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Application of Hydrophilic Lipophilic Difference Theory for Fenofibrate Formulation as a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
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Improved oral bioavailability of lipophilic substances can be achieved using self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. However, because the properties of self-emulsifying are greatly influenced by surfactant amount and type, type of oil used, droplet size, charge, cosolvents, and physiological variables, the synthesis of self-emulsifying is highly complex; consequently, only a small number of excipient self-emulsifying formulations has been developed so far for clinical use. This study reports a highly effective procedure for developing self-emulsifying formulations using a novel approach based on the hydrophilic-lipophilic difference theory. Microemulsion characteristics, such as the constituents and amounts of oil and surfactant electrolyte concentration and temperature, were optimized to produce high-quality self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Furthermore, in vitro lipolysis and in vivo bioavailability studies of fenofibrate, a highly lipophilic oral drug, loaded self-emulsifying dosage form were conducted. The self-emulsifying drug delivery system used in this study comprised soybean oil, water with a specific salinity, sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate as a surfactant, and orlistat as a lipase inhibitor. The hydrophilic-lipophilic difference-based approach involved fewer experiments and allowed for the development of an efficient self-emulsifying dosage form with a relatively low surfactant concentration when compared to previous works. The salinity and equivalent alkane carbon number were optimized, with the proper selection of the type and amount of surfactant, to obtain a bicontinuous microemulsion (Winsor type III) that can be fully diluted with water. In vitro lipolysis was investigated in fasting and feeding settings, which showed a significant dosage form digestion by lipase enzyme; orlistat was successfully used to overcome dosage digestion and drug precipitation problem. In vivo experiments in rats involved oral gavage with a self-emulsifying dosage form containing fenofibrate (20 mg/kg). The pharmacokinetic profile of fenofibric acid showed remarkable enhancement in the bioavailability (F-95%). These findings demonstrate that the hydrophilic-lipophilic difference approach is a practical, scalable, and easy technique for self-emulsifying drug delivery system formulation development. Keywords: HLD theory, fenofibrate, SEDDS, lipolysis

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Implementation of a Telemetry System for Environmental Applications
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The Environmental Data Acquisition Telemetry System is a versatile, flexible and economical means to accumulate data from multiple sensors at remote locations over an extended period of time; the data is normally transferred to the final destination and saved for further analysis.

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a simplified, economical and practical telemetry system to collect and transfer the environmental parameters (humidity, temperature, pressure etc.) from a remote location (Rural Area) to the processing and displaying unit.

To get a flexible and practical system, three data transfer methods (three systems) were proposed (including the design and implementation) for rural area services, the fi

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2012
Journal Name
I-manger's Journal On Information Technology
A MODULE FOR ENHANCING RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR QR CODE SCANNED IMAGE
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A QR code is a type of barcode that can hold more information than the familiar kind scanned at checkouts around the world. The “QR” stands for “Quick Response”, a reference to the speed at which the large amounts of information they contain can be decoded by scanners. They are being widely used for advertising campaigns, linking to company websites, contest sign-up pages and online menus. In this paper, we propose an efficient module to extract QR code from background and solve problem of rotation in case of inaccurate image taken from mobile camera.

Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Five Variable Refined Plate Theory For Thermal Buckling Analysis Uniform And Nonuniform Of Cross-Ply Laminated Plates
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This research is devoted to investigating the thermal buckling analysis behaviour of laminated composite plates subjected to uniform and non-uniform temperature fields by applying an analytical model based on a refined plate theory (RPT) with five unknown independent variables. The theory accounts for the parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains through the plate thickness and satisfies the zero-traction boundary condition on the surface without using shear correction factors; hence a shear correction factor is not required. The governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions are derived by using the virtual work principle and solved via Navier-type analytical procedure to obtain critica

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Effect of Teaching Competencies in Enhancing Self-Confidence among Students of Department of Art Education during Application: كنعان غضبان حبيب
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The results of previous scientific studies showed that knowledge is something and application is something else, that's why teachers' preparation programs focused, in the present time, on special standards for knowledge and performance, i.e., who has knowledge is not necessary able to apply it in his life or in his field of work, which led to the existence of a gap between knowledge and application. Based on that, those interested in (teachers' preparation) reconsidered their work evaluation, thus the concept of competency appeared at the end of the sixties of the past century to address the negative in teachers' preparation.
The following contains a number of competency features in teachers' preparation programs:
Teachers' effec

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 24 2023
Journal Name
Materials Research Innovations
Surface modification of poly(methyl methacrylate)-sulphadiazine complexes as self photostabilizer against Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation
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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Impact of Dialect Difference in Multifaceted Grammatical Rules
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Among the issues that preoccupied ancient and modern grammarians is the phenomenon of grammatical disagreement among grammarians and their differences in many grammatical issues that many of them go back to the phenomenon of dialectical difference, so this filled our thinking with a lot of things that led us to look at the side of the reasons for this grammatical difference, and here lies the significance of research to know that it is a linguistic phenomenon dealing with the living language used among the Arabs and linguistic phenomena that reflect linguistic reality as well. Thus our chagrin determination in research and investigation in this issue is the scarcity of dialectical studies at the compositional grammar side, and the lack o

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Applied Engineering Science
Design and implementation of a smart home automation system based on global system for mobile communications
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Recently, there has been an increasing advancement in the communications technology, and due to the increment in using the cellphone applications in the diverse aspects of life, it became possible to automate home appliances, which is the desired goal from residences worldwide, since that provides lots of comfort by knowing that their appliances are working in their highest effi ciency whenever it is required without their knowledge, and it also allows them to control the devices when they are away from home, including turning them on or off whenever required. The design and implementation of this system is carried out by using the Global System of Mobile communications (GSM) technique to control the home appliances – In this work, an ele

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design of a PID-Lead Compensator for a Twin Rotor Aerodynamic System (TRAS)
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This paper deals with a Twin Rotor Aerodynamic System (TRAS). It is a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system with high crosscoupling between its two channels. It proposes a hybrid design procedure that combines frequency response and root locus approaches. The proposed controller is designated as PID-Lead Compensator (PIDLC); the PID controller was designed in previous work using frequency response design specifications, while the lead compensator is proposed in this paper and is designed using the root locus method. A general explicit formula for angle computations in any of the four quadrants is also given. The lead compensator is designed by shifting the dominant closed-loop poles slightly to the left in the s-plane. This has the effect

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design of a PID-Lead Compensator for a Twin Rotor Aerodynamic System (TRAS)
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This paper deals with a Twin Rotor Aerodynamic System (TRAS). It is a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system with high crosscoupling between its two channels. It proposes a hybrid design procedure that combines frequency response and root locus approaches. The proposed controller is designated as PID-Lead Compensator (PIDLC); the PID controller was designed in previous work using frequency response design specifications, while the lead compensator is proposed in this paper and is designed using the root locus method. A general explicit formula for angle computations in any of the four quadrants is also given. The lead compensator is designed by shifting the dominant closed-loop poles slightly to the left in the

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
A Study in Tess of the D’Urbervilles as A Call for Liberal Education for Women
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Amongst the literary writers who used their art to direct the attention towards the issue of woman and her rights in a proper life is the English poet and novelist Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), who has been praised for his “openness to the feminine principle” 1 as Irving Howe put it. Hardy’s wide readings have changed his way of dealing with and thinking about so many critical issues which started to float on the surface of the English society during the mid and late of the 19th century. His readings for a number of writers, who seem of huge impact on his writings as he later admits that – “[his] pages show harmony of view with

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