The artistic signature of calligraphers has been regarded as a significant aspect of Arabic calligraphy since its inception. As the art form evolved and acquired an aesthetic dimension, the artistic signature became an integral part of this dimension. The calligrapher failed to include his name on the frames, a practice that has become customary among calligraphers nowadays. This tradition allowed to trace the evolution of Arabic calligraphy and identify certain gaps in the calligraphy composition. Additionally, the inclusion of calligrapher's name contributes to the achievement of visual balance within the calligraphy composition, signifying consistency or formal separation. The current study concentrated to investigate the aesthetics of artistic signature in Arabic calligraphy, comprising of four parts. These parts include the research problem, its significance, objectives, area, and the definition of key terminologies. The current study analyzed a total of 25 samples, out of which 5 were selected for further analysis. The researchers appointed a descriptive approach to examine the sample models thereafter, the implementation of artistic signatures varied across the models, with the utilization of calligraphy,(Al-Ijaza, Kufi, Ta'liq, Diwāni, and Raq’a). Alterations in the structure and measurement of certain signature letters facilitated the creation of shorthand, which reduced the spaces within the signature structure and achieved formal closure. Additionally, the placement of signatures was distributed among different locations.
From a medical perspective, autoimmunity reflects the abnormal behaviour of a human being. This state is shaped when the defense of an organism betrays its own tissues. Allegedly, the immune system should protect the body against attacking cells. When an autoimmune disease attacks, it results in perilous actions like self-destruction. However, from a psychological perspective, the French philosopher Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) explains that autoimmunity harms both the self and the other. As a result, the organ disarms the betraying cells, as the immune system cannot provide necessary protection. From a literary perspective, Derrida has termed autoimmunity as deconstruction for almost forty years. Autoimmunity starts with the stage of a norm
... Show MoreBackground: Transplantation has revolutionized
treatment of end- stage renal disease (ESRD) by proving
more cost effective than hemodialysis, with a lower
morbidity and improved quality of life.
Objective: To evaluate the development of these
complications in the first month postoperatively and
correlate their development to the type of donation
whether related or unrelated.
Methods: Fifty (50) patients aged (15-62) years, with a
mean age (34.46 ± 12.4 SD) years with (ESRD), who
underwent renal transplantation from September 2000 to
October 2002, were followed-up for one month
postoperatively clinically and by assessment of renal
function tests, sonographic and Doppler examinations.
Ureteral obs
Seven isolates were identified as Pseduomonas aeruginosa from clinical samples. Antibiotic sensitivity test were done to determine their sensitivity to number of antibiotics, the results illustrated all that isolates were resistant to most used antibiotics. The ability of Pseduomonas isolates to produce haemolysin, protease and pyocyanin were detected in this study, all isolates had the ability to produce pyocyanin pigment, hemolysis and protease. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts of Thuja orientalis and green tea against P.aeruginosa were investigated. The results showed that both these plant extracts have inhibitory effect against Pseduomonas isolates and it was shown that ethanolic extract of green tea was more efficie
... Show MoreBN Rashid, Nasaq, 2015
Flurbiprofen (FLB) is chemically 2-(3- fluoro-4-phenyl phenyl) propanoic acid. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Oral administration of this drug is associated with severe gastrointestinal side effects like ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding. The solution to this problem lies in the fact that topically applied NSAIDs are safer than orally. This study aims to prepare different topical semisolid formulation of FLB as cream base (o/w), (w/o) and gel base using different gel-forming agents in different concentrations. Comparing characterization properties in addition to release and diffusion study for all the prepared formulas to select the best on
... Show MoreBackground: Masseter muscle is a jaw closing muscle of the mandible involved in Para functional habits; which include lip and cheek chewing, fingernail biting, and teeth clenching or bruxism which can be classified as awake or sleep bruxism. Patients with sleep bruxism are three to four times more likely to experience jaw pain and limitation of movement than people who do not experience sleep bruxism. The aim of this study is to measure the thickness of the masseter muscle in bruxist subjects and compare it with non-bruxist subjects by using sonography. Materials and Method: Forty Iraqi subjects with age ranged (20-40) divided into two groups according to the presence of bruxism. Clinical examination was made and masseter muscle thickness
... Show MoreAbstract The study aimed at reviewing translation theories proposed to address problems in translation studies. To the end, translation theories and their applications were reviewed in different studies with a focus on issues such as critical discourse analysis, cultural specific items and collocation translation.
Regression testing is a crucial phase in the software development lifecycle that makes sure that new changes/updates in the software system don’t introduce defects or don’t affect adversely the existing functionalities. However, as the software systems grow in complexity, the number of test cases in regression suite can become large which results into more testing time and resource consumption. In addition, the presence of redundant and faulty test cases may affect the efficiency of the regression testing process. Therefore, this paper presents a new Hybrid Framework to Exclude Similar & Faulty Test Cases in Regression Testing (ETCPM) that utilizes automated code analysis techniques and historical test execution data to
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