the In2S3 film exhibits a polycrystalline structure and stable tetragonal β-In2S3, with a preferred orientation of (109) at 2θ = 27.3. Furthermore, AFM is examining the exterior morphology of the film, revealing that both surface roughness and average diameter escalate with h

     For this work, the spray pyrolysis technique is employed to create uniform thin films of cadmium telluride (CdTe) at 350°C on glass substrates. For optical and structural examination, the films that were deposited undergo annealing at 573 K and 723 K. In an air atmosphere, before being examined using an XRD, a microscopy force atomic (AFM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The film's cubic structure and polycrystalline nature were demonstrated by the XRD tests with preferred orientation (111), and temperatures for annealing improve crystalline speed. Crystallite size and microstrain were among the microstructural metrics that were computed with an increase in annealing temperatures; it was found that the microstrain decreased and

Moth-eye nano-structure is essentially used as a light-trapping technique for more efficient and cost-effective solar cells. This computational study investigated two dimensions of rectangular silicon base anti-reflected nanostructure for ultra-thin film solar silicon cell efficiency enhancement. The introduced simulation procedure depends on numerical methods and Lumerical software. Impacts of the structure geometry, which was the width and height, on optical and electrical properties were investigated. It found that the geometry of the structure has a significant effect on the absorption and reflection spectrum, due to structure light-trapping effects, and the maximum absorption increases in visible regain reported at a width of 300 nm

Over the past few years, there has been a significant focus on studying the synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles. These tiny particles possess distinct properties that set them apart from bulk metals. Cr:Se core-shell nano thin film has been pre-coated by plasma jets with different concentrations (10:0, 8:2, and 6:4) and deposition by chemical spray pyrolysis. The nano-thin films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), and transmission electron microscopy TEM. This study looks into the structure and optical features of core-shell nanoparticles made with different ratios of chromium and selenium (Cr:Se). The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles

The process of burning solid waste causes a serious environmental problem, leading to air and water pollution. Therefore, these agricultural wastes are added as reinforcing materials to polymers through which some mechanical and physical properties can be improved. This study included the preparation of single and hybrid polymeric composite materials from polyester resin as a base material. Powders of both sawdust and sunflower seeds were used as reinforcement materials with different weight fractions (5,10,15)%  and a granule size of 75µm. Some mechanical properties were studied, including bending strength testing, bending elastic modulus, impact strength, and surface hardness testing, in addition to thermal conductivity. The obtained

We studied in this investigation the changes of the continuous conductivity of the electricity (σ_d.c) due to substituting part of Selenium with Lead in an S₆₀-Se_40-X-Pb_X alloy at weight ratios x = 0, 10, 20, and 30. Our investigation includes an examination of σ_d.c. mechanisms in chalcogenide semiconductors and governing the equations of the continuous D.C. electrical conductivity, and the application of these measured characteristics of S₆₀-Se_40-X-Pb_X glasses to assess Lead's impact on extended, local, and Fermi energy state densities. Some procedures were applied to the materials, such as mixing, grinding, heating in quartz ampoules, placing them

     Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe medical disorder manifested by a decline in kidney function over an extended period. This leads to the accumulation of toxins and the gradual inability to remove excess waste and fluids from the body. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is part of a protein family that regulates microtubule structure and cellular metabolism. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of these parameters in evaluating CKD and its associated mechanisms in Iraqi patients. The study was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024. Ninety subjects enrolled in this study: 60 patients with CKD who attended the Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City/ Dialysis Unit in Baghdad, Iraq. Additionally, 30 healthy sub

In this study, we prepared thin films of nickel oxide with a thickness of 150±10 nm using the pyrolysis spray technique, and their properties were studied for two hours at different annealing temperatures. including (as deposited, 723 and 873) K. Based on XRD measurements, the pattern data showed that (NiO) had an amorphous structure without annealing, but that a cubic polycrystalline structure with a preferred orientation (111), (200), and (220) was produced at a higher annealing temperature. In addition to other techniques, the crystal structure of the film was characterized using X-ray diffraction. The structure and physical characteristics of the NiO thin films are examined using methods based on atomic force microscopy and X-rays.

     This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a ternary nanocomposite comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of using it is to remove Terasil Black dye from water, particularly in textile industries. The nanocomposite was created using a co-precipitation method, followed by physical bonding with MnO₂ NPs. The structural properties, surface morphology, and elemental composition were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The XRD results confirmed the presence of an amorphous phase along with dist

In the last decades, functional differential equations have attracted the attention of many researchers; they were interested in the theory and its applications. The most common differential equations of functional type are advanced, neutral, and delay DEs. The theory of oscillatory DEs with retarded arguments has a paramount effect on the qualitative properties of DEs. It is essential to deduce conditions for oscillatory and non-oscillatory solutions. The objective of this paper is to obtain oscillatory conditions for differential equations with retarded arguments. So, the oscillatory behavior has been considered in the nonlinear differential equations (DEs) of neutral type with three delays. Some important conditions of all functions h

The biosynthesis of nanoparticle-mediated pigments has been widely used as an antimicrobial agent against microorganisms.In order to study the effect of ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles on Candida albicans, they were biosynthesized by using pyocyanin pigment produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fe₂O₃NPs were characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. From December 2022 to July 2023, a total of 48 samples of C. albicans were collected from burns, wounds, and urine from private labs and Al-Kin

Neutrophils in saliva cause tissue death in inflammatory disorders, including periodontal disease. Identifying biomarkers for neutrophil mediators is crucial for accurate diagnosis in periodontics research. This study is to investigate the salivary levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 16b (sCD16b) and alpha defensin, which are biomarkers of neutrophil activation in patients with periodontal diseases, and to examine the correlation between these levels and clinical periodontal parameters. In this particular case-control study, a total of sixty subjects who were diagnosed with periodontal disease, including 30 with periodontitis and 30 with gingivitis, were recruited. These subjects ranged in age from 17 to 65 year

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, during the period from the beginning of February 2022 to the end of February 2023. Iraq is an endemic country with a high frequency of both types, visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, with several clinical manifestations. This study was designed to describe the histopathological alterations of skin infection and compare the hematological parameters between two groups of rabbits. In this study used two groups of rabbits one of which was experimentally infected with L. tropica. Leishmania tropica isolate was obtained from AL-Nahrain University, Biotechnol

The current study collected 157 clinical samples from Iraqi patients suffering from urinary tract infections at various Baghdad hospitals, including Medical City/Educational Laboratories, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Imamin Al-Kadhimiya Hospital, and the Central Children's Hospital in Baghdad, from 27 November 2022 to 11 January 2023. We identified and tested the formation of biofilms, which led to the detection of two genes, algD and TspE4.C2. Vitek 2 confirmed the final diagnosis after a biochemical and microscopic examination of 11 selected E. coli isolates. The Congo red method has detected the bacterial vulnerability to form biofilms. he findings of this study showed that all selected bacterial isolates form

In today's digital era, the importance of securing information has reached critical levels. Steganography is one of the methods used for this purpose by hiding sensitive data within other files. This study introduces an approach utilizing a chaotic dynamic system as a random key generator, governing both the selection of hiding locations within an image and the amount of data concealed in each location. The security of the steganography approach is considerably improved by using this random procedure. A 3D dynamic system with nine parameters influencing its behavior was carefully chosen. For each parameter, suitable interval values were determined to guarantee the system's chaotic behavior. Analysis of chaotic performance is given using

     When an electron moves from one atom or molecule to another, a charge-transfer complex is formed. The other objects must be able to accept these electrons, and one entity must have free electrons or a tendency to donate them. This resembles an internal oxidation-reduction reaction more. This research aims to shed light on charge transfer complexes formed by polyenes and carotenes, which act as electron-donating molecules due to their alternating double and single bonds. This allows them to create such complexes when interacting with organic molecules that lack electrons. These complexes exhibited distinctive optical and physicochemical properties, enabling them to be adapted for a wide range of applications. In addition, the res

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic disease manifested by a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that leads to the progression of kidney failure and increased incidence of mortality and cardiovascular complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects multiple organs, including the pancreas, as well as the kidneys, liver, brain, and eyes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a component of the renin-angiotensin system, which is highly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells. This study aims to measure ACE2 and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) as early detection markers for DN among T2DM patients. The sample size consisted of 135 individuals, who were divided into three groups

The widespread use of antibiotics has contributed to a progressive rise of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics, posing a challenge in the implementation of infection control. The current study aims to give an update on the antibiotic resistance status of local K.pneumoniae isolates. A total of one hundred and sixty specimens from different sources were collected. The VITEK 2 compact system was used to confirm the identification and test the antibiotic susceptibility. Multiple antibiotic resistance indices were estimated for each isolate. Out of the total samples, eighty (50%) K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by morphological and cultural characteristics and CHROM agar. Noticeably, the majority

Marcescin is a bacteriocin that is extracted from isolates of Serratia marcescens, which is a gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family Enterobacteraeaceae and is considered a nosocomial pathogenic bacteria. In this research, the toxic effect of crude marcescin extracted from the S. marcescens bacteria on the human laryngx epidermoid carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line was investigated. S. marcescens was isolated from blood, urine, and stool samples of patients from Nursing House Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and Teaching Laboratories of Medical City by using a series of dilutions to concentrations of (0.00, 1.95, 3.9, 7.8, 15.62, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000) µg/ml and an exposure time of (24

Complex systems in the real world have networks differ significantly from random graphs and have non-trivial structures. In fact, they have a community structure that needs to be recognized and recovered. The stochastic block models (SBMs) are popular models for community detection in networks, where nodes are divided into groups based on their connectivity patterns. Maximum likelihood estimation is a common method for estimating the parameters of SBMs. In this paper, a model selection for stochastic block models is presented based on the optimization of the log-likelihood function to find the best number of communities K detected by the regularized convex modularity maximization method. This work deals with many assumptions on K because

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new type of spaces called nano topological spaces and investigate the relation between nano topological space and nano ideal semi preopen set. The objective of this study is to develop a nano topological model. We study this model from three aspects, which are lower, upper approximation and their properties. Basic properties and characterizations related to these sets are given. And define the concept Nano ideal semi preopen set by using nano topological space and some properties of this set. The main aim of rough sets is to increase the accuracy measure and reduce the boundary region of sets by increasing the lower approximations and decreasing the upper approximations.

This study aimed to isolate and characterize fungus Aspergillus niger and treated by crude phenolic extract from Agaricus bisporus mushroom that contains a bioactive compound to treat fungi. Thirty samples were taken of suffered patients with otomycosis. Phenol extract was performed by HPLC technology, Molecular diagnosis of fungal isolation by PCR technique. Results show that the microscopic and culture examination on sabouraud dextrose agar medium showed that the fungal isolates A. niger had a percentage of (60%). The molecular diagnosis of fungal isolates using the polymerase chain reaction technique. HPLC showed being present of six biologically active substances in A. bisporus. Active substance (p

Fisheries is one of the main sectors on which some countries are increasingly dependent. Filling the food gap is an important resource in the agricultural resource base, but it is one of the neighborhoods affected by the agricultural activities. The bacterial disease agents were isolated from aquaculture in the Babylon governorate, Iraq, during December 2021 to the end of October 2022. A total of 65 specimens of Cyprinus carpio were infected (53%). Four bacterial diseases were diagnosed by clinical signs that appeared from severe infections of external and internal organs (fin rot, dropsy, bacterial gill disease, and vibriosis). Bacteria were identified according to their morphological characterization and using the Vitek 2 syst

      The novel quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized in excellent yields, manufactured, characterized, and investigated for their biological activity. This study aims to produce new quinazolinone derivatives and study their antibacterial activity. Quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized in three steps: the first step included the reaction of methyl anthranilate with isothiocyanatobenzene to produce a thiourea derivative (A1). In the second step (A1) was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to synthesized 3-Amino-2-(phenylamino) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (A2). The third step consisted of the reaction of (A2) with various organic compounds (phenylisotiocyanate, phenylisocyanate, acid halide, benzyl halide, and alkyl halide derivatives)

Hypertension is a global health concern, with women experiencing lower blood pressure during their reproductive cycle and postmenopausal women being more sensitive to it. Postmenopausal women's higher body mass increases the risk of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and death. Venous blood was taken from women of experimental groups by syringes into GEL tubes. Blood serum was obtained after allowing the blood to clot in the tube without anticoagulant for 10-20 min at room temperature. To calculate (TNF-alpha, CRP) for all samples, serum separation was done by centrifuge machine at 3000rpm for five minutes. C-reactive protein (CRP) kit and (TNF-alpha) kit by using the ELISA technique according to the manufacturer's i

It has been hypothesized that infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may play a role in the development of autoimmune illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate whether or not a history of infection with the virus is more common in RA patients compared to controls. Ninety samples ranging from 20 to 70 years old were obtained (45 patients plus 45 controls) between October 2022 and March 2023; each group included 37 females and 8 males. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who were chosen for this study were sent with a physician report for RA regular tests at Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Province. The apparently healthy individuals were obtained (from family, friends, and other acquaintances

In this paper, we share a discussion of the Couple Tension Effect on the Peristaltic Transfer of Carreau Peristaltic Flow of Fluid in an Inclined Nonlinear Canal with aPorous Medium the Carreau model's constitutive equation is selected to represent solutions to these problems are obtained A numerical method has been used to answer the problems and consideration, such as perturbation method. Closed form dynamical plus stream function formulas efficiency are pressure was created increase per wave length has been estimated numerically on the channel walls. The Hartman digits impacts (Ha), Darcy digit (Da), amplitude ratio (e), and their consequences. The full effects of axial velocity and entrapment are carefully examined and graphically re

The study investigated the behavioral, hematological, and histological changes of sub-lethal toxicity of Cypermethrin, a synthetic parathyroid insecticide, in male albino mice. The mice were divided into three groups, with the control group remaining untreated and the other groups treated with different doses. The behavioral effects produced mild to moderate toxic symptoms. The lower dose produced very mild toxicities characterized by intermittent diarrhea and decreased feed intake, whereas the higher dose displayed mild to moderate toxicities with diarrhea, decreased feed intake, loss of body weight, dyspnea, ataxia, eye discharge, and salivation. Hematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HB),