The aim of this paper is to study the rainwater harvesting of Hauran valley in Iraqi Western Desert by using remote sensing techniques. Drainage patterns of secondary valleys are drawn. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is applied to determine the typical locations of small dams or barriers of concrete or soil. Small lakes along Hauran valley will do to increase urban activities and can be useful for agriculture, irrigation and development of artificial forests to decrease the desertification phenomenon.

Comet assay Single cell electrophoresis assay (SCGE) is a very sensitive method to determine DNA damage caused by exposure to mutagenic and carcinogenic and environmental agents that effect couples infertility. The aim of project was to evaluate DNA damage in males couples of females with recurrent spontaneous abortions. Forty males couples of females with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions and 25 healthy fertile males (control group) were evaluated for semen quality by conventional semen parameters, and alkaline comet assay was applied for the two groups. The results showed that patients male couples of females with RSA had a significant higher DNA damage than in the control group. It was concluded that patients male couples of

In this study tested the efficiency of three methods (Tissue culture, Multispore, Multispore mixture) to renew isolates of  mother culture for cultivated mushroom strains (X20, X25, B62) And prevent it from deterioration and keep or increase productivity, It has been found that the strains in response varied according to the type of method used for the renewal of isolation. It was found that 17.78 kg/m² higher significant increase in total yield have been achieved when use multispore mix between X20 and B62 strain compared to all of those isolates the mother culture strains, Followed by tissue culture method for the renewal of strains, which amounted to the total yield 14.16 kg/m² when B62 strain. Multispore me

The research was conducted to study the effect of adding different concentrations of AgNo3 Nanoparticles (0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0) mg/ l in the production of some secondary metabolic compounds(Quercetin, Luetolin and Apigenin) of plant Dodonaea viscosa L. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites were estimated by using( HPLC ). The explants from leaves were culture on MS media supplemented with 2mg/l of 2,4-D, 0.5mg/l of NAA and 0.5 mg/l of BA for callus induction. Adding AgNo3 Nanoparticles (2 mg/l) cause in significant increase of Quercetin and Luetolin production, while adding AgNo3 Nanoparticles (0.5mg/l) led to significant increase of Apigenin in callus extract.

Fourteen isolates were collected from a previous study and all were assigned to be Streptomyces genus, according to physiological and biochemical tests, however all the isolates varied morphologically and exhibited different antimicrobial activity.  All 14 isolates were confirmed Streptomyces by  16S rRNA PCR amplification. Six isolates with high antimicrobial activities were ascertained   Streptomyces spp. by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Two isolates among the selected 6 isolates with antimicrobial activity against  E. coli and S. aureus . It recommended to make a complete sequence for 16S  rRNA to detect the  species that

This study includes six species related to the genus Echinops L. (composite) grown in Iraq which are listed below: E.armatus Boiss. & Hausskn., E. bicolor Nabelek, E. cephalotes DC., E.haussknechtii Boiss., E. moulensis Rech., E. nitens Bornm., the geographical distribution and ecological preferences' were documented.
It has been also observed that this genus was distributed near waterfalls, vallies, road side, dry limestone, clay soil and hard rocky soil in Different heights. The most separated species was E.armatus and the least separated one was E.haussknechtii, the species was listed in diagram and distributed on a map.

Biosorption is an effective method to remove toxic metals from wastewaters. In this
study biosorption of lead and chromium ions from solution was studied using
Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter kosari isolated from industrial wastewater. The
experimental results showed that optimum grwoth temperature for both bacteria is 30oC
and the optimum pH is 7 &6 for C. freundii and C. kosari respectively. While the
optimum incubation period to remove Pb and Cr for C. freundii and C. kosari is 4 days
and 3days respectively. Also the biosorption of Pb and Cr in mixed culture of bacteria
and mixed culture of Pb and Cr was investigated. Result indicate that uptake of Cr and
Pb for C.freundii, C. kosari and in mixes cultu

The petroleum system of Halfaya oil field shows that the hydrocarbon generation of these Formations such as Sha′uiba and Nahr Umr are immature and have generated few oil TR ≤ 50% which are neglected as compared to Formations below them which are very rich source rock. The Formations of Yamama, Ratawi and Sulaiy are mature with TR ≤ 100%. Other Formations such as Sargelu ,Najma,Zubair and Gotnia are with very high maturity with TR ≥ 100% and completely generated hydrocarbon and depleted after hydrocarbon are expelled and migrate to reservoir rock of structure traps and this study indicates that the major seals of Upper Jurassic are Gotnia and Allan Formations and of Middle Miocene is LowerFars fatha Formation.

Pulsar stars are rotating Neutron stars can be divided into two types Millisecond and Normal Pulsars. In this work the magnetic field are concentrated depends on the period (P), and Period derivative (P) for a sample Normal, Millisecond and Radio stars which adopted. In addition, the values of spin down luminosity and Heating rate are determined by depending on (Ostriker and Gunn) model. The results showed that older Millisecond define as having greater ages specified how long pulsars lives at that ages very long period pulsars to be observable have particularly large surface magnetic field. The results indicate that spin down of luminosity for Millisecond and Normal star must due to the main energy loss rotation axis to align with magne

Extractive multi-document text summarization – a summarization with the aim of removing redundant information in a document collection while preserving its salient sentences – has recently enjoyed a large interest in proposing automatic models. This paper proposes an extractive multi-document text summarization model based on genetic algorithm (GA). First, the problem is modeled as a discrete optimization problem and a specific fitness function is designed to effectively cope with the proposed model. Then, a binary-encoded representation together with a heuristic mutation and a local repair operators are proposed to characterize the adopted GA. Experiments are applied to ten topics from Document Understanding Conference DUC2002 datas

Fifty isolates of Bacillus spp were obtained from rhizosphere soil of compositae
plant roots. The ability of inulinase production by these isolates was screened.
Bacillus Be9, which isolated from soil of lettuce root, was the highest inulinase
producer; it was identified as Bacillus cereus. Optimal culture medium and
condition for inulinase production were determinatd; the highest inulinase
production was obtained when the bacteria was cultured in inulin medium which
contained 0.5% inulin, 0.4% peptone as carbon and nitrogen source at pH 7.0
inoculated with 1ml of bacterial suspension and incubated at 40˚C for 48hrs.

New, simple and accurate batch and flow injection spectrophotometric
methods have been developed for the determinationsof tetracycline
hydrochloride (TCH) and doxycycline hyclate (DCH) in pharmaceutical
preparations. The methods are based on diazotization of
metchlopramide and coupling reaction with either TCH or DCH in alkaline
medium to form yellow–orange water soluble dye with absorption maxima
at 414 and 436 nm for TCH and DCH, respectively. A graphs of absorbance
versus concentration show that Beer’s law was obeyed over the
concentration ranges of 1 –52 μgmL-1 TCH and DCH for batch method and
of 8 – 240 μg mL-1 TCH and 5 – 350 μgmL-1 DCH for FIA method. The
limits of detection in batchmetho

Ad'Daimah Field is a structural trap with a proven gas condensate reservoir in limestone. The Yamama Formation is the faulted anticline that makes up the field. Thirteen seismic lines were used for this study, with one well (Da-1). Velocity maps derived from the velocity model were used to construct time and depth maps. Certain stratigraphic features were present in the examined reflector, according to seismic interpretation in the region. In the research area, certain distribution mounds and continuous sand lenses in more than two-dimensional seismic lines were seen. These activity components offer a logical justification for the distribution of hydrocarbons in the study region. The major normal fault of (NW-SE) trending and minor norma

The present study deals with the biostratigraphy and depositional environment of
(Late Turonian – Early Campanian) represent dy Khasib, Tanuma and Saadi
Formations in well Agel -12- Northeastern Tikrite. Determination of three
microfacies in Khasib, one microfacies in Tanuma and three microfacies in Saadi
Formations. Depending on microfacies the paleoecologe of Khasib Middle shelf –
Upper Bathyal environment, Tanuma Shelf Margin environment and Saadi
Formations sediment in Middle shelf – Upper Bathyal. Twenty planktic foraminiferal species belonging to eight genera have been identified within the
studied well.
Depending on the stratigraphic distribution of planktic foraminiferal species, the
succession wa

The research included anatomical study of nine wild species of the genus
Athionema R.BR. from BrassicaceA family in Iraq, and these species are:
A.arabicum (L.), A.carneum (Banks et sol.),A. cordifolium (DC.), A.fimbriatum
(Boiss.),A. froedinii (Rech. F.), A. speciosum (Boiss. et Huet), A. syriacum
(Boiss.),A. grandiflorum (Boiss. et Hoh.) , A.trinervium (D.C.).The research
covered the anatomical characteristic of the leaf Epidermis as well as leaves
venation, also transvers sections for leaves were studied ,and revealed that some
anatomical characteristics have taxonomic importance in distinguishing the species.
This research also showed the presence of important variations in internal charecters
for leaves an

we applied the direct product concept on the notation of intuitionistic fuzzy semi d-ideals of d-algebra with investigation some theorems, and also, we study the notation of direct product of intuitionistic fuzzy topological d-algebra.

People may believe that tissue of normal brain and brain with benign tumor
have the same statistical descriptive measurements that are significantly different
from the of brain with malignant tumor. Thirty brain tumor images were collected
from thirty patients with different complains (10 normal brain images, 10 images
with benign brain tumor and 10 images with malignant brain tumor). Pixel
intensities are significantly different for all three types of images and the F-test was
measured and found equal to 25.55 with p-value less than 0.0001. The means of
standard deviations and coefficients of variation showed that pixel intensities from
normal and benign tumors images are almost have the same behavior whereas the

In this work, a new color image compression scheme combining the wavelet transform and modified vector quantization (MVQ) method is proposed. In wavelet transform, the vertical and horizontal Haar filters are composed to construct four 2- dimensional filters, such filters applied directly to the image to speed up the implementation of the Haar wavelet transform. Haar wavelet transform was used to map the image to frequency bands, bit allocation process and scalar quantization are implemented on approximation sub-band while modified vector quantization mechanism employed to encode the other higher frequency subbands using small block size and decrease the codebook size as the subband number increases. Since the encoding process is much ea

To estimate the prevalence of the thalassemia genes in Mosul city, a study was
carried out on ٣٧٥ persons randomly selected, from people attending three major
hospitals in the city.
A reduced mean cell volume (MCV) below ٨٠ fl was used as screening test for
thalassemia genes (e.g. hemoglobin, Hb. Electrophoresis, and finally blood Iron
content).
A total of ٣٣ cases (٨.٨%) were found carrying thalassemia genes. From the above
cases, ٢٥ cases (٦.٧%) were beta-thalassemia trait ٨ cases (٢.١%) were alphathalassemia.

Determination of the sites of geographical coordinates with high accuracy and in short time is very important in many applications, including: air and sea navigation, and in the uses geodetic surveys. Today, the Global Positioning System (GPS) plays an important role in performing this task. The datum used for GPS positioning is called World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). It consists of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system and an associated ellipsoid so that WGS84 positions describe coordinates as latitude, longitude and ellipsoid height (h) coordinates, with respect to the center of mass of the Earth This study develops a mathematical model for geomantic measurement correction for ellipsoidal heights (h) between two different

Various heavy metals, cations and anions of the Tigris River water in Baghdad region
were studied during the winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2009, for 4 sampling
sites. In the present investigation the levels of studied heavy metals, cations and anions
were found in the range of (0.011-0.333 mg/L) for As, in the water samples
(undetectable-0.0043 mg/L) for Sb,( 0.011-0.080 mg/L) for Ti, (0.150-0.730 mg/L) for
V, (0.01-1.06 mg/L) for Fe, (0.1-0.4 mg/L) for Zn, (0.011-0.15 mg/L) for Pb, (0.01-0.05
mg/L) for Cd, (0.01-0.04 mg/L) for Ni, (50-290 mg/L) for Ca, (97-270 mg/L) for Mg,
(0.65-1.74 mg/L) for K, (11-38.33) for Na, (35-113 mg/L) for Cl, (150-256 mg/L) for
HCO3, (96-479 mg/L) for SO4, (0.93

Images are important medium for conveying information; this makes improvement of image processing techniques also important. Interpretation of image content is one of the objectives of image processing techniques. Image interpretation that segments the image to number of objects called image segmentation. Image segmentation is an important field to deal with the contents of images and get non overlapping regions coherent in texture and color, it is important to deal only with objects with significant information. This paper presents survey of the most commonly used approaches of image segmentation and the results of those approaches have been compared and according to the measurement of quality presented in this paper the Otsu's threshol

Head louse is an integumentary disease infesting human hair and caused by the ectoparasite Pediculus humanus capitis. The endimicity of the disease among Iraqi elementary schoolchildren was investigated during the period from January to May 2009 in the city of Baghdad. From eight elementary schools, 540 boys and girls were included in the study. The total rate of infestation was 13.5%, however this rate was significantly higher among girls (17.33%) comparing to boys (8.75%). The prevalence rate was found to be highly influenced by certain factors. These were including the age (the rate was significantly higher (18.7%) among the age group of >8-10 years compared to other age groups), the hair characters (the rate was significantly high

In this paper we introduce a new type of separation axioms which we call
s*-separation axioms. We obtain the definition from standard separation
properties by replacing open set by s*-open set in their definitions.
Moreover, we study the relation between this type of separation axioms and
each of generalized separation axioms (g-separation axioms) and standard
separation axioms.

Gamma absorption coefficient dependence on the order of the shielding
material is measured using a proper electronic system and Cs-137 source. The
measurements were carried out for iron, steel, copper, brass, lead and concrete as
shielding materials.
The dependence of gamma absorption coefficient on the atomic number and density
of the absorber material is taken into account. The experimental and theoretical
calculations are in a good agreement.
It is found that the absorption coefficient value increases with increasing the
absorber thickness of high atomic number (or density) and decreases with increasing
the absorber thickness of low atomic number (or density), and slightly changes with

The carriage state of Group A beta haemolytic Streptococcus is considered as an important spreading factor for the infection with Streptococcus pyogenes. To investigate that among Yemeni children, 172 apparently healthy school age children were tested by taking throat swab and blood samples. It was found that 15.1% of the total examined children were carrier for GAβHS, compared to 11.05% who were carriers for other groups of β-haemolytic Streptococci. No statistical significant difference was found concerning the age, gender or the area of residency of those children, but, a statistical variation been found when a high family index group was compared to a low family index group among which a higher carriage rate was found in those chil

Combined oral contraceptive (COC) caused many immunological abnormalities; our study involved 25 woman taking COC one sheet/mounth and 20 women not use COC (control). The women were examined for acute phase proteins (caeruloplasmin, human alpha antitrypsin (AT) and C-reactive protein), also for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and body mass Index (BMI).
Our results showed significant increase in the level of caerulophasmin, AT and Crp in COC users which are 486.8mg/dL, 1889. 6mg/L and 7.79mg/L respectively compared with the control (non COC users) 355.9mg/dL, 1591.8mg/L and 3.9mg/L. Also results showed high significant increase in ANA level of COC users with a mean of 54.88 u/ml compared with control 36u/ml. BMI showed increase bu

The present study included the effect concentrations of mercury element (0.05-
0.2) mg/l on algae Chlorella vulgaris. The data showed decrease cells number,
growth rate and increase inhibition rate with increasing mercury concentration and
the elongate of exposure period which showed the toxicity of the element. Also the
results showed the toxic effect of mercury at concentrations (0.01-0.05) mg/l on the
animal Simocephalus vetulus, by decreasing the longevity rate, growth rate,
fecundity, fertility, number of brood per female during 21 days compared to the
control.

     Obesity is a complex disease and a major worldwide health hazard with adult mortality. Obesity is defined by an increase in the body-mass index of 30 kg m⁻² or greater. It belongs to the genetic predisposition and more consumption of high-energy foods and decreased requirement for physical activity in modern society. This study was designed to evaluate leptin and ghrelin hormones levels and the gene expression of leptin and ghrelin receptors in obese individuals. Seventy-five obese (45 females and 30 males) and 25 (15 females and 10 male) normal individuals were admitted to the Obesity Research and Therapeutic Unit at Alkindy College of Medicine/ University of Baghdad. All blood samples were pulled from obese and n

The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of infection with Paramphistomum
in the digestive tract of cows. A total of 268 slaughter cows were examined in Al-
Hilla Abattoir from 1 March to the end of November 2009. The rate of infection was
3.73% and the highest rate of infection was at summer months (6.45%) while lower
infection rate was shown at Autumn (1. 2%).
Rate of infection in calves at age less than 2 years reached 3.44% and in cows at age
between 2-4 years reached 4.23 %. Lower percentage at age more than 4 years was
reported (3.17%) Males cows recorded rate of infection with Paramphistomum 4.76% and in females cows reached 2.47%, while the infection rate in hybrid cows
was more than