Efficient solar energy harvesting through selective absorber coatings is critical for advancing sustainable thermal applications, such as domestic hot water production and water purification. Enhancing photo-thermal conversion while maintaining durability and ease of fabrication remains a challenge. To address this, a composite selective coating was developed by decorating a heat-resistant paint with aluminium and nickel particles, applied via air-spraying on the base paint layer. The coatings were characterized structurally, morphologically, and compositionally using optical microscopy, field-emission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and elemental mapping. Photo-thermal conversion perf

     This research is primarily an educational applied study, where a step-by-step MATLAB program has been written (unlike other ready-made programs). This allows researchers to modify, add, or remove any steps that suit their work in the program and what they find most appropriate for their tasks. The program is based on the spectral signature of the colors present in the map; it selects an area composed of 30×30 pixels or 20×20 pixels in a desert region, for example. The program recognizes its basic colors to identify all similar areas throughout the map and other regions, whether they are fertile areas, semi-desert regions, or water bodies. This research is a guide on applying for a program in MATLAB step by step to reach wide a

     Due to radioactive uranium pollution of water posing serious risks to human health and the environment, effective and sustainable cleanup techniques are required. Zeolite, a porous alumina-silicate mineral with a large surface area and ion-exchange capacity, has drawn interest as a successful uranium removal adsorbent. This study the removal of uranium from radioactively polluted water using laboratory prepared zeolite. To increase the adsorption efficiency, a number of variables were adjusted, such as pH, contact time, initial uranium content, and temperature. According to experimental studies, zeolite exhibits a great affinity for uranium ions and, in the right circumstances, can remove uranium ions with high efficiency. The r

     One plant with considerable therapeutic promise is Jatropha integerrima (J. integerrima ), which belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects on the (B16) melanoma cell line of ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the aerial parts of J. integerrima cultivated in Iraq, with six concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 µg/ml). It has drawn interest due to its possible cytotoxic effects on several cancer cell types. The bioactive chemicals responsible for the observed cytotoxic activity were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) on the ethyl acetate fraction. The cytotoxicity of the fraction

     Biofilm formation interferes with Enterococcus faecalis infections. Modulating biofilm formation may aid in developing innovative treatment strategies for multidrug-resistant bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aims to evaluate the effect of nitrofurantoin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on E. faecalis biofilm formation and adherence. Midstream urine samples (78) were collected from patients with UTI. The biochemical tests and VITIK technology were used to identify the E. faecalis isolates. The MICs of nitrofurantoin were determined to evaluate the susceptibility of E. faecalis isolates. Biofilm levels to polystyrene and adherence to human oral mucosal e

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is essential for immune function, facilitating the conversion of adenosine to inosine. Elevated ADA activity has been observed in several autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is characterized by the production of autoantibodies and dysregulation of T and B lymphocytes. This study involved thirty-five females diagnosed with SLE disease classified according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and 70 age-matched healthy controls. Blood and saliva samples were collected from all participants both before and after 4 weeks of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment. Results demonstrated that serum and saliva levels of TADA, ADA1, and ADA2 activities were noticeably hi

Ribonucleases (RNases) play a crucial role in various biological processes. Many studies have affirmed their significant role in numerous types of cancer. Saliva is an absorbing fluid that has attracted the attention of researchers due to its essential role in pathological and physiological situations. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relevance of alkaline and acidic Ribonuclease activities in serum and saliva for the diagnosis of breast tumours as well as the potential of using saliva as an alternative diagnostic fluid for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients and benign tumour. The study examined changes in RNase activities in the serum and saliva of some breast-tuomr patients. The result demonstrated a significant

     This study investigates the relationship between biochemical and inflammatory markers and the extent of ulcerative colitis (UC) in pediatric patients. A case-control study involving 200 participants, comprising 100 healthy controls and 100 with UC patients, all aged 7–16 years, was conducted. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for water- and fat-soluble vitamins (B12, C, β-carotene, D, A, and E), inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], interferon gamma [INF-γ], C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α]), hemoglobin, and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), using ELIZA-based analysis and manual methods. Participants also supplied data regarding their family history of UC, rural or urban residency, a

     The molecular mechanisms of migraine, a complex neurological disease, are yet unknown. The pathogenesis of migraine is thought to be influenced by oxidative stress. The presented work aims to evaluate the fasting blood sugar (FBS), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, lipid profile, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), copper, magnesium, vitamin D, potassium, and B12 vitamin in patients with migraine. The studied groups were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) is the healthy control group (HC) (n=50, males n=21/ females n=29). Group 2 (G2) consisted of patients with episodic migraine (n=50, males n=9/ females n=41). Results had shown that patients who h

This study involved the synthesis of copper oxide/hydroxide (CuO and Cu(OH)₂) nanoparticles via the UV-Vis method. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological and structural characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed, revealing that the particle sizes of the samples ranged from 21.66 to 15.95 nm. Their antibacterial properties were determined against two different types of bacterial strains, namely Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (+ve) and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (-ve), in addition to their acti

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a co-precipitation procedure. Comprehensive characterization included infrared fluorescence, X-ray scattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Surface properties were analyzed using Langmuir, Brunauer -Emmett-Teller, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda, t-plot techniques, and the N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms methods to determine surface area and pore structure. Results confirmed the nanoparticles possess high purity. The size of the synthesized particles ranged from 30-40 nm, which was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The surface area of the prepared particles is 31,227 m² g^-1, a

     Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), clinically depicted by insulin resistance and long-standing hyperglycemia, predisposes to infections and is further exacerbated in COVID-19 patients, thereby resulting in an increased risk of severe outcomes. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and compare them with control samples for levels of INF-α, INF-β, and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM/IgG). The study aims to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes on the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and to understand which immunodeficiency could explain the poor prognosis in diabetic patients. A total number of 430 nasal swabs were collected from patients in Kirkuk betwe

     In this paper, nanoferrite (CdFe₂O₄-SnO₂) was prepared by the auto combustion method (sol-gel), with weight ratios of (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) for SnO₂. The properties of the nanoferrite were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX techniques. The results showed that the produced compound had a cubic spinel ferrite phase; the crystallite size was determined using the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall equation. The FE-SEM image demonstrated that the compound is porous, with nanoscale particles that have a ball-like appearance. The EDX test verified the existence of Fe, O, Cd, and Sn atoms. Gas sensing showed the compound's high sensitivity to H₂S.

     One of the essential technologies worldwide is cloud computing. Increasing demand for its various Amazon Web Services (AWS) services make it more vulnerable to different types of attacks, such as DoS, DDoS, Infiltration, and others). The full list of attack types used in this study is presented in the classification section. Protecting cloud systems and their data mainly depends on various security technologies, including intrusion detection systems that monitor network traffic to detect suspicious activity or potential threats. This research proposes a model to contribute to solving the problem of identifying malicious activities in cloud networks. This model has three stages: the initial stage is pre-processing, encompassing d

     Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are increasing day by day due to the continuous change in people's dietary habits, as these changes play a major role in several intestinal problems. Endoscopy is a medical imaging device used to detect and diagnose gastrointestinal diseases such as esophagitis and benign tumors. Manual diagnosis consumes a long time, so there is an urgent need to use computer techniques for GI disease diagnosis accurate and fast. In this study, a Bayesian optimizer-based pre-trained model architecture (BOPMA) is proposed to improve GI disease detection. The BOPMA is concerned with adapting the Bayesian optimizer in two important aspects: improving the EfficientNetV2s architecture and fine-tuning the hyperparameter

     Zinc oxide (ZnO) plays a pivotal role across various industries due to its remarkable properties, which are further enhanced when engineered at the nanoscale. In recent years, the green synthesis of nanoparticles using biological systems, particularly plant extracts, has emerged as a rapidly advancing field within nanotechnology. This eco-friendly approach aims to reduce the environmental impact associated with conventional methods. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using zinc oxide and an aqueous extract of chamomile flowers as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results of ZnO pure and ZnO green, respectively, showed that the

     One of the most dangerous problems facing burn and wound patients is the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, which requires replacing them with more effective antimicrobial agents such as essential oils. In this study, tea tree oil was used as an antibacterial agent against bacteria from burns and wounds infections such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; polymerizing tea tree oil with casein compound and finding the minimum inhibitory concentration values ​​for the casein polymer agent against the bacteria. The bacteria were isolated and identified using the vitek2 compact system. The sensitivity rates of the bacteria to antibiotics were found through disc agar diffusion and measuring t

Ciprofloxacin it as one of the most widely used antibiotics, making it essential to study its incorporation in pharmaceutical formulations. This study utilized a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) composed of styrene and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate to optimize the sorbent for ciprofloxacin solid-phase extraction (MISPµE). The MIP generated a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.5247 µmol/g, demonstrating high selectivity sorbent for its template molecule. Calibration curve analysis indicated a concentration value of 30 μmol/mL. The MIP-SPE method was applied to pharmaceutical samples, achieving a detection limit of 0.21 µmol/mL. Drug recovery varied between 91.28 and 96.57 % by employing this method., These outcomes proved the via

In this study, new azolidine-4-one derivatives were synthesized using creatinine as starting materials. Initially, Schiff bases were formed through the reaction of creatinine, acting as a primary amine, with various aromatic aldehydes. This scaffold proved to be valuable for the development of new biologically active molecules. The resulting Schiff bases (1–5) were subsequently reacted with glycine, thioglycolic acid, and glycolic acid in ring-closing reactions to generate new compounds (6–10), (11–15), and (16–20), respectively. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed using the FT-IR and further characterized using¹HNMR. The biological activities and antioxidant capacity of some synthesized compounds have b

     Cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies have revolutionized the banking industry by bringing efficiency and innovation. The intrinsic volatility, however, makes them incompatible with the tenets of Islamic finance, which place an emphasis on risk-sharing, stability, and moral investing. Using BCHAIN MAC, a private blockchain, secured by message authentication value (MAC), created to produce MAC Coin, a stablecoin linked to MAC Token, this study suggests an architecture uses automatic smart contracts and a seigniorage mechanism to keep the value of MAC Coin between 0.8$ and 1.2$. The study shows that by dynamically modifying supply and demand, smart contracts and transaction fees work together to sustain the coin. Increased tr

     Inelastic Coulomb form factors with inclusion of the effect of short-range correlation functions for certain assignment excitations (such as 2⁺ (1.33), 2^*(2.16), 4^*(2.50), 4^*(3.13), 4^*(3.67), 3^-(4.04), 3^-(6.20), and 3^-(7.05) MeV) as well as for uncertain assignment excitations (such as 4.85 (2⁺, 4⁺), 5.05 (4⁺, 6⁺) and 6.85 (2⁺, 5^-) MeV) in ⁶⁰Ni atomic nucleus have been scrutinized. The form factors of uncertain assignment excitations have been computed by decomposing the excitations 4.85, 5.05 and 6.85 MeV to (C2 and C4), (C4 and C6), and (C2 and C5) components, resp

Recently, wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have presented a significant advancement in multimedia applications. However, the transmission of video or images poses unique challenging issues if compared with sending simple signals, due to sensor nodes’ resource limitations, in terms of processing unit specifications, memory, and energy consumption. This research analyzes the effect of transmitting images over low power wireless personal area networks using Internet Protocol version 6 (6LoWPAN), by presenting a new image compression algorithm (AriNib) by utilizing arithmetic coding with a proposed lossy approach that incorporates a modified Niblack thresholding operation to reduce the transmitted image size. As a result, the pr

     Steganography plays a vital role in secure message transmission, embedding information imperceptibly within cover images. This research addresses the challenge of creating stego images visually indistinguishable from originals, while enhancing resistance to steganalysis. We propose a novel steganographic system based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with hyperparameter tuning to enhance imperceptibility and security. Multi-scale feature extraction via Inception modules within the encoder facilitates efficient embedding with minimal distortion. A new combined metric, incorporating MSE, PAD, and MAE alongside PSNR and SSIM, provides a more comprehensive performance evaluation, addressing limitations of relying solely on P

     In this paper, prime modules are studied and investigated. Some properties of this type of submodules are proved. Some conditions are given under which every submodule of a prime submodule is maximal and some conditions are given which make every proper submodule of prime modules as a prime submodule. It is proved that multiplication modules in which prime submodules are finitely generated are Noetherian. In addition, the effects of localization on prime submodules are studied and some results concerning the localization of prime submodules are proved.